小胶质细胞在眼病中的研究进展

Research progress of microglia in eye disease

摘要:

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(central nervous system，CNS)的神经胶质细胞的主要类型之一，发挥着巨噬细胞的功能，参与CNS的免疫反应。静息状态下的小胶质细胞时刻监视着其周围微环境的各种病理变化。在各种损伤因素的刺激下，激活的小胶质细胞发挥着保护和损伤组织的双重作用。小胶质细胞的异常活化，介导了视网膜炎症反应，加重了眼部原有的病变。随着我们对小胶质细胞和视网膜细胞之间相互作用机制的日益深入的了解，正在为治疗性干预确定潜在的细胞和分子靶点，这些治疗性干预将来可能应用于视神经损伤、糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼等疾病。同时，评估靶向干预小胶质细胞对于上述各类疾病的潜在治疗效果，也为未来的临床转化研究奠定基础。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨眼科疾病与小胶质细胞活性之间的潜在联系。

Abstract:

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system(CNS). Microglia constantly monitor the pathological changes of the surrounding microenvironment. Activated microglia play key roles in tissue protection and injury under the stimulation of various injury factors. Abnormal activation of microglia mediates retinal inflammation and aggravates the original ophthalmic diseases. Our growing understanding of the mechanisms of the interaction between microglia and retinal cells is identifying potential cellular and molecular targets for therapeutic interventions that may be apply to optic nerve injury, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other diseases in the future. In this review, potential links between ophthalmic diseases and microglial activity will be explored.