不同类型近视牵引性黄斑病变的发病机制和手术疗效研究
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浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(No.2020KY651); 温州市科学技术局公共服务项目(No.Y2020033)


Pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy
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Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020KY651); Public Service Program of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.Y2020033)

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    摘要:

    目的:应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)探讨不同类型近视牵引性黄斑病变(MTM)的发病机制及手术疗效。

    方法:回顾性纳入MTM患者193例(210眼),其中74眼(35.2%)行玻璃体切除联合内界膜(ILM)剥离术。将患者分为三组:中央凹脱离组(FD)、中心凹劈裂(FS)、板层黄斑裂孔(LMH)。根据基线(M0)的中央视网膜厚度(CFT),将FD组分为两个亚组:广泛性FD和局限性FD。观察指标包括最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、CFT、后巩膜葡萄肿高度(PSH)、黄斑前膜(ERM)和ILM脱离。采用线性回归分析玻璃体切除术后6mo(M6)的BCVA相关因素。

    结果:M0时,LMH组的ERM发生率更高(rs=0.28,P<0.001),FD组和FS组的ILM脱离发生率更高(rs=-0.25,P<0.001)。玻璃体切除术后,所有眼的CFT和BCVA均明显改善(P<0.001)。与局限性FD相比,广泛性FD组CFT更厚(rs=0.56, P<0.001)、ILM脱离发生率更低(rs=-0.25,P=0.034),鼻侧PSH更高(rs =0.27,P=0.024)。与局限性FD相比,广泛性FD组在M0(P=0.013)和M6(P=0.030)时BCVA更差。M6时BCVA较差的相关因素包括广泛性FD(β=-0.295,P=0.042)和M0时BCVA(β=0.669,P<0.001)。

    结论:MTM有多种发病机制,其中ILM脱离可能在FD和FS的发展中占主导,ERM可能在LMH的发展中占主导。玻璃体切除联合ILM剥离手术可改善MTM患者的功能和解剖疗效。广泛性FD的预后可能较差。

    Abstract:

    AIM: To explore the pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)using optical coherence tomography(OCT).

    METHODS: A total of 193 patients(210 eyes)with MTM were retrospectively included, of which 74 eyes(35.2%)underwent vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling. The patients were categorized into three groups: foveal detachment(FD), foveoschisis(FS)and lamellar macular hole(LMH). Based on the central foveal thickness(CFT)at baseline(M0), eyes with FD were classified into two subgroups: extensive FD and limited FD. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), CFT, posterior staphyloma height(PSH), the presence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)and ILM detachment. Risk factors for BCVA at 6mo after vitrectomy(M6)were analyzed using linear regression.

    RESULTS: At M0, ERM was highly present in eyes with LMH(rs=0.28, P<0.001). Eyes with FD and FS were characterized by higher incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P<0.001). After vitrectomy, CFT and BCVA significantly improved in all eyes(P<0.001). Eyes with extensive FD were characterized by a thicker CFT(rs=0.56, P<0.001), a lower incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P=0.034)and a thicker nasal PSH(rs=0.27, P=0.024)than eyes with limited FD. Eyes with extensive FD were associated with a worse BCVA at M0(P=0.013)and M6(P=0.030)than eyes with limited FD. Extensive FD(β=-0.295, P=0.042)and BCVA at M0(β=0.669, P<0.001)were risk factors for a worse BCVA at M6.

    CONCLUSION: There are several pathogenetic mechanisms in MTM. ILM detachment may exert a dominant role in the development of FD and FS, while ERM may have a role in LMH. Vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling improved functional and anatomical outcomes in MTM patients. Eyes with extensive FD may carry a poor prognosis.

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沈迎娇,陶继伟,陈亦棋,等.不同类型近视牵引性黄斑病变的发病机制和手术疗效研究.国际眼科杂志, 2023,23(5):709-716.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-27
  • 最后修改日期:2023-04-04
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-04-27
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