方法：随机抽取中山市市区及镇区34所幼儿园3～7岁学龄前儿童7 291名14 582眼进行屈光筛查，对于屈光异常者采用浓度为10g/L阿托品眼膏散瞳检影，测定儿童的矫正视力，确定弱视。采用检影验光测定屈光性弱视，采用角膜映光法、交替遮盖法等完成斜视的筛查，分析中山市学龄前儿童的斜视、弱视情况。

结果：入选的7 291名学龄前儿童中有687名屈光异常，异常率为9.42%，236名弱视，检出率为3.24%，13名斜视，检出率为0.18%。3～<5岁及5～7岁年龄段屈光异常、弱视及斜视检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)； 236名弱视中215名屈光不正性弱视，占总弱视的91.10%； 13名儿童斜视性弱视，其中8名共同性内斜视，5名共同性外斜视； 8名形觉剥夺性弱视，斜视性弱视与形觉剥夺性弱视相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)； 236名中3～<5岁轻度弱视儿童构成比高于5～7岁，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，3～<5岁中度和重度弱视儿童构成比低于5～7岁，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：中山市学龄前儿童斜视弱视发生率相对较高，应该早期筛查，对于异常儿童尽早采取有效的措施进行干预，提高儿童视力。

METHODS: A total of 14 582 eyes of 7 291 children aged 3-7 years in urban area and urban area of Zhongshan city were randomly selected for refractive examination. Before examination, the concentration of 10g/L atropine ointment was used, to determine the corrected vision amblyopia. The ametropic amblyopia was measured by retinoscopy, and corneal mapping method was used to screen the strabismus. Then strabismus and amblyopia of preschool children in Zhongshan were analyzed.

RESULTS: Of the 7 291 preschool children, 687 had ametropia, with the rate of 9.42% and 236 amblyopia with the rate of 3.24%, 13 cases were strabismus, whit the rate of 0.18%. There were no significant differences on ametropia, amblyopia or strabismus between 3-<5 years old group and 5-7 years old group(P>0.05). Of the 236 children with amblyopia, 215 were ametropic amblyopia, account for 91.10%; 13 children with strabismic amblyopia, of which 8 concomitant esotropia, 5 concomitant exotropia; 8 children with deprivation amblyopia; the difference of children number between strabismic amblyopia and deprivation amblyopia was statistically significant(P<0.05). Of the 236 children, more 3-<5 aged children had mild amblyopia than those 5-7 aged ones(P<0.05); less 3-<5 aged children had severe amblyopia than those 5-7 aged ones(P<0.05)

CONCLUSION: The incidence of strabismus and amblyopia in preschool children in Zhongshan is relatively high. It should be screened early, and effective measures should be taken as early as possible to improve the children's vision.