方法：选取2012-01/2016-09期间于本院就诊的2型糖尿病患者312例为研究对象。对患者进行、眼底摄片及相关实验室检查。以患者年龄、性别、病程、是否吸烟、饮酒，是否合并高血压、高血脂或糖尿病肾病等作为分组因素，比较不同组间患者出现视网膜血管形态变化的发生率，将有意义的因素再次引入Logistic回归方程，筛选出糖尿病患者视网膜血管形态变化的独立危险因素。

结果：所选的312例2型糖尿病患者中，伴视网膜血管形态异常组169例，不伴视网膜血管形态异常组143例。单因素分析结果显示，年龄、病程、合并高血压、高血脂或糖尿病肾病与视网膜血管形态变化显著相关(P<0.05)，性别、是否吸烟、饮酒等与视网膜血管形态异常的发生无显著相关性(P>0.05)。将发生视网膜血管形态异常作为因变量，上述具有统计学意义的分组因素作为自变量，经Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示，病程、患者合并高血压或糖尿病肾病是发生视网膜血管形态异常的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：病程增加、患者合并高血压或糖尿病肾病是糖尿病患者发生视网膜血管形态变化的独立危险因素。早期诊断与干预，采取措施控制血压稳定，减少肾脏损害可降低视网膜血管病变的发生率，同时减少糖尿病所引发的大血管病变，减少心脑血管不良事件的发生。

METHODS: Totally 312 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our hospital from January 2012 to September 2016 were selected as study subjects. The patients were examined by fundus photography and related laboratory. As grouping factors in the patients'age, sex, disease duration, smoking, drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetic nephropathy, we compared the incidence of retinal vascular changes in different groups. The meaningful factors were introduced into the Logistic regression equation again. Independent risk factors for retinal vascular changes in patients with diabetes mellitus were screened out.

RESULTS:In 312 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,169 cases were accompanied with retinal vascular abnormalities, and 143 cases were not associated with retinal vascular abnormalities. Univariate analysis showed that age, duration of disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetes nephropathy were significantly correlated with retinal vascular morphological changes(P<0.05). Sex, smoking or drinking had no significant correlation with retinal vascular abnormality(P>0.05). Retinal vascular abnormalities were used as the dependent variable, and the above mentioned factors were grouped as independent variables. By Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the course of disease, patients with hypertension or diabetic nephropathy were the independent risk factors of abnormal retinal vascular morphology(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The independent risk factors for the occurrence of retinal vascular changes in patients with diabetes mellitus are increased course of disease, hypertension or diabetic nephropathy. Early diagnosis and intervention, to take measures and control blood pressure, reduce kidney damage can reduce the incidence of diabetic retinopathy, and macrovascular disease caused by diabetes, the incidence of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.