目的：了解宁夏地区糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的患病率及高危因素,为DR的预防、治疗提供依据。方法：采用整群随机抽样的方法,按人口学特点及回汉分布进行调查,完成最后一步抽样,确定具体的社区及村镇的样本量,填写糖尿病视网膜病变患病率调查表。分析宁夏地区DR的患病率及高危因素。结果：3001例中共发现76例糖尿病患者,其中DR患者13例,占糖尿病患者总数的17.11％,占所有受检者的043％(人群患病率)；其中男5例,女8例,男女性患病率差异无显著性；城市和农村间男性患病率比较差异无显著性；城市和农村间女性患病率比较差异有显著性,城市女性糖尿病视网膜病变患者高于农村。3001例中汉族1734例中共发现8例DR患者,患病率0.46％,回族1240例中共发现4例DR患者,患病率0.32％,汉族和回族患者的DR患病率比较差异有显著性。对糖尿病病程、血压、血脂、血糖控制情况的相关因素进行分析,在确诊的DR患者中,糖尿病病程＜5a者1例(7.69％),5～10a者4例(30.77％),＞10a者8例(61.54％)。合并高血压者10例(76.92％)；合并高血脂者8例(61.54％)。结论：DR在宁夏地区糖尿病的患病率为17.11％,占所有受检者的0.43％(人群患病率)。男女性患病率差异无显著性,城市女性DR患者高于农村。DR在城市和农村的患病率比较,城市高于农村,差异有显著性。汉族和回族患者的DR患病率比较,汉族高于回族,差异有显著性。糖尿病病程长、空腹血糖高、合并高血压、高血脂是DR发生的高危因素,对高危糖尿患者人群的定期眼底检查及高危因素的检测是防治DR的关键。

AIM:To know the prevalence, high risk factors of diabetic retinopathy(DR) to provide evidence to the prevention and treatment of DR.METHODS:The investigation based on the demographic features and the distribution of Hui and Han nationalities using cluster random sampling, finishing the last sampling, ensuring the sample size of community and villages and filling the questionnaire of DR prevalence. Analyze the prevalence and high risk factors of DR in Ningxia region.RESULTS:Among 3001 cases, 76 cases were diagnosed with diabetes, in which 13 cases were DR, accounted for 17.11％ in diabetes, 0.43% in all subjects. There were males 5 cases, females 8 cases, no significant difference between prevalence of male and female, no significant difference of male prevalence between urban and rural district, as well as female. Eight cases with DR were found in 1734 Han cases, the prevalence rate was 0.46%; 4 cases with DR were found in 1240 Hui cases, the prevalence rate was 0.32%; there was significant difference between Han and Hui cases. The diabetic course, blood pressure, blood lipid and related factors of glucose control situation were analyzed. In those diagnosed DR cases, diabetic course＜5a was 1 case(7.69％), 5-10a 4 cases(30.77％), ＞10a 8 cases(61.54％).Ten cases (76.92％)were combined with hypertension, 8 cases combined with hyperlipidemia(61.54％).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of DR in Ningxia region was 17.11％, accounted for 0.43% in all subjects(the crowd rate ). The prevalence between male and female had no significant difference, the female DR patients in urban district was higher than that in rural district. The prevalence of DR in urban district was higher than that in rural district, there was significant difference. The prevalence of DR in Han nationality was higher than that in Hui nationality, there was significant difference. Long-term of diabetes, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), combined hypertension and hyperlipidemia are high risk factors to DR. Regular fundus examination and test of high risk factors for high risk diabetic patients are the key to prevent and treat DR.

宁夏科学自然基金项目(No. NZ10166)