RESULTS:The average follow-up time was 3.8a. Pupil area transparent, no residual membrane remains, pupil rounded center, sensitive to light, lens anterior capsule pigment residue 8 eyes, pupils are not round 5 eyes. The intraocular pressure of 33 eyes increased in varying degrees after operation, with a difference of 1.04kPa(4mmHg)before and after treatment and returned to normal after reduced intraocular pressure treatment. No anterior chamber bleeding, lens injury and other complications.

CONCLUSION:For PPM, which has a single filamentous or strip effect on visual function, is treated by laser. Severe membranous or reticular PPM affects the development of visual function in patients. Surgery is an effective method for the treatment of PPM. Early detection, early treatment is conducive to patients to obtain useful vision, for some patients with amblyopia visual function training, or combined with fundus disease treatment to provide favorable conditions.]]> 2020/8/19 19:18:43 Hai-Gang Li, Guo-Yi Cui, Xiao-Yu Sun and Hai-Feng Jiang 59true METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 6 cases of double superior muscle palsy admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to January 2019. After the failure of conservative treatment, rectus muscle transplantation optimization was adopted to observe the improvement of preoperative and postoperative eye position, vertical strabismus, motor function of upper and lower rotation of paralytic eye, as well as the improvement of pseudo ptosis and compensated head position.

RESULTS: After the restriction was lifted, rectusmuscle transplantation optimization was performed. The original in situ vertical strabismus degree before surgery, one month and six months after surgery were(49.83 ± 6.55)PD,(2.67±2.07)PD, and(1.83±2.40)PD. There was a significant difference in vertical strabismus before and after 1mo and 6mo of operation(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the comparison of vertical strabismus between 1mo and 6mo of operation(P=0.899). All patients had the orthotopic position in postoperative position, and the paralysis function of the paralyzed eyes improved significantly after the operation; Pseudopterygoptosis in four cases and compensatory head position in two cases before operation were significantly improved after operation.

CONCLUSION: Optimization of rectus muscle transplantation is suitable for unilateral superior rotation deficiency with limitation of inferior rectus, which can effectively improve the superior rotation function of affected eye with stable curative effect.]]> 2020/8/19 19:18:43 Ling-Ling Liang, Zheng-Mao Xing and Hong-Fei Liao 58true METHODS:Totally 30 cases(32 eyes)of chronic dacryocystitis were selected between January 2014 to June 2016, all of them were treated with laser-assisted endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy combined with mitomycin C and stent intubation. The stent was moved at 6wk after surgery in generally. The clinical effect was observed.

RESULTS: After 6-15mo of follow-up, 28 eyes were cured(88%), 3 eyes were improved(9%), and 1 eye was ineffective(3%). The total effective rate was 97%.

CONCLUSION: Laser-assisted endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with stent intubation is effective and safe in the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis.]]> 2020/8/19 19:18:43 Pei-Hui Zhou and Xuan-Wei Liang 57true METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 10 patients with bullous keratopathy treated in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 in our hospital, including 4 males(4 eyes), 6 females(6 eyes). Descemet stripping automatic endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK)was performed with every patient. In addition to the conventional surgical procedures, the surgical technique such as the setting of the anterior chamber perfusion tube, the design of the incision, and the peripheral corneal puncture during the operation were performed. Follow-up for 6mo, the recovery of corneal grafts and postoperative dislocations, double anterior chambers, and other complications were observed, including best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), anterior segment optical coherence tomography, corneal endothelial cell count and incidence of postoperative complications.

RESULTS: All patients had smooth surgery, no intraoperative complications occurred, and no postoperative dislocations or interlaminar effusions occurred; postoperative intraocular pressure was normal, and the BCVA was improved to different degrees than before surgery. The symptoms such as tearing and photophobia gradually reduced from 1d after surgery, and completely relieved after 2wk. Corneal stroma edema decreased within 1mo after operation, and the central corneal thickness(596.8±19.11μm)was significantly thinner than that before operation(874.0±58.64μm). During the follow-up period, all patients were stable and the corneal grafts remained transparent, but the corneal endothelial counts were reduced to varying degrees.

CONCLUSION: The application of surgical techniques in DSAEK can significantly reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications, improve the safety of surgery, and has clinical value in bullous keratopathy.]]> 2020/7/22 11:16:01 Yan Cheng, Jie Wu, Hai-Feng Zhu, Ling Hui and Bo Li 56true METHODS: A retrospective collection of 105 cases(105 eyes)of cataract patients with corneal opacities who underwent cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation at the Army Eye Center of Xinjiang Military Region General Hospital from January 2014 to March 2019. All patients received cataract phacoemulsification removal and intraocular lens implantation. Apply the trypan blue capsule staining agent during the operation and observe the anterior capsule staining, the success rate of continuous annular capsulorhexis, the rupture of the posterior lens capsule and the implantation of the intraocular lens capsule. Patients were followed up at 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery. Observe the success rate of capsulorhexis during operation, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR)before and after surgery, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS: All patients underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. During the operation, all continuous ring-shaped capsulorhexis were successfully completed through the application of trypan blue capsule staining(trypan blue)dye, and other measures including application of iris hook and irisotomy were taken. A foldable intraocular lens was implanted in 105 eyes. After 3mo of follow-up observation, the BCVA of the operation eye was 0.82±0.10 compared with the preoperative BCVA 3.12±0.14,and there were statistical differences(t=174.893, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Cataract phacoemulsification can safely and effectively improve the vision of patients with cataract and corneal opacity. The application of assistive technologies such as capsule staining, iris hooking, and iris resection can effectively reduce the risk of cataract surgery in patients with cataract and corneal opacity, improve the safety of surgery, and increase the success rate of surgery.]]> 2020/7/22 11:16:01 Yong-Li Yang, Xu Zhang and Xiao-Wei Gao 55true METHODS: Forty-five cases(90 eyes)with DR in Xi'an No.3 Hospital from October 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, including 25 males and 20 females, aged from 45-76(59.52±15.78)years. There were 25 males and 20 females. Average age were 59.5 years. All patients were examined with ophthalmoscope and UWFA.

RESULTS: Depending on ophthalmoscope, 12 eyes with no DR, 42 eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), and 36 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), diagnosed by the standard method. 22 eyes of 90 eyes received retinal photocoagulation, including 8 eyes received panretinal photocoagulation(PRP). Depending on UWFA images, peripheral microaneurysms were demonstrated in 8(67%)of 12 eyes with no DR. Peripheral retinal neovascularizations were detected in 4(10%)of 42 eyes with NPDR and in 12(33%)of 36 eyes with PDR. Peripheral vascular nonperfusions were found in 28(67%)of 42 eyes with NPDR and in 26(72%)of 36 eyes with PDR. Peripheral vascular nonperfusions and peripheral retinal neovascularizations also were found in 4(50%)of 8 eyes, which treated by PRP.

