研究发现肠道菌群通过神经、免疫、内分泌等系统与机体进行着精密的双向调节，在健康维系中扮演着重要的作用。肠道菌群不仅在肠道产生局部作用，还对宿主全身的多器官、系统产生影响。肠道菌群失调在青光眼、葡萄膜炎、糖尿病视网膜病变以及年龄相关性黄斑变性等的发生发展中起着重要作用。动物实验及临床研究证明，肠道菌群及相关的代谢物(包括来源于菌群与宿主)都对眼部疾病有着至关重要的影响。因此，调控肠道菌群或代谢物可能有利于眼部稳态的维持或相关眼病的治疗。本文就肠道菌群与几种常见眼部疾病关系的研究进展进行综述，以期为相关研究领域提供潜在的转化研究和治疗靶点。

Many studies have confirmed that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health. It affects multiple organ systems other than the digestive tract. The bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the human body is finely orchestrated by different systems, including the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Moreover, intestinal flora imbalance plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ocular diseases such as glaucoma, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Multiple microbiota and related metabolite(involving both microbe and host)both impact ocular diseases in animal models and demonstrate striking associations in clinical studies. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiota and metabolite may be beneficial for the maintenance of ocular homeostasis and the treatment of related ocular diseases. This article reviews the recent progress in the studies on relationship between intestinal microorganisms and several common ocular diseases, providing therapeutic targets for potential translational investigations within this research field.

江苏省科教强卫医学创新团队暨领军人才项目(No.CXTDA2017039)