[关键词]
[摘要]
宏基因组学(metagenomics，MGS)技术是近年快速发展起来的微生物研究技术，在病原微生物检测中具有广阔的应用前景。相较于传统依赖于微生物培养的聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)检测技术，宏基因组学技术无需培养，直接利用从少量样本中提取全部微生物DNA，依靠高通量测序技术(high-throughput sequencing， HTS)可快速地实现对病原微生物的鉴定和定量检测，为临床提供精准诊断依据，有利于更好地指导医生制定治疗方案。眼科疾病中，有不少由病原微生物引发的疾病存在发病快、样品难获取、诊断困难等难题，宏基因组学的发展为眼科疾病病原的检测提供新的技术手段和思路，本文将对宏基因组学技术在眼科疾病诊断中的应用进行综述，主要介绍宏基因组学技术应用于眼表、内眼的代表性眼科疾病诊断的研究进展，分析和总结该技术在临床应用中所展现的优势和不足，及其发展前景。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In recent years, metagenomics(MGS)is the fastest growing fields in microbiology, and has been broadly applied in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Comparing with the traditional poly merase chain reaction(PCR)-based detecting technology which relies on microbial culture, MGS can directly detect the sequences of the total microbial DNA from uncultured samples with the high-throughput sequencing platform. It can help the doctors identify the involved pathogens more quickly and provide better medication guidance. Among the known ophthalmic diseases, a lot of them are caused by the infection of pathogens and have many difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The development of metagenomics provides us a more effective and reliable way for detecting the pathogens of ophthalmic diseases. This article was aimed to review the development of MGS, applications and in the field of ophthalmology, as well as its current deficiencies and the possible development directions in the future.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家中医药管理局专科专病循证能力提升项目(No.2019XZZX-YK010)
