目的：探究宿迁市2020年学龄儿童新发近视的情况及相关风险因素。方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法，选取江苏省宿迁市42所小学，根据2019及2020年的体检信息纳入受试学龄儿童共12 452人； 基于其两年的视力、屈光度、身高和体质量信息，本研究分析了该地不同人口特征因素下学龄儿童的新发近视情况及其相关风险因素。结果：本研究中学龄儿童总体新发近视率为24.63%，不同人口特征因素下的新发近视率均有差异(均P<0.01)，其中城市高于乡镇(26.24% vs 21.31%)、女生高于男生(27.05% vs 22.91%)、超重的学龄儿童高于不超重的(25.82% vs 23.92%)，且新发近视率随年龄增长呈递增趋势(χ2趋势=236.421，P<0.01)； 同时新发近视者的身高和体质量年增加量均大于维持正视者(均P<0.01)； Logistic回归分析结果显示，城市(OR=1.541)、女生(OR=1.325)、高年龄段(OR=2.827)及超重(OR=1.191)的学龄儿童新发近视的风险更高(均P<0.01)。结论：宿迁市2020年学龄儿童的新发近视情况不容乐观，其中城市、女性、高年龄段及超重的学龄儿童新发近视的风险较高，同时一段时间内身高、体质量的快速增加可能警示着近视的发展。

AIM:To determine the incidence of myopia and related risk factors among Chinese school-age children in Suqian city.METHODS: The data were collected from 42 primary schools in Suqian, Jiangsu Province with a stratified cluster sampling method. According to the physical examination information in 2019 and 2020, a total of 12 452 school-age children were included. Based on their two-year information of visual acuity, diopter, height and weight, this study analyzed the incidence of myopia under different demographic factors and related risk factors among school-age children.RESULTS: It was found that the overall incidence rate of myopia among school-age children was 24.63% in Suqian(all P<0.01). Higher incidence rates of myopia occurred in the urban children than rural children(26.24% vs 21.31%), in females than males(27.05% vs 22.91%)and in overweight children than normal ones(25.82% vs 23.92%). The incidence also showed an increasing trend with age(χ2trend=236.421,P<0.01). For the growth and development, the annual increases of height and weight in incident myopia were greater than that in persistent non-myopes(allP<0.01). The Logistic regression analysis confirmed that urban children(OR=1.541), females(OR=1.325), elder-ages(OR=2.827)and overweight children(OR=1.191)were at higher risk of myopia onset(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The incidence of myopia among school-age children from Suqian City in 2020 was alarming. And urban children, females, elder and overweight school-age children were at relatively higher risk of myopia onset. Additionally, the rapid increase of height and weight over a period of time may be one of the warning signals for myopia onset. The factors impacting on the myopia onset among children warrants further studies.

江苏大学临床医学科技发展基金项目资助(No.JLY2021179)