目的:探讨宁夏地区角膜病发病情况及特点。方法:收集2008-01/2010-08在我院住院治疗的角膜病患者181例临床资料,对其进行整理和分析。结果:在各种角膜疾病中,感染性角膜病占92.3%(167/181),大泡性角膜病变、角膜化学伤和角膜热烫伤、暴露性角膜炎、免疫性角膜溃疡占7.7%(14/181)。感染性角膜病中主要为病毒性角膜炎占54.2%(98/181),其次细菌性角膜溃疡占17.7%(32/181)、真菌性角膜炎占17.1%(31/181)、混合性角膜炎3.3%(6/181)。真菌性角膜炎的发生率农村明显高于城市,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。病毒性角膜炎汉族发生率与回族发生率相同,回汉两民族之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),和以往的病毒性角膜炎的发生率与种族无关的观点相同。角膜刮片细胞学检查与细菌培养的阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。角膜刮片查真菌菌丝阳性检出率较高(31.7%)。我们的病原体检测阳性率为45.3%,低于全国水平。结论:宁夏地区各种角膜疾病中,感染性角膜病占首位。感染性角膜病中以单纯疱疹性角膜炎最多。单纯疱疹性角膜炎的发病率回族与汉族相同,这和以往的观点相同。刮片细胞学检查具有取材方便、不需要特殊仪器、结果快速、可重复检查等优点,可作为感染性角膜病病原学检查的一种常规检查方法。

AIM:To explore the characteristics of keratopathy in Ningxia Region.METHODS:Totally 181 cases of keratopathy who were hospitalized in our hospital from Jan.2008 to Aug.2010 were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 181 cases of keratopathy,92.3%(167 cases)were infectious keratopathy,7.7%(14 cases)were bullous keratopathy,chemical and thermal burns of cornea,exposure keratitis,immune corneal ulcer.Among the infectious keratopathy,viral keratitis was the main cause,accounting for 54.2%(98 cases);bacterial corneal ulcer was second,accounting for 17.7%(32 cases);then fungal keratitis accounting for 17.1%(31 cases);mixed keratopathy 3.3%(6 cases).The incidence of fungal keratitis in countryside was obviously higher than that of in-town,while there was significant difference between them(P<0.01).The incidence of viral keratitis in Han Majority People was the same as that in Hui Minority People,and there was no significant difference between the two People(P>0.05),which was in accordance with former opinion that the incidence of viral keratitis was not associated with race.There was no significant difference between the positive rate of cytological examination of cornea scrapers and the positive rate of germiculture(P>0.05).The positive rate of hyphae of cornea scraper examination was rather high at 31.7%.The positive rate of pathogen examination was 45.3%,lower than the average rate of the country.CONCLUSION:Among all kinds of keratopathy in Ningxia Region,infectious keratopathy is the chief type,while simple herpes keratopathy is the main type of infectious keratopathy.The incidence of simple herpes keratopathy in Hui Minority People is the same as that in Han Majority People,which is in accordance with former opinion.Cell scraper examination is convenient and no need of special machine.The method is quick and can be repeated easily.Cell scraper examination can be the routine examination of infectious keratopathy.

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