[关键词]
[摘要]
高度近视是目前世界范围内造成视力障碍的主要原因，随着社会发展，近视率逐年上升。高度近视的发展与眼轴的进行性延长密切相关，而眼轴的延长不可避免的会出现一系列的眼底改变，如近视弧形斑、漆裂纹、脉络膜新生血管、黄斑脉络膜萎缩、视网膜脱离、后巩膜葡萄肿等。当前近视呈现出低龄化、高度化的特点，已经成为我国主要的致盲性原因。本文针对高度近视视盘、黄斑、视网膜、脉络膜及巩膜的形态学改变，对最新研究进行简要的归纳总结，以期为结合高度近视眼底形态开发智能预测模型以及临床诊断和进一步针对治疗措施的研究提供一定的参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
High myopia is the main cause of visual impairment in the world. With the development of society, the myopia rate is increasing year by year. The development of high myopia is closely related to the progressive extension of the eye axis, and a series of fundus changes will inevitably occur with the extension of the eye axis, such as comus, lacquer cracks, choroidal neovascularization, macular choroidal atrophy, retinal detachment, posterior scleral staphyloma, etc. At present, characterized by younger age and high degree, myopia has become the main cause of blindness in China. This paper briefly summarizes the latest research on the morphological changes of the optic disc, macula, retina, choroid and sclera of high myopia, aiming to provide references for the development of intelligent prediction models, clinical diagnosis and further research on the treatment measures in combination with the fundus morphology of high myopia.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家中医药管理局中医药传承与创新“百千万”人才工程(岐黄工程)岐黄学者; 北京市石景山区亢泽峰名医传承工作室项目; 深圳市医疗卫生三名工程(No.SZSM201812090); 首都卫生发展科研专项(No.2022-1-4181)
