白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入是目前治疗白内障最有效的方法。随着屈光性人工晶状体手术时代的到来，白内障手术已经从传统的复明手术向现代屈光性白内障手术转变。最大限度地缩小手术切口、尽可能地获得术后最佳视功能，已成为人们追求的目标。微切口白内障超声乳化术作为达成该目标的重要方法，正受到越来越多的关注。我们通过复习国内外文献，简要回顾了微切口超声乳化术的发展历史，着重阐述了微切口超声乳化术对角膜散光、角膜内皮细胞、术后视力的影响。

The cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is the most effective approach to treat the cataract at present. With the arrival of the era of refractive intraocular lens surgery, cataract surgery has been changed from the traditional visional rehabilitation surgery to the modern refractive surgery. It has become the target that surgical incision should be minimized as small as possible so to obtain the best postoperative visual function. Because microincision cataract phacoemulsification is well known as an important method for realizing that target, it is getting more and more concern. In this paper, with review of relative literatures, the development history of microincision cataract phacoemulsification is briefly discussed and the influences of microincision cataract phacoemulsification on corneal astigmatism, corneal endothelial cells counting and postoperative vision are emphatically described. It is forecasted that under the assistant of femtosecond laser, the microincision cataract phacoemulsification will be more widely applied in clinic.