[关键词]
[摘要]
近视是极为常见的眼屈光不正状态，近视发病率逐年上升且发病年龄趋于提前，已成为危害人们视觉健康的重大公共卫生问题。研究表明，近视是遗传因素和环境因素及基因-环境交互作用影响的多因素复杂疾病。遗传学包括经典的遗传学和表观遗传学。表观遗传学研究的出现为近视基础研究开拓了新视角。近年来不断有研究者提出近视发生可能与表观遗传学有关联，而且有越来越多的实验研究也证明了该观点。近视的遗传研究通过使用连锁法和全基因组关联方法，现已鉴定出高度近视以及近视的多个近视基因和候选基因，极大地加深了对近视遗传学基础的认识。本文就近年来近视在经典遗传学和表观遗传学两个方面的研究进行综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Myopia is an extremely common state of refractive error, and the incidence of myopia is increasing year by year and the age of onset is usually earlier. It has grown up to be a major public health problem that endangers people's visual health. Studies have demonstrated that myopia is a multi-factor complex disease which affected by genetic factors, environmental factors and gene-environment interaction. Genetics includes classical genetics and epigenetics. The emergence of epigenetic research has opened a new perspective of basic research on myopia. In recent years, the researchers have proposed that the occurrence of myopia may be related to epigenetics, and more and more experimental studies have also proved this view. The genetic study of myopia has identified several myopia genes and candidate genes for high myopia and myopia by using linkage and genome-wide association methods, which greatly deepened the understanding of the genetic basis of myopia. This article reviews the research on classical genetics and epigenetics of myopia in recent years.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
天津中医药大学第一附属医院拓新工程项目(No.2020046)