CONCLUSION: UWFA demonstrates peripheral lesions beyond standard fields, which can allow early detection of DR, and a close evaluation of eyes with retinal photocoagulation.]]> 2020/7/22 11:16:01 Lian Chen, Peng Zhang, Lu-Xi Li, Ke He, Xiao-Qing Li and Zhao Jiang 54true METHODS: Seventeen eyes in 17 patients with RVO-ME were treated with intravitreal injection of sustained-release IDI. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT)and superficial retinal vascular network were observed at baseline, 1d, 1mo, 2mo, 3mo, 4mo and 6mo.

RESULTS: CMT was significantly reduced from baseline by 24h after injection and improved further during the 3mo follow-up, and the improvement of visual acuity was consistent with that of CMT. OCTA showed improvement from baseline in terms of decreased number and size of cysts and restoration of the retinal vascular network. A slight increase in intraocular pressure was observed in 2 eyes after injection. There were no systemic side effects associated with injection or medication during follow-up.

CONCLUSION: CMT reduced as early as 24h after the injection of IDI, with further reduction during follow-up, and OCTA could visually observe the changes of retinal vascular network in macular area.]]> 2020/7/22 11:16:02 Chan Li, Hui-Qin Lu and Yan Suo 53true METHODS: A total of 10 patients(13 eyes)with IIIA Lattice corneal dystrophy were continuously examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The data were observed and analyzed.

RESULTS: The normal corneal nerve of Bowman's membrane(Grade 0)of IIIA LCD patients gradually decreased with the prolongation of observation time. The nerves of grade I to V involved(amyloid-wrapped nerve fibers)gradually increased correspondingly. So suggested that the corneal nerve invasion of Bowman's membrane(amyloid deposits)in patients with IIIA LCD were gradually increasing with time.

CONCLUSION: In patients with type ⅢA lattice corneal dystrophy, there is a neurotropic phenomenon in Bowman's membrane, which gradually worsens with the aggravation of the lesion. This lesion can explain the recurrent epithelial damage of the IIIA LCD from some degrees. Continuous observation of patients with type IIIA LCD by corneal laser confocal microscopy can well understand the development of the lesion and explain its clinical manifestations.]]> 2020/6/22 14:51:58 Chun Zhang, Can Cheng, Fang-Wei Ying, Jie-Xuan Lyu, Bao-Tao Lin, Li Yu, Ping Guo, Dan-Yao Nie and Ming Li 52true METHODS: A retrospective study about all the infants diagnosed with ROP and treated with anti-VEGF from June 2016 to October 2019 in our hospital. They were divided into recrudescence group(8 cases)and non- recrudescence group(48 cases). The relationship between various clinical risk factors and the recrudescence of ROP after anti-VEGF treatment were considered. Those risk factors included birth weight, gestational age, thrombocytosis, anemia, coagulation disorder, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, pneumonia, intracranial hemorrhage, patent foramen ovale, and patency ductus arteriosus.

RESULTS: According to single-factor analysis, birth weight and intracranial hemorrhage showed statistically significant differences between recrudescence group and non-recrudescence group. Logistic regression analysis showed low birth weight(OR=9.800, P=0.039)and intracranial hemorrhage(OR=17.571, P=0.002)had relationship with recrudescence of ROP after anti-VEGF.

CONCLUSION: Low birth weight(<1 000g)and intracranial hemorrhage are the risk factors about recrudescence of ROP after anti-VEGF.]]> 2020/5/25 15:43:04 Xue Yin, Hui Yang, Zheng Fu, Na Wang and Wei-Wei Xiong 51true METHODS: This is a retrospective study. Data are acquired from patients who diagnosed with cataract combined with subluxated lens between November 2018 to May 2019 in the ophthalmological center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. There are 11 eyes in 11 patients(9 males and 2 females), 10 eyes were caused by trauma and 1 eye was unknown. Cataract combined with subluxated lens were treated with different surgery procedures according to the degree of dislocation. Four eyes with lens dislocation larger than 270° underwent intraocular lens suspension; Four eyes with lens dislocation about 180° underwent IOL and tension ring implant in capsular, at the same time, the iris hook was hooked to the lens capsule bag and fixed to the sclera. Three eyes with lens dislocation less than 180° underwent IOL implantation combined with 5-0 polypropylene suture, iris hook was also hooked to the lens capsule bag and fixed to the sclera. If the anterior chamber has vitreous prolapse, anterior vitrectomy was performed. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP)were observed before and after surgery.

RESULTS: All eyes were successfully implanted with intraocular lens(IOL). Best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR)increased from 0.77±0.26 to 0.35±0.28. Mean IOP decreased from 24.33±13.55 to 13.85±3.80mmHg. No intraoperative complications occurred in all cases.

CONCLUSION: In the treatment of lens dislocation with cataract, individualized surgical plan and flexible treatment measures can make cataract surgery safe and effective.]]> 2020/4/26 11:24:12 Jie Wang, Qi-Ping Liu, Hui-Feng Lou and Er-Gang Du 50true METHODS: Totally 10 353 primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 were selected through the method of cluster stratified sampling in the central area and rural-urban area of Shashi. The number of students with myopia was 5 456, and the prevalence rate was 52.70%. A total of 10 353 on-site questionnaires were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for related factors.

RESULTS: The subjects of this survey were 8 primary and secondary schools in the central area and 6 primary and secondary schools in suburban area. The prevalence of myopia was 60.34% in the central area and 11.43% in rural-urban area(P<0.01). Outdoor activities and correct reading and writing gesture are preventive factors for myopia. Three risk factors for myopia include age, time spent on electronic devices and continuous working hours after class.

CONCLUSION: The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Shashi district of Jingzhou city is at a high level, especially in the downtown area. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of adolescent myopia, schools and families should make joint efforts to increase time of outdoor activities, and improve the eye environment for adolescent.]]> 2020/4/26 11:24:13 Shu-Qiong Hu, Hui-Yu Jin, Jing-Hua Zhao and Yuan Long 49true METHODS: Totally 23 eyes of 21 patients with corneal edema after intraocular surgery in our hospital from June 2016 to April 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The degree of corneal edema and the descemet's membrane detachment(DMD)were observed by AS-OCT. The patients with mild or above descemet's membrane detachment were treated with anterior chamber gas tamponade, the patients with other corneal edema were treated with drug conservative treatment, and the corneal edema and adhesion of descemet's membrane were observed.

RESULTS: In this study, 21 patients(23 eyes)had corneal edema of different degrees, 14 eyes with descemet's membrane detachment,11 eyes with mild or above descemet's membrane detachment were re-examined by AS-OCT one day after anterior chamber gas tamponade. 10 eyes had good adhesion, 1 eye had poor adhesion, and the adhesion was good after anterior chamber gas tamponade again. After 1mo follow-up, the cornea of all the patients recovered to be transparent and their vision recovered well.

