方法：2019-10采用多阶段整群抽样方法，在云南省蒙自市7所学校(2所小学、2所中学、2所高中、1所职业高中)选取四年级以上的中小学生1 837名进行近视相关影响因素问卷调查，并进行远视力检查和非睫状肌麻痹条件下的屈光检测； 对调查问卷进行完整性及合理性检查，最终得到有效问卷1 622份。

结果：2019年蒙自市中小学生总体近视率为61.34%； 女生(71.36%)高于男生(50.45%)，汉族(70.19%)高于少数民族(57.70%)； 随着学段的增加，近视率呈上升趋势。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，女性(OR=2.308)、汉族(OR=1.712)、学段升高(初中：OR=1.579，高中：OR=5.538)、过去1wk每天做作业时长(1～<2h：OR=1.456，2～<3h：OR=1.514，≥3h：OR=1.901)、读写时眼睛距离书本偶尔或从不超过1尺(OR=1.741)、睡眠不充足(OR=1.585)、父母近视(OR=2.191)是近视的危险因素。

结论：蒙自市中小学生近视患病率较高，女性、汉族、学段升高、过去1wk每天做作业≥1h、读写时眼睛距离书本偶尔或从不超过1尺、睡眠不充足以及父母近视是蒙自市中小学生近视的危险因素。

METHODS: A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select students in 7 schools(2 primary schools, 2 junior high schools, 2 high schools, and 1 vocational high school)in Mengzi city, Yunnan Province in October 2019. A total of 1 837 students were selected for questionnaire surveys, and examination of distance visual acuity and noncycloplegic autorefraction. There were 1 622 valid questionnaires were finally collected after checking the integrity and rationality of the questionnaires.

RESULTS: The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary students in Mengzi city in 2019 was 61.34%. The prevalence of myopia in girls(71.36%)was higher than that in boys(50.45%), and the prevalence of myopia in Han nationality(70.19%)was higher than that in ethnic minorities(57.70%). With the grade growth, the prevalence of myopia showed an upward trend. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of myopia were female(OR=2.308), Han nationality(OR=1.712), higher learning stage(junior high school: OR=1.579, high school: OR=5.538), the time of doing homework daily in the past 1wk(1-<2h: OR=1.456, 2-<3h: OR=1.514, ≥3h: OR=1.901), occasionally or never keep your eyes more than one foot away from a book while reading and writing(OR=1.741), insufficient sleep(OR=1.585), parental myopia(OR=2.191).

CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city is at a relatively high level. Female, Han nationality, higher learning stage, the time of doing homework daily in the past 1wk≥1h, occasionally or never keep your eyes more than one foot away from a book while reading and writing, insufficient sleep and parental myopia are all risk factors that can cause myopia.