方法：收集2011-01/2012-11就诊于宁夏眼科医院的高度近视患者，所有入选患者均经过详细的眼科检查和相关环境因素的调查，根据患者的性别、民族、发病年龄、屈光状态、眼轴长度、文化程度、生活环境进行临床分析。

结果：共收集320例高度近视患者，就诊时年龄3～80(平均42.65±16.51)岁。320例患者中女190例，男130例，男女之比约为1：1.5； 其中汉族250例，回族70例。发病年龄20岁以下者237例，21岁以上者83例，两组差异具有显著性(P<0.001)。屈光度与患者的文化程度之间差异无显著性(P > 0.05)。矫正视力≤0.3的患者随着屈光度的增高而增加，而矫正视力在0.4～0.7和≥0.8的患者随屈光度的增加而减少。屈光度与最佳矫正视力呈显著负相关(r=-0.196，P<0.05)，与眼轴长度呈显著正相关(r=0.681，P<0.05)。

结论：遗传因素可能是导致本组高度近视患者发病的主要原因。高度近视屈光度越高，眼轴越长，矫正视力越差。

METHODS:A total of 320 patients(640 eyes)with high myopia treated in Ningxia Eye Hospital from January 2011 to November 2012 were studied. All of them underwent thorough eye examination and relevant environmental factors were recorded. The following data were analyzed, including gender, ethnicity, age of onset, refractive error, axial length, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), educational level and living environment.

RESULTS: Bilateral high myopia was present in 320 patients(130 men and 190 women; 250 being of Han nationality and 70 of Hui nationality)with a mean age of 42.65±16.51 years(range: 3-80 years); the male to female ratio was 1:1.5. The age of onset was lower than 20 years in 237 patients, higher than 21 yeas in 83 patients, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). There was no significant difference between diopter and educational level(P>0.05). The patients with BCVA higher than 0.3 increased with diopter increased, while BCVA lower than 0.8 and between 0.4～0.7 reduced. Refraction was significantly negatively correlated with BCVA(r=-0.196, P<0.05)and positive correlated with axial length(r=0.681, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: In the study, patients with high myopia tend to have early onset, low educational level, and spacious living environment. Such results indicate that the genetic factors may be the main cause of high myopia in this group. The higher the degree of myopia was, the worse BCVA and the longer AL would be.