学龄初期儿童近视发生的用眼环境因素构成分析

Analysis of the factors affecting the occurrence of myopia in children with myopia

摘要:

目的：分析我院就诊的586例学龄初期儿童电子产品的使用时间、写作业时间、是否弹钢琴和户外活动时间与近视的分布规律。

方法：收集2016-10/2017-04在我院门诊就诊的6～12岁学龄初期儿童586例，记录裸眼视力、验光结果； 记录电子产品的累计使用时间(包括电视、电脑、手机、iPad)、写作业时间、是否弹钢琴和户外活动时间的用眼情况。统计分析各年龄组的近视情况、不同年龄组电子产品累计使用时间、写作业时间、是否弹钢琴和户外活动时间与近视发生的分布规律。

结果：(1)随着年龄的增长，学龄初期儿童裸眼视力正常者的分布逐渐减少，儿童以轻度近视为主，轻度近视分布所占比例情况明显高于中度、高度近视；(2)电子产品使用时间分布情况：在电子产品的累计用眼量(包括手机、电脑、iPad)中，玩电子产品者占76.8%，不玩电子产品者占23.2%，其中9、10岁玩电子产品的累计用眼时间长，高于其他年龄组。(3)写作业时间分布：学龄初期儿童中，写作业≤1h者所占比例明显低于写作业>1h者所占比例(37.2% vs 62.8%)，其中9、10岁累计写作业时间高于其他年龄组。(4)弹钢琴分布情况：学龄初期儿童中，弹钢琴时间低于1h者所占比例明显高于弹钢琴时间大于1h者所占比例(89.1% vs 10.9%)。(5)户外活动分布：学龄初期儿童中，户外活动时间≤1h者所占比例明显高于户外活动时间>1h者所占比例(91.8% vs 8.9%)。

结论：随着接触电子产品的年龄提前，学习任务繁重，户外活动少，近视发生的年龄提前，而健康体检、健康用眼指导、适当减少课业、增加户外活动对减缓学龄初期儿童近视的发生发展起着重要作用。

Abstract:

AIM: To analyze the electronic product use time, writing time, playing piano time and outdoor activity time and the distribution of myopia in 586 cases of school age children in our hospital.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 586 cases of children aged 6 to 12 years old in the outpatient department was established. Personalized files were used to record the uncorrected visual acuity, optometry, slit lamp, fundus mirror and strabismus. The cumulative use time of electronic products(including computer, mobile phone, iPad), writing time, whether to play the piano and outdoor activities time with the eye situation were recorded. Statistical analysis of the age group of myopia, the cumulative use of electronic age in different age groups, writing time, whether playing piano and outdoor activities and the distribution of myopia occurred.

RESULTS:(1)With the increasing of age, the distribution of uncorrected eyesight was in children mostly mild myopia, and the proportion of mild myopia was significantly higher than that of moderate and high myopia.(2)Electronic products use time distribution: the proportion of playing electronic products(including mobilephone, computers, iPad)accounted for 76.8%, of which 9 years old, 10 years old the cumulative use of electronic products with a long time was higher than other age groups.(3)Distribution of writing time: the proportion of write homework ≤1h was significantly lower than the proportion of writing homework> 1h(37.2% vs 62.8%), of which 9 and 10 years old children cumulative write time was higher than other age group.(4)Distribution of playing the piano: the proportion of playing piano time less than 1h was significantly higher than the proportion of playing piano time more than 1h(89.1% vs 10.9%).(5)Distribution of outdoor activities: the proportion of outdoor activities ≤1h in children at school age was significantly higher than that of outdoor activities > 1h(91.8% vs 8.9%).

CONCLUSION: With the age exposure to electronic products becoming younger, heavy learning tasks and less outdoor activities, myopia occurred in advance of age. So health examination and eye guidance, reducing the amount of work appropriately, increasing outdoor activities will slow the development of early childhood myopia.