Müller胶质细胞在视网膜神经损伤中的作用研究进展

Research progress on the role of Müller glial cells in retinal nerve injury

摘要:

Müller胶质细胞(Müller glial cells，MGCs)是视网膜中的主要神经胶质细胞，呈放射状横跨整个视网膜。MGCs与视网膜神经元紧密接触，相互作用，参与维持视网膜内稳态。在视网膜神经损伤后，MGCs启动多种调控途径应答视网膜内环境改变和损伤，产生视网膜神经保护作用，如：调节神经递质释放，释放神经保护因子及抗氧化因子，重编程进行内源性修复。但在视网膜持续损伤状态下，MGCs增生也能加重神经元功能障碍和丢失。因此，正确认识MGCs对病理刺激的反应及其产生的保护和损害作用，对于研究视网膜神经损伤性疾病的机制及指导疾病治疗具有重要意义。本文围绕MGCs在视网膜神经损伤及修复过程中的作用展开综述，旨在为视网膜神经保护提供新的策略。

Abstract:

Müller glial cells(MGCs)are the major type of glial cells in the retina which radiating across the entire retina. MGCs make a close contact with retinal neurons, interact, and contribute to retinal homeostasis. After retinal nerve injury, MGCs respond to retinal injury in a variety of regulatory ways to protect the inner retinal environment changes and damage, producing retinal neuroprotective effects, such as regulating neurotransmitters release, releasing neuroprotective factors and antioxidant factors and reprogramming for endogenous repair. However, persistent pathological stimulation in retina can also exacerbate MGCs' proliferation which participate in neuronal dysfunction or loss. Therefore, a proper understanding of the response of MGCs to pathological stimuli and their protective and damaging effects will have a great impact on revealing mechanisms of retinal nerve damage disease and guiding the treatment of the disease. This article reviews the role of MGCs in retinal nerve injury and repair and provides new strategies for retinal neuroprotection.