[关键词]
[摘要]
糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是一种糖尿病中最常见的高度特异性微血管并发症，是全球20～65岁人群视力障碍和失明的主要原因，主要表现为视网膜内微血管的异常及新生血管的形成。糖酵解过程是从葡萄糖分解开始到丙酮酸生成的过程，可以为机体迅速提供能量，内皮细胞多数通过糖酵解产生的ATP来维持其功能，包括维持紧密连接和屏障作用。丙酮酸激酶(PK)的M2亚型(PKM2)作为糖酵解的关键酶，在机体的大多数组织中均有表达。内皮细胞和光感受器细胞作为视网膜中的重要细胞成分，在DR的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。研究表明，PKM2通过代谢和非代谢方式调节内皮细胞和光感受器的功能，在DR发展中发挥重要作用。因此，本文将重点通过内皮细胞和光感受器细胞两个方面来综述PKM2在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展，从而为DR的诊断和治疗提供新思路。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Diabetic retinopathy(DR), one of the most common diabetes-specific microvascular complications, is classically described by intraretinal microvascular abnormalities and neovascularization. It is the main reason why visual impairment and blindness in people aged 20-65 years worldwide. Glycolysis can provide energy by converting glucose into pyruvate. Endothelial cells mainly utilize glycolysis to produce ATP to maintain the function, including forming tight junctions and barrier functions. Pyruvate kinase(PK)M2(M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase)is a key enzyme of glycolysis and is widely expressed in most tissues. As major cellular components in the retina, endothelial cells and photoreceptor cells play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of DR. Studies have shown that PKM2 takes part in the development of DR by regulating the function of endothelial cells and photoreceptors in metabolic and non-metabolic ways. Therefore, this article overviews the role of PKM2 in DR from the direction of endothelial cells and photoreceptor cells and provides new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of DR.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
南通市科学技术局项目(No.JC2021188,MSZ21084)
