学龄前早产儿近视的屈光参数研究

Optical components of myopia in preschool premature children

摘要:

目的：研究1～6岁早产儿近视患者屈光参数的变化，探讨早产儿近视发生发展与屈光参数的关系。

方法：收集2016-01/2018-12在湖南省儿童医院眼科门诊随诊的1～6岁早产儿近视者158例316眼作为早产儿近视组，选取同期随诊的早产儿非近视者164例328眼作为早产儿非近视组。检测并分析两组受检者角膜曲率(CR)、前房深度(ACD)、玻璃体腔深度(VITR)、眼轴长度(AL)、晶状体厚度(LT)等屈光参数。

结果：1～3岁受检者中，早产儿近视组较早产儿非近视组CR陡(44.47±1.14D vs 43.38±1.22D)，AL延长(21.89±0.71mm vs 21.24±0.56mm)(均P<0.05)，而ACD、VITR及LT值无明显差异(均P>0.05)； 4～6岁受检者中，早产儿近视组较早产儿非近视组AL延长(22.49±1.32mm vs 21.43±0.72mm，P<0.05)，而CR、ACD、VITR及AT值无明显差异(均P>0.05)。1～3岁早产儿高度近视患者较低、中度近视患者CR陡、AL长，4～6岁早产儿高度近视患者较低、中度近视患者VITR深、AL长。

结论：屈光参数发育不匹配可能是早产儿近视发生的原因之一，其中眼轴长度变化起主要作用，而角膜曲率陡是低龄(≤3岁)早产儿近视发展的重要因素之一。

Abstract:

AIM: To study the changes of myopic components in premature children aged 1-6 years, and to explore the relationship between the development of myopia and components.

METHODS: Totally 158 cases of 316 eyes of preterm infants with myopia were collected from the eye clinic of Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. As a non-myopia group of preterm infants. Corneal curvature(CR), anterior chamber depth(ACD), vitreous cavity depth(VITR), axial length(AL), lens thickness(LT)and other refractive parameters were detected and analyzed in two groups of subjects.

RESULTS: To 1-3 years old premature children,there was the steeper CR and the longer AL in myopia group than non-myopia group, but only longer AL in 4-6 years old premature children. To 1-3 years old premature children, there were significant differences in CR and AL between myopia group and non-myopia group, but VITR and AL in 4-6 years old.

CONCLUSION: The mismatch of optical components development may be one of causes in premature children myopia. The axis length played a major role in the occurrence of myopia, the steep corneal curvature in young premature children.