长链非编码RNA在眼部疾病的研究进展

Research progress of long non-coding RNA in eye diseases

摘要:

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)被定义为长度超过200个核苷酸并从人类基因组转录而未翻译(非编码)的RNA。随着人类基因组测序及图谱绘制的顺利完成，在随后启动的ENCODE研究中发现，约75%的基因组序列可以被转录成RNA，而其中大部分转录产物为非编码RNA。近年研究发现，lncRNA广泛参与生物个体的发育、细胞增殖、细胞分化等体内多种重要的生理及病理过程，如细胞周期调控、细胞代谢、细胞凋亡、诱导多能干细胞的重编程及表观遗传调控等生物学功能，而差异性表达对人类各种疾病的发生起着重要的作用，如恶性肿瘤、炎症及免疫性疾病等。研究表明lncRNA与眼科疾病的发病机制也密切相关，本文对近年来关于lncRNA的异常表达与眼部疾病的研究现状做一综述。

Abstract:

Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is defined as untranslatable(non-coding)RNA that is over 200 nucleotides and is transcribed from the human genome. With the successful completion of the human genome sequencing and mapping, in subsequent ENCODE study, we found that about 75% of the genome sequence can be transcribed into RNA, and most of the transcripts are non-coding RNA. New research in recent years has found that lncRNA is involved in many important physiological and pathological processes in the body, such as cell development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, such as cell cycle regulation, cell metabolism, apoptosis, and reprogramming of induced peripheral stem cells. And epigenetic regulation and other biological functions, and differential expression play an important role in the occurrence of various human diseases, such as malignant tumors, inflammatory and immune diseases. Recent studies have shown that lncRNA is related to the pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases. This article aims to review the latest progress between the abnormal expression of lncRNAs and eye diseases in recent years.