神经元退行性病变在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

Advance of neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy

摘要:

糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病常见的并发症，作为微血管病变被广泛报道。研究发现视网膜神经元退行性病变在糖尿病视网膜病变早期已经发生，且在糖尿病视网膜病变进展过程中扮演重要角色。神经元退行性病变以神经元凋亡和胶质反应为主要特征，其发生机制包括高血糖、氧化应激、谷氨酸毒性、炎症等。糖尿病视网膜神经退行性病变与微血管病变的发生发展密切相关。

Abstract:

Diabetic retinopathy(DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, has been widely reported as microangiopathy. However, retinal neurodegeneration was reported to occur early in DR and played a significant role in DR progression. Retinal neurodegeneration in DR was characterized as neuronal apoptosis and reactive gliosis. The mechanisms for its pathogenesis include hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and inflammation etc. Furthermore, retinal neurodegeneration has a close relationship with the microangiopathy in the pathogenesis of DR.