CONCLUSION:AS-OCT can timely and accurately diagnose and evaluate descemet's membrane detachment and its therapeutic effect.]]> 2020/3/25 14:45:43 Hong-Yan Zhai, Ying-Li Lu and Xiu-Guang Shen 48true METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 1 165 cases of adverse reactions in patients with retinal laser photocoagulation in our hospital.

RESULTS: The present study included 50 patients with adverse reactions in 1 165 patients(4.29%), including 13 patients with nausea and vomiting(1.12%), 21 patients with dizziness, chest tightness, cold sweat(1.80%), 4 cases with yawning and drowsiness(0.34%), 12 cases with syncope(1.03%), and no death. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between men and women(3.68% vs 5.14%, χ²=1.474, P=0.225); there was a difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among patients of different ages(χ²=48.817, P<0.05)and under 40. The incidence of adverse reactions was higher than that of patients aged 40 and older, and the incidence of adverse reactions in men under 40 was significantly lower than that in women(8.46% vs 18.60%, χ²=6.094, P=0.014). The adverse reactions of patients with different fundus diseases were different.

CONCLUSION: The incidence and degree of postoperative adverse reactions in patients with fundus diseases treated by retinal laser photocoagulation are different, so we should understand the history and mental state of the patients in detail before operation, and prepare the patients with high risk factors and possible serious reactions in time to ensure the safety of the patients.]]> 2020/3/25 14:45:43 Xiao-Dong Lian, Yan-Hong Dai, Rui-Zhen Ye, Zi-Yan Huang and Xue-Xi Li 47true METHODS: It was a retrospective case series study. The general clinical data and related ocular manifestations in 15 patients(26 eyes)with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome associated with secondary glaucoma in our hospital from January 2003 to January 2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS: Age of the patients ranged from 3-month to 43 years old, and the median age was 11 years old. There were of all 11 patients(73%)had bilateral glaucoma and 4(27%)had unilateral glaucoma. In the aspect of clinical features, hypoplasia or deficiency of the iris was found in 20 eyes(77%), peripheral iridocorneal adhesions was found in 17 eyes(65%)in various extent, and pupil distortion or multiple-pupil was found in 14 eyes(54%); Also posterior embryotoxon was found in 14 eyes(54%)as well; And 11 eyes(42%)had anomalies in corneal size. That root of iris is located at a more anterior position than that of a normal eye was found in all affected eyes by gonioscopy, coupled with different extent of angle synechiae-closure. According to the data, in 15 patients only two had a family history of ARS, while 5 had systematic abnormalities, eyes excepted, in dental, maxillary, cardiovascular, et al. Anti-glaucoma surgeries including trabeculotomy, trabeculectomy, glaucoma valve implantation were performed in 20 eyes. Nine patients(11 eyes)were followed up for 59mo on average. Intraocular pressure was significantly lower than pre-operation(t=2.4185, P=0.0362), and intraocular pressure in 7 followed-up eyes was controlled ≤21mmHg. The long-term success rate of surgery was 64%.

CONCLUSION: The clinical features of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome associated with secondary glaucoma were diverse. The patients might concomitant with other systematic dysplasia. Although it was tough to treat, surgery for glaucoma could reduce the intraocular pressure effectively.]]> 2020/3/25 14:45:44 Ji-Ying Shen, Wei-Ying Zhang and Hai-Ke Guo 46true METHODS: Twenty-one patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy who met the inclusion criteria and were treated in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups. The group A(9 patients and 9 eyes)was treated with 3+Q12W scheme, namely, 0.5mg conbercept ophthalmic injection was intravitreally injected every 4wk for 3 consecutive times, and then 1 time every 12wk. In the group B(12 patients and 12 eyes), 3+TAE scheme was carried out, that is 0.5mg conbercept ophthalmic injection was intravitreally injected every 4wks for 3 consecutive times. The time of next injection was determined according to the evaluation results of each visit. The interval to the next visit/treatment was ≥ 4wk and ≤ 12wk. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central retinal thickness(CRT)and the frequency of injection were compared between the two groups at 12 and 48wk after treatment, respectively.

RESULTS: BCVA of the group A was 74.78±11.23 letters and 74.67±13.94 letters at 12 and 48wk after treatment, which increased by 7.00±4.21 letters and 6.89±4.48 letters at the baseline before treatment, respectively. BCVA in the group B was 77.83±5.46 letters and 77.58±8.59 letters respectively at 12 and 48wk after treatment, which were 8.75±7.54 letters and 8.50±5.60 letters higher than the baseline before treatment. At the 12 and 48wk after injection, the average CRT in the group A was 276.33±44.34μm and 240.56±40.11μm, respectively, which were 43.22±42.21μm and 79.00±53.64μm lower than the baseline before treatment. At the 12 and 48wk after injection, the average CRT in the group B was 271.58±63.08μm and 241.00±43.91 μm, which were 57.42±45.33μm and 88.00±61.16μm lower than the baseline before treatment, respectively. The average times of intravitreal injection of conbercept were 6.00±0.00 and 7.75±1.14 times in the 3+Q12W group and the 3+TAE group, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Two different regimens of conbercept could reduce the CRT and improve the visual acuity of the patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. And the times of intravitreal injection in the 3+Q12W administration group were less than those in the3+TAE administration group.]]> 2020/3/13 19:44:01 Zhou-Peng Liao, Shao-Ping Ha, Xue-Jun Hu and Hai-Jun Liu 45true METHODS: Retrospective case series. From Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2017, 14 patients(15 eyes)with PCV combined with VH were treated by microincision 25G vitrectomy in our hospital and were followed up for at least 6mo. Data of medical history and follow up observation were collected. The main outcome measures included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ultrasonography, color fundus photography, fundus angiography, optical coherence tomography, and surgical complications. To analyze the difference of the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR)between pre-operation and postoperation, and to summarize the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of the cases.

RESULTS: Totally 11 cases had history of hypertension. 9 eyes were diagnosed with PCV before vitrectomy. The follow-up period was from 6-36mo. All 15 eyes were treated with microincision 25G vitrectomy. During the operation, 3 eyes were silicone oil tamponade in the vitreous cavity, 2 eyes were gas tamponade, and the remaining eyes were balanced saline solution tamponade. Postoperative complications included progressed cataract in 2 eyes, recurrent VH in 1 eye, high intraocular pressure in 1 eye, and recurrent retinal detachment in 0 eye. The BCVA before surgery was 2.78±0.46, and the last follow up BCVA after surgery was 1.15±0.50. Postoperative BCVA was significantly improved compared with the preoperation(t=11.14, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Microincision vitrectomy is a safe and effective way to treat PCV with VH, which can improve the visual acuity of patients with PCV companied with VH. The history of hypertension may be a risk factor for PCV with VH.]]> 2020/3/13 19:44:01 Yan Yang, Jing Li, Jun Liang and Wei Gu 44true METHODS: Totally 62 cases(62 eyes)of primary pterygium were randomly divided into group 1(32 eyes)and group 2(30 eyes). After pterygium excision, conjunctival-limbal autografts was performed in group 1 and PRF grafts was performed in group 2. PRF was prepared by centrifugation and compression of venous blood from patients before the surgery. The follow-up period was 6mo. The surgery time, complications and recurrence rate were evaluated and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The operation time of group 1 and group 2 were 27.3±4.3min and 22.0±4.0min respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups(t=4.990, P<0.01). Conjunctival granuloma developed only in one eye in group 2 after the surgery, and there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2(P=0.484). Pterygium recurred in one eye in group 1 and in one eye in group 2. There was also no significant difference in recurrence rate between group 1 and group 2(P=1.000). There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between group 1 with 14.69±2.44mmHg and group 2 with 14.96±2.93mmHg before the surgery(t=0.399, P=0.691). As well, there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between group 1 with 14.68±1.65mmHg and group 2 with 15.11±2.12mmHg after the surgery(t=0.888, P=0.378). The dissolution time of PRF membrane in PRF grafts group was 3.5±0.8d.

