成都市新都区小学生近视流行病学研究

Epidemiological study on myopia among primary school students in Xindu district of Chengdu

摘要:

目的：调查成都市新都区小学生近视现状，分析本地区小学生近视的流行病学特点及相关影响因素。

方法：采用分层整群随机抽样调查的方法，抽取成都市新都区4所小学的一年级到六年级学生，每个年级3个班，分别进行眼科检查和问卷调查，用SPSS21.0软件进行统计分析。

结果：共有3 324名学生参与本次调查，近视的学生1 124人，近视率33.81%。不同性别、不同年龄、不同年级、吃水果蔬菜和喝牛奶频次、父母监督和提醒学生用眼习惯频次、在家看书写字光线情况、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、睡眠时间、每天课外活动时间、课间休息时去户外活动或做眼保健操频次、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书频次、看书写字姿势以及父母双方患有近视情况的学生近视患病情况存在不同(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析发现：年级、性别、父母监督和提醒用眼习惯、在家看书写字的光线、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、每天课外活动时间、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书、看书写字姿势是否正确、父母近视情况均为近视的独立影响因素，其中父母监督和提醒用眼习惯为影响近视的保护因素，其余各指标均为危险因素。

结论：青少年近视与环境、遗传等多种因素有关，应尽早采取相应措施，延缓其发生发展。

Abstract:

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Xindu district of Chengdu, and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors.

METHODS: By means of stratified cluster random sampling survey, the first to sixth grade students from 4 primary schools in Xindu district of Chengdu were selected for ophthalmology examination and questionnaire survey, and the statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS21.0 software.

RESULTS: There were 3 324 students participated in the survey, 1 124 students with myopia, and the prevalence rate of myopia was 33.81%. The single factor analysis of myopia found that different genders, different ages, different grades, eating fruits and vegetables and drinking milk frequency, parents supervise and remind students to use eye habits frequently, reading and writing light at home, continuous homework and reading time, sleep time, extracurricular activity time, frequency of going outdoors or doing eye exercises during recess, lying reading or reading in a wobbly car. The prevalence of myopia was different among the students with reading and writing posture and their parents with myopia, and the difference was statistically significant. The difference is statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that grade, sex, parental supervision and warning eye habits, light of reading and writing at home, continuous homework and reading time, extracurricular time, lying reading or reading in a wobbly car, Whether the posture of reading and writing is correct or not, the condition of myopia of parents is the independent factor of myopia, among them, parents' supervision and reminding of eye habit are protective factors of myopia, and the other indexes are risk factors.

CONCLUSION: Juvenile myopia is related to many factors such as environment, heredity and so on. It is necessary to take appropriate measures as soon as possible to prevent its occurrence and development.