年龄相关性黄斑变性在发达国家已是致盲原因之一，尽管目前有抗VEGF药物、激光、光动力学等湿性黄斑变性的治疗方法，但治疗效果有限。因此，目前最经济实惠的是黄斑变性的预防。我们对目前有据可依的一些黄斑变性的预防方法进行综述，包括4个方面：（1）合理膳食：维生素C、叶黄素、玉米黄素和脂肪酸等；（2）生活方式的管理，例如：戒烟和体重管理；（3）减少光照暴露，如太阳眼镜及滤波人工晶状体；（4）早期筛查。

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. Although effective treatment modalities such as anti-VEGF, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy have been developed for neovascular AMD, there is still no effective treatment for geographical atrophy, and therefore the most cost-effective management of AMD is to start with prevention. This review looks at current evidence on preventive measures targeted at AMD. Modalities reviewed include (1) nutritional supplements such as the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formula, lutein and zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acid, and berry extracts; (2) lifestyle modifications, including smoking and body-mass-index; (3) filtering sunlight, i.e. sunglasses and blue-blocking intraocular lenses, and (4) screening test.