方法：通过对近年在山东枣庄地区开展学龄儿童入学筛查、白内障复明工程和下乡义诊筛查资料汇总进行回顾性分析研究。筛查人数12 685人，男性7 962人，女性4 723人。按照年龄分组：低年龄组2.5～15岁(含15岁)2 262人； 青中年龄组15～50岁(含50岁)4 684人； 高年龄组50岁以上5 739人。主要进行的眼部检查包括视力、电脑验光、前节裂隙灯、眼压、眼底检查(一般为小瞳，必要时散瞳)，同时记录的治疗包括有无家族史、眼部外伤史、眼部手术史、眼部疾病治疗的情况。

结果：低年龄组盲和低视力人数423人，患病率为3.33%，导致低视力的主要原因为弱视、屈光不正、眼外伤、早产儿视网膜病变等。青中年龄组盲和低视力人数239人，患病率为1.88%，主要原因为眼外伤、高度近视、视网膜脱离等。高年龄组盲和低视力人数为597人，患病率为4.71%，主要原因为白内障、糖尿病视网膜病变、老年性黄斑变性等。盲和低视力随着年龄的增加患病率也升高，在性别上女性患病率稍高于男性。

结论：山东枣庄地区不同年龄组盲和低视力大患病率高于全国平均患病率0.5%，且不同年龄组致盲和低视力的眼病表现出显著地差异。针对低年龄组要做到及早进行视力筛查，做到早发现早治疗，尽可能提高视力； 青中年龄组要做好眼部防护以及眼病的早期健康教育； 高年龄组要做好早期眼病宣教，及早行白内障手术和眼底疾病的干预。

METHODS: The medical records of admission screening in preschoolers, cataract extraction project and medical outreach program in Zaozhuang were retrospective studied. A total of 12 685 people participated in the study, among those 7 962 were males, and 4 723 were females. 2 262 cases were in low age group(aged 2.5-15), 4 684 cases were in young age group(aged 15-50), and 5 739 cases were in elder age group(aged>50). The examination protocol included visual acuity testing, intraocular pressure, computer optometry, anterior segment examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy, and fundus examination. The family history, ocular trauma, surgery and drug treatment were also recorded.

RESULTS: The incidence of blindness and low vision in low age group(423 patients)was 3.33%. The leading causes were amblyopia, ametropia, ocular trauma, and retinopathy of the premature, etc. The incidence of blindness and low vision in young age group(239 patients)was 1.88%. The main causes were ocular trauma, high myopia, and retinal detachment, etc. The incidence of blindness and low vision in old age group(597 patients)was 4.71%. The primary causes were cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, etc. The incidence of blindness and low vision increased with the age, and it was higher in females.

CONCLUSION: The incidence of blindness and low vision in all groups, of which the leading causes are different, is higher than that of China. Early detection and treatment are important for low age patients, which can significantly increase the visual outcome. It's necessary for young patients to receive health education on common ocular diseases and labor protection. For elder patients, early cataract extraction surgery and treatment for ocular fundus disease are critical.