CONCLUSION: The use of PRF in pterygium surgery is safe, effective, easier and timesaving. It's a promising method for clinical application.]]> 2020/3/13 19:44:01 Qiu-Ya Zhao, Yi-Qiao Xing, Lei Du and Si-Yu Zeng 43true th 2020, more than 55 000 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been confirmed in China, which has a great impact on economy and society, and also seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice of ophthalmology. In order to protect ophthalmology medical staff from SARS-CoV-2 infection during the outbreak period, this paper suggests the necessary medical protective measures for ophthalmology outpatient and ward.]]> 2020/3/13 19:44:02 *, Xian Zhang^* and Xu-Fang Sun]]> Bo Chen^*, Xian Zhang^* and Xu-Fang Sun 42true METHODS:This study involved 5 patients who underwent SF-PCIOL with the modified Yamane's technique, from December 2017 to September 2018. The longest follow-up time was 12mo, and the primary outcomes included uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA, LogAMR)and bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR), intraocular pressure and the location and stability of IOLs.

RESULTS: The BCVA of 3 patients were ranged from 0.0 to 0.1 by the time of following up 12mo postoperatively. The difference between the spherical equivalent refraction and the predicted spherical equivalent refraction was in a range of 0.11-0.62 diopters. In the other two cases, at 3mo after the surgery, the UCVA was 0.2 for one case, and the BCVA was the same as preoperative corrected visual acuity for another case, where the patient manifested corneal leucoma and macular edema prior to surgery. During the follow-up period, the flanges and the IOL haptics of all the recruited patients were maintained in an ideal position, the optics were located in center of the pupils, and no visible IOL decentration or tilt was observed. Neither hypotony nor other complications were discovered in all the cases.

CONCLUSION: For SF-PCIOL by using modified Yamane's technique, smaller incisions and shorter operation time are feasible, and the need for scleral flaps, sutures and fibrin glue is eliminated. The IOLs are well centered and fixed securely. A learning curve is necessary to master this surgery technique. As revealed by our initial observation, the surgery is capable of producing satisfactory and consistent postoperative outcomes for patients with fewer postoperative complications as long as the crucial points are fully understood.]]> 2020/1/19 11:26:26 Hui Jiang, Hao Chen, Shang-Fei Yang, Li-Wen Feng and Wei Fan 41true METHODS: Totally 19 malignant glaucoma patients(19 eyes)admitted in Leshan Ophthalmological Center from January 2016 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Main outcomes of best corrected visual acuitv, intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth and complications were closely observed.

RESULTS: IOP were recovered by drug treatments in 7 eyes to anterior chamber depth. 3 eyes were treated by peripheral iridectomy combined with posterior capsule of lens and anterior vitreous membrane excision with YAG laser. 5 eyes were treated by cataract phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation combined with posterior capsule excision and anterior vitrectomy. 1 eye was treated by vitrectomy.1 eye developed to malignant glaucoma during operation was treated by trabeculectomy combined with cataract phacoemulsification after vitreous water-bag was punctured. The post-treatment IOP(14.43±3.46mmHg)significantly declined compared with pre-treatment IOP(31.25±5.19mmHg), the post-treatment anterior chamber depth(2.64±0.47mm)significantly deepened compared with that of pre-treatment(0.69±0.57mm). The best corrected visual acuity in LogMAR before treatment was 0.71±0.25, after the treatment of 0.34±0.19(P<0.05). There were no serious complications except 1 case with low intraocular pressure and choroidal detachment.

CONCLUSION: It is necessary to fully evaluate the specific conditions of patients after the occurrence of malignant glaucoma and adopt individualized treatments according to patient's condition.]]> 2020/1/19 11:26:26 Xiao-Li Chen, Li Bin and Zhi-Ke Xu 40true METHODS: Six cases of subretinal PFCL residual cases were surgically removed. Before and after operation, we assessed best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)features of retina and choriocapillaris.

RESULTS: Subretinal PFCL in the range of more than 1/5PD in diameter and 2PD in the fovea were completely removed in all cases, macular was reattached and visual acuity was improved in varying degrees. The OCTA features of two patients showed that the changes of blood flow in the superficial retina of the PFCL were small, the deep inner retinal layers blood flow disappeared, and the choriocapillaris signal were different according to the quantity of PFCL bubble.

CONCLUSION: Large PFCL bubble can be removed surgically, and small PFCL outside the macula can be observed for a long time. OCTA is helpful to observe the size and morphology of retained subretinal PFCL, and to analyze the structure and function of the retina and choroid in the lesion.]]> 2020/1/19 11:26:26 Lai-Qing Yang, Cang-Xia Zhang, Guang-E Luo and Han-Xiao Ge 39true METHODS: We selected 25 patients(25 eyes)whom were diagnosed as choroidal rupturein in this retrospective observational case. All patients underwent fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA), indocyannine green angiograph(ICGA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)and OCTA examinations.

RESULTS: All the patients showed the lesions were mostly located in the macular area or on the temporal side of the optic disc, with a yellow-white arc hyperreflexia with stripes shape, it can be accompanied by retinal choroidal edema and subretinal hemorrhage. In the early stage of FFA, it showed a curved shape window defect of choroidal rupture, and fluorescent staining in the late stage. When secondary to choroidal neovascularization(CNV), the active CNV showed a hyperfluorescence leakage. SD-OCT showed the reflex of outer retina and choroidal capillary layer were ruptured, the reflex of the surrounding tissue were reinforced, the subretinal small cluster hyperreflexia can be seen. The granulation tissue showed an arc hyperreflexia with “stripe shape” in the outer retinal and choroid capillary layer of OCTA angiogram image. On the B-scan, it showed an inwardly bulge or outwardly recess shap, with blood flow signal inside. When secondary to CNV, vascular morphology can be seen clearly, most of them were cluster shape, which is different from the granulation tissue.

