方法：以人口为基础的横断面研究，在黑龙江省明水县整群随机抽取35个行政村为调查点，抽取50岁以上人群共6 196名作为调查对象。研究该人群分布特征和翼状胬肉的患病率、分布特征、危险因素。

结果：在50岁以上人群中，实际接受检查5 669名，受检率91.49%。发现翼状胬肉患者246例329眼，至少有1眼患病的患病率为4.34%； 翼状胬肉的患病率与年龄正相关(年龄每增加10岁，OR=1.616，95%CI：1.372～1.903，P<0.01)； Logistic回归分析结果表明，外出不配戴眼镜与配戴眼镜相比，OR=5.045，95%CI：1.592～15.985，P=0.006； 平时工作活动地点在室外与室内工作者相比，OR=3.896，95%CI：2.834～5.356，P<0.01； 平时外出或室外娱乐的时间>4h与<4h相比，OR=1.410，95%CI：1.064～1.869，P=0.017； 翼状胬肉的发生与年龄、是否配戴眼镜、户外工作的时间相关。

结论：在高寒地带的黑龙江省农村地区翼状胬肉患病率有所下降。高龄、户外工作是其危险因素，而外出时配戴眼镜是其保护性因素。

METHODS:Population-based cross-sectional study. A total number of 6 196 subjects aged 50 years or older in 35 villages in Mingshui District of Heilongjiang was studied, using cluster random sampling methods. The prevalence of pterygium, distribution patterns and risk factors in this population were studied.

RESULTS:There were 5 669 subjects(91.49%)actually received the examination and 246 patients(329 eyes)were found among the population aged 50 years or older. The prevalence of pterygium was 4.34%. The prevalence of pterygium was positively correlated with age(for every 10a of age, OR=1.616,95%CI:1.372-1.903,P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed:non-glasses vs wearing glasses when been outdoors(OR=5.045,95%CI :1.592-15.985,P=0.006); outdoor workers vs indoor workers(OR=3.896,95%CI:2.834-5.356,P<0.01). Pterygium was related to the age, glass-wearing and times working outdoors.

CONCLUSION:In the alpine, rural area of Honglongjiang, the prevalence of pterygium is decreased. Old age and outdoor work are the risk factors, while wearing glasses when going out is a protective factor.