与社区医疗机构结合行白内障眼病意识和手术意愿分步调查

Survey about disease cognition and surgery expectation of cataract patients based on general clinics in communities

摘要:

目的:探讨通过社区服务管理网络创建白内障无障碍区的有效途径。 方法:选择一社区医疗服务中心及所辖三个居民委员会，参考印度Aravid 眼科医院调查问卷等资料，设计调查问卷。调查方式为两个阶段进行:社区居民白内障眼病认知意识调查;白内障手术意愿调查。 结果:60岁以上老年人约1500例，主动应答者占80.0%。社区居民眼病认知情况回收问卷中有白内障自我意识者，占回收卷中92.0%。分析结果为，患白内障意识存在者占72.0%；白内障主动就诊意识者占54.5%；有健康宣教需求者占96.5%。社区医院将有白内障认知意识问卷结果反馈到居委会，组织患者在社区医院，由眼科医生进行眼科检查，筛查出需手术治疗者占16. 7%。影响白内障手术意愿的因素：经济因素34.0%，个人心理因素40.0%，已经手术者占10.0%（应答率84%）。 结论：在北京城区内,即使是中心城区，对居民（包括高文化层次居民）进行白内障知识健康宣教是十分必要的。居民对白内障知识的了解与经济水平和文化素养无关，拥有白内障手术技术资源的大医院与社区医疗服务中心结合、政府基层组织的参与，是经济发达城区开展白内障无障碍区活动的有效方法。

Abstract:

AIM: To explore an effective way of establishing a cataract barrier-free region by the establishment of community service network. METHODS:A primary care center and three neighborhood committees under its jurisdiction were chosen. The questionnaire was designed with reference of the questionnaire of a ravid ophthalmology hospital in India. The survey included two stages: (1) Investigation on the cognition of community residents to cataract; (2) Investigation on the willingness of accepting operation. RESULTS: There were about 1500 elder people aged over 60, and the cases who correspond actively accounted for 80.0%. In all the questionnaires resumed, the ones who had self consciousness accounted for 92.0%, and visited actively ones accounted for 54.5% while 96.5% of the investigated man needed health propaganda and education. The cognitive questionnaires were fed back to the neighborhood committees by the hospitals of communities. After ophthalmologic examination, 16.7% of them needed operation. The willingness of accepting operation was affected by the following factors: economic conditions(34.0%), psychologic situation(40.0%) and operated before(10.0%). CONCLUSION: In the downtown of Beijing even the center of the city, health propaganda and education of knowledge of cataractis essential. The cognition of cataract had nothing to do with the educational level. Participating of the hospitals with surgical technique of cataract and primary care center with the help of government was an effective way to establish a cataract-free region.