CONCLUSION: Although the granulation tissue and CNV of choroid rupture showed cluster shap and blood flow signal on OCTA, there were significant differences in morphology and tissue composition between them. Through the display of OCTA stratification and the detailed observation of the lesion, the diagnosis rate of secondary CNV in choroidal rupture can be improved.]]> 2020/1/19 11:26:26 Yue Zhao, Jian Liu and Jin Yao 38true METHODS: Totally 33 cases diagnosed of traumatic cyclodialysis were brought into observation. After accurately dialysis location of ciliary body through ultrasonic biological microscope, all cases received modified ciliary body reposition surgery. The period of follow-up was three to six months after surgery. The observation items included ciliary body status, intraocular pressure, visual acuity and complications and so on.

RESULTS:Among them, 30 cases were completely reposition during 1wk after surgery, 3 cases were found partial cyclodialysis, and then after half a month the three cases above got desirable outcome. Twenty cases were observed high intraocular pressure after surgery, 17 cases of which had high intraocular pressure returned to normal in 3d, 1 case of which had high intraocular pressure returned to normal in 1wk. 2 cases of which had high intraocular pressure were out of control through medicine, finally received anti-glaucoma surgery in 1 case, and the other one case underwent ciliary body laser photocoagulation and the high intraocular pressure was effectively controlled. Postoperative visual acuity was improved to some extent. There was no anterior segment ischemia or corneal macro astigmatism in all cases.

CONCLUSION:The modified reposition surgery in treating traumatic cyclodialysis is a simple, safe, effective, less iatrogenic injuries and fewer complications. It is worthy of clinical application.]]> 2019/12/20 14:54:00 Peng-Fei Liu 37true METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 59 cases(59 eyes)from June 2018 to December 2018 with lower lacrimal canalicular laceration. The nasal cut end of lacerated lacrimal canaliculi was found under the microscope, the circular tube was implanted as a support. The tube was removed 3mo after the surgery. All the patients were followed additional 3mo. The therapeutic effect and complications were observed.

RESULTS: All patients were successfully operated. 46 cases(46 eyes)were cured, 5 cases(5 eyes)were improved, 8 cases(8 eyes)had no effect. The overall successful rate was 86%(51/59). No serious complications and eyelid deformity were found.

CONCLUSION: The anastomosis surgery combined with circular tube implantation is an effective treatment for the lacrimal canaliculi laceration.]]> 2019/12/20 14:54:00 Yu-Wei Zheng, Yu-Xin Xu, Qian-Qian Wan, Ting-Ting Shen and Zheng-Xuan Jiang 36true METHODS: A retrospective review of 19 patients with complex orbital fractures were conducted. They underwent the reconstructive surgery assisted by image-data-based computer navigation. The pre- and postoperative data of enophthalmos, eyeball movement, diplopia, infraorbital numbness, and orbit CT image were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS: The processes of pre-operation planning and intraoperative navigation were successful. During the 6 to 18mo postoperative follow-up, enophthalmos was completely corrected in 14 cases, while 5 patients had slight residual enophthalmos. Eyeball movement restriction was completely corrected in 7 cases, and was also improved in 3 cases. Diplopia was disappeared in 10 patients and improved in 2 patients, but still maintained in 1 patient postoperatively. Infraobital numbness was found in 4 cases, and dissappeared in 6mo postoperatively. No serious complications such as optic nerve lesion and vision loss were observed. Postoperative CT scans demonstrated that the fractures were corrected in all cases. The accuracies of the surgeries were satisfying.

CONCLUSION: Computer navigation system is a safe and effictive technique in assisting diorthosis in complex orbital fracture.]]> 2019/12/20 14:54:00 Jiong Liu, Zheng-Yu Yu, Guang Yang, Jian-Ming Fu and Jing Wang 35true METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 48 eyes in 48 cases of orbital fracture, all patients were treated with resorbable implants for orbital fracture repair. During operations we exposed fully fracture defect range and returned the tissues that entered the paranasal sinus. A resorbable implant was trimmed to proper sizes according to the fracture defect range and fixed with 2 absorbable screws. The accuracy of plate positioning of the reconstructed orbit and the practicability of clinical use of resorbable implant were judged by the ophthalmic examination and computed tomography(CT)scan before and after operation.

RESULTS: All the patients completed the operation successfully and had no serious complications during or after surgery. All the patients had a good anatomical restoration by the postoperative CT scan. One year re-examination after operation, among 18 eyes with limitation of extraocular muscle movement(EOM)before operation 1 eye(6%)with limitation of EOM improved after surgery,17 eyes(94%)with limitation of EOM got cured. Among 30 cases with diplopia before operation 12 cases(40%)with diplopia improved after surgery, 18 cases(60%)with diplopia got cured. Among 32 eyes with enophthalmos before operation 10 eyes(31%)with enophthalmos improved after surgery, 22 eyes(69%)with enophthalmos get cured. Among 40 eyes with suborbital skin numbness before operation 33 eyes(82%)with suborbital skin numbness improved after surgery, 7 eyes(18%)with suborbital skin numbness got cured. Only one eye got lower eyelid entropion after surgery and was resolved by the second correction of entropion.

CONCLUSION: The resorbable implant can repair the fractures of orbital wall well. It is a better material of orbital fracture repairment.]]> 2019/12/20 14:54:00 Wei Liu, Shao-Rui Liu, Wo-Dong Shi, Ting Wang, Mei Ye and Miao Zhang 34true METHODS: Fifty-six patients(88 eyes)who had epiphora due to puncta stenosis or atresia from March 2018 to July 2019 were enrolled in Jinan mingshui eye hospital. All patients underwent punctoplasty by using trabeculectomy punch combined with a lacrimal ductule blocking core. The core was removed at 2wk after operation. A follow-up of 3mo was taken for final analysis. The epiphora scores, the gradation of punctal morphology and fluorescein staining disappearance test were analyzed pre- and postoperatively.

RESULTS: The epiphora scores 3mo after surgery was decreased compared with the preoperative ones. Both the punctal morphology and the fluorescein staining disappearance test were significantly improved 3mo after surgery. One patient had second puncta atresia due to scar hyperplasia after removing the core. The total effectiveness was 98%, of which 81 eyes(92%)were cured compeletely and 5 eyes(6%)were improved significantly. Only 2 eyes(2%)had no effect. No intraoperative complications were observed and minor complications rate was 7%.

CONCLUSION: Punctoplasty combined with lacrimal ductule blocking core implantation is a safe and effective new method for the puncta stenosis, which is easy to perform and improve the effect of punctoplasty.]]> 2020/11/19 16:34:51 Chao-Qing Wang, Qi Li, Pei-Yan Shi, Wen-Xiao Gao and Na Li 33true METHODS: Totally 21 patients(21 eyes)with neovascular glaucoma who met the inclusion criteria in our hospital from January 2015 to May 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. They were treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept before operation, EX-PRESS aqueous humor drainage nail was implanted after iris neovascularization disappeared 5-10d, and panretinal photocoagulation 2-3wk later. Intraocular pressure(IOP), visual acuity, recurrence rate of iris neovascularization and postoperative complications were observed after 12mo follow-up.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in intraocular pressure at different time before and after EX-PRESS aqueous drainage nail implantation(F=18.513,P<0.05). There was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity of EX-PRESS(P=0.008). At the last follow-up, the operation was completely successful in 18 eyes(86%), the condition was successful in 2 eyes(9%), and the total success rate of operation was 95%. Recurrence of iris neovascularization occurred in 1 eye(5%), shallow anterior chamber in 1 eye(5%)and high IOP in 5 eyes(24%).

