阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与青光眼关系的研究进展

Study progress on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and glaucoma

摘要:

青光眼是一种病理性眼压升高，伴有视野损害，具有青光眼性视神经损害进而严重影响视功能的相关疾病。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS)是指睡眠过程中上呼吸道部分或完全阻塞使呼吸气流减少(低通气)或中断(呼吸暂停)，随后通过短暂觉醒恢复上呼吸道通气，从而引起反复发作的夜间低氧和高碳酸血症，可导致高血压、冠心病、糖尿病和脑血管疾病等并发症，甚至出现夜间猝死的睡眠呼吸疾病。OSAHS除了是心脑血管的独立危险因素外，目前许多的研究表明其亦与青光眼具有一定关联，但尚缺少对两者关系的系统性分析，本研究拟对其进行综述分析。

Abstract:

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neurodegenerative disease with specific characteristics of structural optic nerve head(ONH)and with changes in the inner retinal layer(ganglion cell complex)along with the presence of corresponding functional visual field(VF)changes that are irreversible. Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is characterized by recurrent complete or partial interruption of normal breathing due to functional occlusion or collapse of upper airway during sleep that leads to apnea or hypopnea and hypoxia. This causes decrease in the arterial oxygen(O₂)saturation and a rise in the carbon dioxide saturation during sleep and results in transient hypoxia and increased vascular resistance in body tissues. OSAHS is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, and many reports showed that OSAHS is one of the systemic risk factors for glaucoma which causes irreversible visual field damage, but lacks a systematic analysis of the relationship between the two. Comprehensive glaucoma evaluation should be recommended in patients with OSAHS.