乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视与眼部生物学参数调查分析

Investigation and analysis of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and secondary school students in Urumqi

摘要:

目的：调查研究乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视与眼部生物学参数差异。方法：横断面调查。于2021-09/11采取立意抽样的方法选取乌鲁木齐市4所学校7～18岁中小学生2 495人进行相关眼部检查。比较不同年龄段、性别、民族学生眼部生物学参数和屈光状态的差异，并分析纳入学生等效球镜度(SE)与眼部生物学参数的相关性。结果：纳入学生视力不良检出率为80.36%，近视检出率为55.91%，散光检出率为42.96%，其中低度近视检出率为63.80%，中度近视检出率为27.60%，高度近视检出率为8.60%。不同年龄、民族学生视力不良、近视及散光检出率、SE及部分眼部生物学参数均有差异(均P<0.05)，其中维吾尔族、哈萨克族学生视力不良、近视及散光检出率明显低于汉族学生。男生视力不良、近视检出率均低于女生，散光检出率高于女生。Spearman相关分析显示，眼轴长度、轴向长度与轴率比、前房深度、瞳孔直径与SE呈负相关(rs=-0.664、-0.724、-0.320、-0.086，均P<0.001)； 晶状体厚度与SE呈正相关(rs=0.147，P<0.001)。结论：乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视患病率较高，不同年龄、民族儿童青少年眼球生物学参数存在差异性。

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the differences of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and middle school students in Urumqi.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey. A total of 2 495 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 18 from 4 schools in Urumqi were selected by judgemental sampling from September 2021 to November 2021 for relevant eye examination. The differences of ocular biological parameters and refractive status of students of different ages, genders and nationalities were compared, and the correlation between spherical equivalent(SE)and ocular biological parameters was analyzed.RESULTS: The detection rate of poor vision among the students was 80.36%, the detection rate of myopia was 55.91%, and the detection rate of astigmatism was 42.96%, among which the detection rate of low myopia was 63.80%, the detection rate of moderate myopia was 27.60%, and the detection rate of high myopia was 8.60%. There were significant differences in the detection rate of poor vision, myopia, astigmatism, SE and some ocular biological parameters among students of different ages and nationalities(all P<0.05). Among them, the detection rate of myopia, astigmatism and poor vision among Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups was significantly lower than that of Han. The detection rate of poor vision and myopia among boys was lower than that among girls, while the detection rate of astigmatism was higher than that of girls. Spearman correlation analysis showed that axis length of eye, axial length to axial ratio, anterior chamber depth, and pupil diameter were negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.664, -0.724, -0.320, -0.086, all P<0.001), and lens thickness was positively correlated with SE(rs=0.147, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi is high, and there are differences in the distribution of ocular biological parameters among children and adolescents of different ages and ethnicities.