CONCLUSION: Implantation of EX-PRESS aqueous humor drainage nail combined with PRP can effectively reduce the intraocular pressure of neovascular glaucoma and can be widely used in clinical treatment.]]> 2020/10/22 16:19:31 Hai Huang and Wei Zheng 32true METHODS: Totally 56 eyes of 56 patients diagnosed with unilateral IMH were included(2014-05/2015-12). All patients received pars planar vitrectomy, indocyanine green assisted inner limiting membrane peeling combined with intraocular +12%C₃F₈ tamponade. Patients with cataract received phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Choroidal thicknesses were measured at 9 points before and at 1, 3 and 6mo after the surgery, namely the fovea, 1mm and, 3mm above, below, nasal and temporal to the fovea.

RESULTS: Preoperative SFCT value was 233.43±84.638μm, and at 1, 3, 6mo follow-up SFCT were 242.46±88.199μm, 238.97±89.252μm, and 236.71±88.661μm, respectively. SFCT at 1mo after surgery was significantly increased compared to preoperative thickness(P<0.05). 1, 3, and 6mo after the surgery the choroidal thickness at 3mm below the fovea(ICT_3mm)(179.63±62.941μm, 179.74±65.981μm, 180.80±58.379μm)gradually increased compared with those before the surgery(170.89±57.040μm). However, there was no significant difference between ICT_3mm values at each time point. 1, 3, and 6mo after the surgery the choroidal thickness at 1mm below the fovea(ICT_1mm)(216.31±80.297μm, 214.54±75.693μm, 205.69±68.697μm)compared with those before the surgery(207.37±67.502μm)have statistical significance. Compared 6mo after the surgery with 1mo after the surgery have statistical significance with ICT_1mm values at each time point(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: SFCT of the study eyes showed a transient increase at 1mo follow up, then gradually returned to the base line. As the macular hole successfully closed, the choroidal thickness didn't not show difference compared with baseline, indicating that the decreasing in choroidal thickness is possibly the cause to the formation of the macular hole, not the results. IMH postoperative choroidal thickness values change by location, which may be due to the oppression by the injected gas in the macular hole surgery.]]> 2020/10/22 16:19:31 *, Rui-Jie Xi^*, Peng-Fei Chen, Jun-Fang Shi, Li Dai and Yu-Hua Hao]]> You Han^*, Rui-Jie Xi^*, Peng-Fei Chen, Jun-Fang Shi, Li Dai and Yu-Hua Hao 31true METHODS: The objects of study were 32 patients with silicone oil eyes hospitalized in Jingliang Eye Hospital from March 2018 to September 2019. Enrolled patients were provided with standard three-channel incision for vitrectomy, with 23G perfusion and lighting as well as 20G suction incision at 10 o'clock. Silicone oil removal was then conducted by using minimally invasive 23G vitrectomy instrument and modified 18G needle. Further examination was performed to observe the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, pain comfort, silicone oil residue, choroidal detachment, retinal detachment 1d, 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after operation.

RESULTS: All the 32 patients underwent operation successfully, and there was stable intraocular pressure and no fluctuation during operation. The removal time of silicone oil was about 10-15min, and no complications occurred intraoperatively. Postoperative 3-month follow-up 3 revealed no vitreous hemorrhage, choroidal detachment and retinal reattachment.

CONCLUSION: The modified minimally invasive 23G combined with standard 20G three-channel vitrectomy is simple, safe, stable and effective for silicone oil removal.]]> 2020/10/22 16:19:31 Chun-Chang Zheng, De-Quan Li, Xun Zhang, Run-Ping Lin and Jun-Hui Xu 30true METHODS: It was a retrospective case series study. A total of 12 cases of orbital solitary fibrous tumors were recruited from April 2013 to August 2018 in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital. Color Doppler sonography and MRI plain scan and DCE-MRI were applied in all cases.

RESULTS: Of 12 cases, 7 cases were males and 5 were females, with the duration of symptoms ranged from 3mo-20y, with an average course of 3.2y; 6 cases were the primary cases and 6 cases were relapse cases. All lesions involved one side of the orbit, of which 8 cases were in the left orbit and 4 in the right. Of 12 cases, there were 5 tumors in intraconal space, 3 in the extraconal space, and 4 in intra and extraconal space. Well-circumscribed lesions showed oval shape in 9 cases and the left 3 were irregular. 12 cases showed hypoechoic and 2 cases heterogeneous signal on color Doppler sonography; All cases had flow signals on CDFI, and showed arterial spectrum on PW. On T1WI, all lesions demonstrated isointense. On T2WI, 5 lesions showed hypointense, 3 lesions showed isointense and 4 lesions slight hyperintense, of which 3 lesions showed heterogeneous signal. After contrast enhancement, all cases demonstrated markedly enhancement, with homogeneous enhancement in 10 cases and heterogeneous enhancement in 2 cases. The time-intensity curves(TIC)of 7 cases exhibited a rapid washout pattern, and 5 cases a rapid plateau pattern on DCE-MRI.

CONCLUSION: Color Doppler sonography features of orbital SFT include hypoechoic and flow signals. Heterogeneous signals on T2WI, marked enhancement, and a rapidly enhancing and slow washout pattern TIC on DCE-MRI are the typical MRI features of orbital SFT.]]> 2020/9/17 16:45:34 Yan-Hui Liu, Tian-Ming Jian, Feng-Yuan Sun and Dong-Run Tang 29true METHODS: Retrospective case study. Five patients(5 eyes)who underwent bioengineered keratoplasty for infectious keratitis from Sep.2018 to Dec.2020 and were immunologically rejected included. All observers were monocular. Slit-lamp was used to examine corneal transparency and corneal neovascularization. The cornea was dynamically observed under laser confocal microscopy, the density of subepithelial langerhans cells and stromal inflammatory cells was recorded after graft rejection, and the contralateral eye was used as the control group for statistical analysis. The infiltration and distribution of CD4⁺ cells, CD8⁺ cells and inflammatory cells were observed after immunohistochemical staining of bioengineered corneas during corneal allograft.

RESULTS: Confocal laser microscopy showed that a large number of langerhans cells were activated under the corneal epithelium of the intraoperative eye, and the activation ratio was significantly different from that of the contralateral eye(χ²=38.29, P<0.001). The stromal layer was rich in inflammatory cells, which was significantly different from that of the contralateral eye(t=32.5, P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining and HE staining were performed on the bioengineering corneal tissue. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells were observed in all corneal stromal layers, and only one case had a large number of eosinophils.

