目的：通过比较研究十年前后(1998/2000年和2008/2010年)的验光资料，分析儿童青少年近视眼发生发展情况，为深入研究近视眼的发生、发展规律和防治提供依据。

方法：将1998/2000年(十年前组)与2008/2010年(十年后组)来我院就诊的门诊病例随机抽样，按年龄分为3组，≤6岁为儿童组，7～12岁为小学组，13～18岁为中学组。将其验光结果进行统计分析。

结果：十年前后两组的平均屈光度进行统计学分析比较有显著差异，并显示近视眼发生发展年龄呈前移趋势(P<0.01)。按年龄分组对十年前后两组的屈光度分别进行统计学分析，小学组和中学组的屈光度明显增加，有显著差异(均P<0.01)。通过对十年前后组屈光度与年龄的关系的统计分析，近视小学组患病眼数明显增加，从35.2%增到50.0%。中学组十年后组患眼比例有所减少，儿童组变化不明显。将屈光度分为低度、中度、高度三组进行比较，近视中学组变化最大，中度近视眼数较十年前组增加了11.4%，高度近视眼数增加了7.9%。

结论：通过我们的研究表明近视眼发生的年龄提前，屈光度增加近1.00D，可能是现代生活方式以及生活环境的改变，近视眼的发病率日渐增加，儿童青少年近视眼的发生年龄日渐提前，因此预防近视的工作要从小做起，预防的重点要放在幼儿园和小学阶段。

AIM: To compare the optometric examination results of myopic young children between those diagnosed in the period from 1998 to 2000 and those diagnosed in the period from 2008 to 2010; and to find out the causes of myopia and factors that worsen the condition, and suggest methods of its prevention and treatment.

METHODS: This study was a retrospective case study. We randomly selected sample from out-patient department register of cases and divided them into two main groups, ‘ten year before group'(TYBG)(1998/2000 year cases)and ‘ten years later group'(2008/2010 year cases)(TYLG). Each group was further subdivided into three sub-groups by age: under-six years old children group(CG), seven-twelve years old primary-school group(PSG)and thirteen-eighteen years old middle-school group(MSG). The optometric examination results were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The difference of the mean dioptre between the TYBG and TYLG was strongly statistically significant, also forward-lead trend of age when children suffered from myopia was found(P<0.01). There was a significant increase of dioptre among PSG and MSG in TYLG compared to TYBG(P<0.01). After analyzing the relationship between dioptre and age, this study showed an increase of the proportion of myopia patients from 35.2% to 50.0% in PSG in ten years interval. This proportion decreases in MSG and remains stable in CG. All cases had been divided into slight myopia, medium myopia and high myopia, depending on their own myopia dioptre. The biggest difference of myopia dioptre were seen in MSG where the proportion of medium myopia patients increased 11.4% and high myopia patients increased 7.9% in TYLG.

CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the age of getting myopia was forward lead, the dioptre increases by 1.00 degree and the prevalence of myopia is increasing gradually. This situation may due to the modern life style and changes of living standard of the population. Therefore, prevention of myopia should concentrate more on younger children at kindergarten and primary school stage students.