抑制视网膜色素上皮细胞发生上皮-间充质转化的研究进展

Progress of inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells

摘要:

视网膜色素上皮细胞(retinal pigment epithelium，RPE)的上皮间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition， EMT)是增殖性玻璃体视网膜疾病(proliferative vitreoretinopathy，PVR)的主要发病机制，也是治疗脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization， CNV)时，造成抗血管内皮生长因子(anti-vascular endothelial growth factor， anti-VEGF)疗效降低的重要因素。除此之外，随着细胞替代治疗作为年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration，ARMD)的新型治疗方式而兴起，人类胚胎干细胞(hESC-RPE)、体细胞诱导多能干细胞(iPSC-RPE)定向诱导分化的RPE细胞以及来自于流产胎儿的胎儿视网膜色素上皮细胞(fetal RPE，fRPE)逐渐受到了研究者们的关注。为了发挥最好的治疗效果，保证治疗用细胞的稳定增殖及高效分化是极其重要的。但是在传代扩增的过程中，由于上皮间充质转化的存在，导致这些细胞出现增殖困难以及再分化能力下降，从而影响治疗效果并阻碍了治疗人群的普及，使细胞替代治疗难以推广。所以，鉴于上皮间充质转化在视网膜疾病的发生和治疗中都造成了重要影响，抑制视网膜色素上皮细胞发生上皮间充质转化就显得尤为重要，为此，我们将阻止上皮间充质转化研究的最新进展综述如下。

Abstract:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of retinal pigment epithelial cells(RPE)plays a key role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR), and also decreases the therapeutic effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)to choroidal neovascularization(CNV). In addition, cells transplantation has been becoming a potential therapeutic method to treat age-related macular degeneration(AMD), and some cells sources like human embryonic stem cells(hESC)or induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)induced RPE cells, and fetal RPE cells have been attempted. However, EMT, as a common problem, decreases cells proliferation and differentiation efficiency, and it will reduce therapeutic effect and the number of therapeutic populations. So, in this article, we reviewed some possible methods to inhibit EMT.