CONCLUSION: Immunopathology of rejection after bioengineered keratoplasty confirmed that T-cell-mediated cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis, and hypersensitivity to xenoantigen may be involved in it.]]> 2021/8/18 21:33:03 Yan Cheng, Jie Wu, Hai-Feng Zhu, Ling Hui and Mi Hao 28true METHODS: Medical records of 103 patients(103 eyes)who underwent allogeneic scleral transplantation combined with random flap plasty in the treatment of moderate and severe deep and full-thickness eyelid defect from June 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were followed up for 1-6mo after operation was performed to evaluate the postoperative effects of the resorption and compatibility of allogeneic sclera, the survival situation of skin flaps, eyelid appearance, eyelid closure, eyelid scar.

RESULTS: Follow up observation from 1-6mo after operation, the allogeneic sclera was gradually replaced by the receptor tissue, allogeneic sclera in the inner layer of the eyelid was covered with conjunctival cells, allogeneic sclera and skin join closely together in the outer layer of the eyelid. There was no rejection in allogeneic sclera. All patients had survived skin flaps, good eyelid shape, natural eyelid closure, and no scars.

CONCLUSION: The allogeneic sclera transplantation combined with random flap plasty has curative effect in the repair of moderate and severe deep and full-thickness eyelid defect. It has both function and aesthetics result, and it is suitable for clinical promotion.]]> 2021/8/18 21:33:03 Ming-Min Gao and Feng Xing 27true METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed 10 cases(10 eyes)with severe ocular trauma which had accepted FCVB implantation performed in Affiliated Xiaolan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2018 to July 2020. Ciliary body function was judged by score which was made by preoperative examination results. The case which scored 5 or less was studied as ciliary failure: 8 eyes scored more than 5, 2 eyes scored 5 or less. Followed up for 1-31mo, the postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure, anterior chamber, retinal reattachment, FCVB condition and adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTS: The operations of 9 eyes with aphakia eyes were successful. Iridodialysis occurred during the operation of 1 eye with lens. Retinal reattachment was found in all 10 eyes, and the position of FCVB in all patients was proper. There was no severe adverse reactions. Comparing the preoperative and postoperative BCVA and intraocular pressure, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). In the group(8 eyes)that ciliary body function scored more than 5, 2 eyes had a supplementary operation individually, 1 eye underwent 2 supplementary operations. In the group(2 eyes)which scored 5 or less, supplementary operations were performed 5 times in 1 eye, only 1 time in the other one case.

CONCLUSION: Implantation of FCVB is a safe option to treat severe ocular trauma. But the postoperative visual acuity cannot be improved. The ciliary body function associates with persistent intraocular hypotension and shallow anterior chamber after FCVB implantation.]]> 2021/6/24 15:28:04 Song-Zhe Gao, Xue-Mei Zhong, Qian-Ru Li and Xin-Huai Yang 26true CYP4V2 gene in two Chinese families with Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy(BCD)by Sanger sequencing.

METHODS: The relevant clinical examination of BCD patients were collected. Peripheral blood of patients and their family members was collected. Then DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutation sites.

RESULTS: Two probands of BCD from different families were collected. All the probands showed progressive decrease of visual acuity and typical crystal-like material deposition could be seen in the fundus. Sanger sequencing showed that proband 1 and her brother and sister all had homozygous mutation of c.802-8_810del17insGC in CYP4V2 gene. On the other hand, proband 2 had a compound heterozygous mutation of c.219T>A(p.F73L)and c.802-8_810del17insGC in CYP4V2 gene.

CONCLUSION: The most common mutation was c.802-8_810del17insGC in Chinese BCD patients. The homozygous c.802-8_810del17insGC mutation was the cause of BCD in the proband 1 family. On the other hand, proband 2 had c.802-8_810del17insGC heterozygous mutation and c. 219T>A(p.F73L)heterozygous missence mutation, all of which affected the normal coding of CYP4V2 gene and led to disease.]]> 2021/5/20 16:38:41 Ji Yang, Chun-Ling Wei, Juan Zhang, Zhu-Lin Hu and Kang-Wei Jiao 25true METHODS: The clinical data of 37 cases(37 eyes)with lacrimal canaliculus rupture admitted to Handan Eye Hospital and Handan Central Hospital from March 2016 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. New silicone tubes were retrograde implanted in all patients during the operation. 8-0 absorbable sutures were used to anastomose the broken end of the lacrimal canaliculus, 6-0 absorbable sutures were used to anastomose the “medial canthus ligament-orbicularis” complex intermittently, and muscle, subcutaneous tissue, skin wounds and conjunctival wounds were sutured intermittently. The catheter was extubated 2-3mo after operation, and the lacrimal passage patency and lacrimal ectorrhea were observed for 6-12mo.

RESULTS: Totally 31 eyes(84%)were cured, 5 eyes(14%)were improved, and 1 eyes(3%)was ineffective. The total effective rate reached 97%. None of the patients had lacrimal dot tearing, abnormal location of lacrimal dot, angulation deformity and other related complications, and 1 invalid eyes(3%)was combined with bone lacrimal tubule fracture, without obvious lacrimal ectorsion symptoms.

CONCLUSION: The new type of silicone tube combined with retrograde catheterization has the characteristics of simple operation, light postoperative stimulation, safe catheterization state and significant anastomosis effect. The retrograde catheterization can better protect the small lacrimal spots.]]> 2021/5/20 16:38:41 Ning Chen, Shuai Huang, Ji-Tao Zhang, Li-Kun Guo, Hai-Peng Ma, Juan Liu and Na Liang 24true +vitrectomy combined with fixation by sclera suture through vitreous cavity in the treatment of Bigbag IOL-bag complex dislocation of high myopia.

METHODS: Totally 13 patients(15 eyes)of high myopia with Bigbag IOL-bag complex dislocation enrolled in this respective study. All cases underwent 25G⁺ vitrectomy. The vitreous body wrapped around the complex was cleaned and the heavy water was injected into the vitreous cavity to make the IOL float to the pupil area. The IOL was suspended and fixed on the sclera through the vitreous cavity. One case(1 eye)with macular hole was treated with inner limiting membrane peeling combined with gas injection, and laser photocoagulation was performed on 1 case(1 eye)with retinal hole.

RESULTS: The postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)(16.75±6.71mmHg)was similar to the preoperative IOP(17.45±6.81mmHg)within normal limits(t=1.635, P=0.360), and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR)at 1wk postoperatively were ameliorated from 1.31±0.33 to 1.03±0.29(t=4.126, P=0.017). No significant difference was noted between preoperative(2388.93±405.04cell/mm²)and postoperative(2345.92±399.59cell/mm²)counting of corneal endothelial cell(t=2.323, P=0.279). Corneal transparency and position of IOL kept normal and no complications such as choroid detachment, retinal detachment, bleeding or secondary glaucoma was recorded in the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION: 25G vitrectomy combined with fixation by sclera suture through vitreous cavity contributes to the anatomical repair and visual function recovery of patients of high myopia with Bigbag IOL-bag complex dislocation.]]> 2021/2/24 14:14:57 Ze-Jun Xu, Bo Dai and Shan Lin 23true METHODS: Totally 19 patients(19 eyes)who were diagnosed with RAO in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients were diagnosed of RAO after ophthalmologic examination, including 13 eyes of central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO), 5 eyes of branch retinal artery occlusion(BRVO)and 1 eye of RAO with sparing of cilioretinal artery. The best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp, OCT, MCI, FFA and visual field were performed on the patients, and the examination results and image data were analyzed.

