近视发病率逐年上升，严重影响着公众生活质量，为探索近视的发病机制，迄今已经建立了多种实验性近视动物模型。豚鼠在近视研究方面具有明显的优点，目前是亚洲实验室最常见的近视动物模型，但是不同的造模方式各有优缺点，了解不同的造模方式有利于选择适合的动物模型以及匹配不同的研究目的，可使研究结果更具说服力。本文对近年来豚鼠近视模型的不同造模方式及其特点、以及豚鼠眼部组织形态学的变化等方面进行简要综述，为进一步研究近视发生发展的分子机制寻找新的治疗策略提供一定的参考。

The prevalence of myopia is increasing year by year, seriously affecting the public's quality of life. To date, various animal models of myopia have been established to explore the pathogenesis of myopia. Guinea pigs have obvious advantages in myopia research. At present, guinea pigs are the most common myopia animal model in Asian laboratories, but different modeling methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Understanding different modeling methods is conducive to selecting appropriate animal models and matching different research purposes, which makes the research results more persuasive. In this paper, the different modeling methods and characteristics of guinea pig myopia model in recent years, as well as the changes of ocular histomorphology in guinea pigs are briefly reviewed, with a view to providing some reference for further study of the molecular mechanism of myopia occurrence and development and finding new treatment strategies.

四川省医学会科研课题(No.S20016); 南充市市校科技战略合作专项(No.22SXFWDF0003); 川北医学院青年项目(No.CBY22-QNA15)