学龄前儿童视力和屈光状态分析

Analysis of visual acuity and refractive status of the preschool children

摘要:

目的：了解北京市通州区学龄前儿童的视力现况，并对其屈光状态进行分析。

方法：横断面调查研究。于2021-12/2022-01采用整群随机抽样法选取北京市通州区9所幼儿园3～6岁儿童1 513人3 026眼，均进行视力和屈光度检查，并分析不同年龄段儿童视力和屈光度分布情况。

结果：纳入儿童视力低常率为15.47%，屈光异常率为14.24%，且随着年龄增长，屈光异常检出率减少，而屈光异常类型以单纯近视性散光为主(11.46%)，随着年龄增加，单纯性远视率逐渐降低，单纯性近视率逐渐增加。屈光度检查结果显示，纳入儿童球镜度为0.50(0.25，1.00)D，柱镜度为-0.25(-0.50，-0.25)D，等效球镜度为0.375(0，0.625)D。不同年龄段儿童球镜度和等效球镜度均无差异(P>0.05)，但柱镜度有差异(P<0.001)。

结论：3～5岁儿童视力低常率随年龄增加逐渐降低，6岁后又呈增加趋势。3～6岁儿童屈光异常以单纯近视性散光为主。学龄前儿童视力发育情况应重点关注，应定期进行视力和屈光状态检查。

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the current visual acuity of the preschool children in Tongzhou district of Beijing and analyze their refractive status.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study. A total of 1 513 children(3 026 eyes)aged 3-6 years old from 9 kindergartens in Tongzhou District of Beijing were selected by cluster random sampling method from December 2021 to January 2022. Visual acuity and diopters were examined in all of them, and the distribution of visual acuity and diopters of children in different age groups were analyzed.

RESULTS: The visual acuity abnormality rate of the included children was 15.47%, and the refractive abnormality rate was 14.24%, and the detection rate of abnormal refractive error decreased with the increase of age, while the type of abnormal refractive error was mainly simple myopic astigmatism(11.46%). With the increase of age, the rate of simple hyperopia gradually decreased, and the rate of simple myopia gradually increased. The diopters test results showed that the spherical diopters of the included children were 0.50(0.25, 1.00)D, the cylindrical diopters were -0.25(-0.50, -0.25)D, and the equivalent spherical diopters were 0.375(0, 0.625)D. There was no difference in equivalent spherical diopters among children of different ages(P>0.05), but there was difference in cylindrical diopters(P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The abnormal visual acuity rate of the children aged 3-5 years decreased gradually with the increase of age, and then increased after 6 years old. At 3-6 years, simple myopic astigmatism was the main refractive abnormality. Attention should be paid to the development of visual acuity in preschool children, and regular visual acuity and refractive status examinations should be carried out.