脉络膜厚度与年龄相关性黄斑变性发病关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between choroidal thickness and age-related macular degeneration

摘要:

年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)是一种慢性的、进行性的黄斑视网膜退行性疾病，是目前中老年人的主要致盲性眼病，其发展过程和发病机制复杂。研究表明，脉络膜厚度在ARMD不同分期和分类中均有显著变化。鉴于脉络膜是一种能够快速改变血流的血管结构，脉络膜厚度的变化可能主要是由脉络膜血流的变化引起的。并且，脉络膜的异常血流灌注可进一步损害视网膜色素上皮细胞的功能，导致视网膜色素上皮层缺氧、缺血，最终诱发ARMD。目前，越来越多的人意识到脉络膜厚度的测量在ARMD的诊断和治疗中的重要性，因此本文将针对脉络膜厚度和脉络膜血流在ARMD病程和治疗后的改变以及相关发病机制进行综述，这可能为ARMD发病提供新的预测指标，并为开发新的ARMD治疗方法提供新的目标。

Abstract:

With complex development process and pathogenesis,age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a chronic and progressive macular degenerative disease,which is currently the leading cause of blindness in middle-aged and elderly people. Research showed that the choroidal thickness changed significantly in different stages and classifications of ARMD.Since choroid is a vascular structure capable of rapidly changing blood flow, the change in choroidal thickness may be mainly caused by the change in choroidal blood flow. In addition, the abnormal blood perfusion of choroid can further damage the function of the retinal pigment epithelium cells, resulting in hypoxia and ischemia of retinal pigment epithelium, and finally induced ARMD. At present, more and more people are aware of the importance of choroidal thickness changes in the diagnosis and treatment of ARMD. Therefore, this article will review the changes and pathogenesis of choroidal thickness and blood flow in the course or after treatment of ARMD, which may provide new predictor for ARMD onset, and provide new targets for the development of new treatments of ARMD.