目的：分析山西省高平市青少年儿童视力发育情况及近视患病率，探讨近视发生的影响因素。

方法：于2018-11/2019-01采取多阶段抽样方法在山西省高平市选取幼儿园大班学生181人、小学生948人、初中生432人、高中生244人进行问卷调查，并进行视力和屈光度检测，分析该地区青少年儿童近视发生情况及其影响因素。

结果：本研究纳入学生1 805人，视力不良检出率为78.28%(1413/1805)，近视患病率为64.38%(1162/1805)，近视学生戴镜率为51.46%(598/1162)。随着学习阶段和年龄的增长，近视患病率不断升高，且女生近视患病率(66.81%)高于男生(61.73%)，城区学生近视患病率(66.54%)高于乡镇学生(61.52%)。回归分析结果显示，学习距离是近视发生的保护因素，而每日学习时间、喜食甜食、初次视力下降时间、初次视力下降时间与戴镜时间的间隔时间均是近视发生的危险因素。

结论：山西省高平市青少年儿童近视患病率较高，长时间近距离用眼、饮食搭配不合理、预防和干预措施滞后均是导致近视发生的影响因素。

METHODS:The data was from November 2018 to January 2019 in Gaoping, Shanxi Province. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 181 big class children from kindergarten, 948 primary school students, 432 middle school students and 244 high school students. The questionnaires were distributed to those students, vision and diopter tests were conducted. Based on that information, the study analyzes the occurrence of myopia and its influencing factors in adolescent and children's cohort in this area.

RESULTLS: Totally 1805 students were selected in this study. The detection rate of poor eyesight was 78.28%(1413/1805). The prevalence of myopia was 64.38%(1162/1805), and the rate of wearing glasses was 51.46%(598/1162)in the myopic population. With the development of learning stage and age, the prevalence of myopia increased. The prevalence of myopia in girls(66.81%)was higher than that in boys(61.73%), and the prevalence of myopia in urban areas(66.54%)was higher than that in rural areas(61.52%). Regression analysis results show that learning distance is a protective factor for the occurrence of myopia, while daily learning time, sweet food, time of first vision decrease, and interval between time of first vision decrease and time of wearing glasses are risk factors for myopia.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among adolescents and children in Gaoping, Shanxi Province is relatively high. Using eyes at close range for a long time, unreasonable diet, and lagging prevention and intervention measures are all factors that can cause myopia.