目的：探讨白内障超声乳化手术中各种参数对角膜内皮细胞的影响。 方法：随机选取55例白内障患者，经晶状体核分级后，行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。术中记录超声能量、时间和累积释放能量（CDE）, 并测量术前和术后1wk术眼角膜中央区内皮细胞密度、六角细胞比例改变，应用SPSS 17.0软件对数据采用逐步回归分析对数据进行处理。对角膜内皮细胞密度和六角细胞比例下降的影响因素性进行分析，找出影响角膜内皮细胞损害因素。 结果：术前和术后1wk的角膜内皮细胞密度分别为2685.78±413.39个/mm²和2524.39±557.80个/mm²，六角细胞比例为53.04±9.68%和49.82±9.39%。与术前相比，术后角膜内皮细胞密度明显下降、六角细胞比例有所减少。研究发现对角膜内皮细胞影响最强的因素为核硬度（P=0.000），其次为超声乳化累积释放能量（P=0.041）和超声乳化时间（P=0.046）。根据统计学分析均有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。 结论：晶状体核分级程度、超声乳化时间长短以及超声能量大小是角膜内皮细胞损伤的主要危险因素。因此提高手术技巧，减少术中超声乳化的时间，降低无效超声能量的释放，能够有效降低对角膜内皮细胞的损害。

AIM:To investigate the effect of various parameters on corneal endothelial cells in cataract surgery. METHODS:All 55 cases of cataract patients were randomly selected by lens nuclear grade. With cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, intraoperative ultrasound energy, time and the cumulative releases of energy (CDE) were recorded. Before and 1 week after surgery the central corneal endothelial cell density of the region, the proportion of hexagonal cells were measured. Stepwise regression analysis of the data using software SPSS 17.0 were processed. Affecting factors on the decline of corneal endothelial cell density and hexagonal cell proportion were analysed to identify factors that affect the corneal endothelial cell damage. RESULTS:Before and 1 week after surgery, corneal endothelial cell density was 2685.78±413.39/mm² and 2524.39±557.80/mm², hexagonal cells proportion was 53.04±9.68% and 49.82±9.39%. Compared with the preoperative,postoperative corneal endothelial cell density was significantly decreased and the proportion of hexagonal cells decreased. Statistics found that the strongest influence factor on the corneal endothelial cell was nuclear hardness (P=0.000), followed by the cumulative release of phaco-emulsification energy (P=0.041) and phacoemulsification time (P=0.046). According to statistical analysis they were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The degree of lens nuclear grade, phacoemulsification ultrasound energy and the length of phacoemulsification time are major risk factors on the corneal endothelial cell damage. Therefore, improving surgical techniques, reducing intraoperative phaco-emulsification time, reducing the release of invalid ultrasonic energy can effectively reduce the corneal endothelial cell damage.