RESULTS: Totally 12(63%)eyes showed dullness or disappearance of pupil response to light, 16(84%)eyes showed total or partial paleness and edema in the posterior pole of retina, and 10(53%)eyes showed narrowing of retinal artery by slit-lamp examination. FFA examination was performed in 10 cases(53%). However 9 cases were not examined, including 6 cases with serious systemic diseases, 2 cases rejecting to be checked and 1 case with drug allergy. All the patients showed specific manifestations in both MCI and OCT examination, and the typical highly reflectivity of inner retinal layers in OCT formed tight one-to-one relationship with the green ischemic area in MCI.

CONCLUSION: RAO can be diagnosed quickly by MCI combined with OCT, and their image characteristics can accurately identify the retinal ischemic areas, which can help for disease classification and prognosis.]]> 2021/2/24 14:14:57 Yan-Hua Liang, Yong-Xiong Li, Guo-Shun Huang, Shu-Wen Ou, Wan-Ming Lin and Xiu-Qing Huang 22true METHODS: A retrospective study, we collected the clinical data of 10 patients(18 eyes)diagnosed retinopathy of pigment incontinence from March 2019 to August 2019. The patients were all female children, and they were 2 weeks-42 months old. The children's medical and family histories were recorded in detail, and fundus color photography and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed.

RESULTS: The results of fundus examination of 18 eyes of 10 children showed that 1 eye with stage 1, FFA showed that the retina was scattered with abnormal blood vessels, and there was no leakage in the late stage, and we will return to this regularly. 6 eyes with stage 2, FFA showed abnormal vascular anastomosis in the retina, and no obvious neovascularization, and all underwent laser photocoagulation. 9 eyes with stage 3, FFA showed fluorescence leakage of retinal neovascularization and fluorescence obscuration of preretinal hemorrhage, all of which underwent anti-VEGF vitreous injection combined with laser photocoagulation; 2 cases had monocular disease and the opposite eye was normal. 2 eyes with stage 4 and 1 eye with stage 4a, FFA showed that the optic disc and macula were pulled to the peripheral retina and partial retinal detachment, and vitrectomy was performed; 1 eye with stage 4b, the anterior segment was photographed, and a white mechanical film was behind the lens, B ultrasonography of the eye showed retinal detachment, and vitrectomy was performed.

CONCLUSION: This article preliminarily confirmed that fundus fluorescein angiography can assist in the staging and treatment of IP retinopathy, and had guiding significance for its follow-up treatment. However, there was no unified standard for the treatment of various stages of disease, and more clinical data were needed.]]> 2021/2/24 14:14:57 Jiao-Jiao Jiang, Qi Zhang, Zhi-Xiang Ding and Mei-Yuan Qiu 21true METHODS:The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients who underwent PPC-ICL implantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, from July 2017 to July 2018, to measure the sulcus-to-sulcus(hSTS)distance of the eyes using a Compact Touch STS ultrasound biomicroscope and lens curvature(LC), Pentacam was used to measure horizontal-white-to-white(hWTW), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and the vault one year after the operation. Moreover, AS-OCT was used to measure the CLR and horizontal iridocorneal angle-to-iridocorneal angle diameter(ATA).

RESULTS:CLR was negatively correlated with ACD(r= -0.706, P<0.01)and vault one year after the operation(r= -0.509, P<0.01); however, it was positively correlated with LC(r=0.667, P<0.01). There was no correlation between CLR and hWTW(r=0.123, P=0.275), ATA(r=0.208, P=0.065)and hSTS(r=0.147, P=0.194). One year after the operation, there was a positive correlation between the vault and ACD(r=0.680, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:CLR has obvious correlation with ACD and LC, arch height after PPC-ICL and has a specific effect on the prediction of the vault after PPC-ICL implantation.]]> 2021/1/19 16:56:29 Jing Wang, Zhuo-Yun Wang, Ting Xu and Li-Ming Tao 20true METHODS: This was a retrospective study, 8 patients(8 eyes)with CCS after cataract phacoemulsification. Eight eyes were treated by CBRS for a second continuous curvilinear capsularrhexis(CCC). Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), diameter of the anterior capsule opening, absolute spherical equivalent and Intraocular astigmatism were observed before and 1wk after operation.

RESULTS: BCVA were significantly improved. The diameter of the anterior capsule opening were increased form(2.53±0.80)mm to(5.19±0.53)mm(P<0.01). The intraocular astigmatism were decreased form(-2.22±0.51)D to(0.44±0.55)D(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: CBRS is an effective method for patients with CCS.]]> 2021/1/19 16:56:29 Wei Qiu, Ying-Ying Gong and Yan-Yun Jiang 19true METHODS: A total of 228 children(250 eyes)aged from 6mo-3a with congenital dacryocystitis treated in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2019 were included. They were assigned into three groups by age: 133 patients(149 eyes)aged from 6mo-1a(Group A), 62 patients(64 eyes)aged from 1-2a(Group B), and 33 patients(37 eyes)aged from 2-3a(Group C). All patients received lacrimal duct probing in surface anesthesia combined with postoperative tobramycin eye drops.

RESULTS: The probing cure rates of congenital dacryocystitis among there groups were 97.3%(Group A), 92.2%(Group B)and 83.8%(Group C), respectively. No adverse events reported. Through comparison of these three groups, the cure rate of children from 6mo-1a was the highest. The difference was statistically significant(P=0.009).

CONCLUSION: Lacrimal duct probing is effective in the treatment of congenital dacryocystitis, and it is safe and reliable to combine tobramycin eye drops(TOBREX)after surgery. The best time for treatment is 6mo-1a. The operation is simple, less complication, with high clinical value.]]> 2020/12/22 18:57:50 Wen-Xi Zhou, Yan-Ting Li, Wan-Jie Wang, Ling Zhang, Sheng Li and Na Gao 18true METHODS: In this prospective study, 47 patients with moderate to severe MGD were treated with azithromycin aerosol fumigation combined with meibomian gland massage. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire, noninvasive tear breakup time(NI-BUT), tear meniscus height and atrophic rate of meibomian glands were recorded at baseline, at 1mo after treatment, and at 3mo after treatment.

RESULTS: The OSDI was 21.43±13.14, the first NI-BUT was 9.03±6.09s, the average NI-BUT was 9.72±4.05s, and the tear meniscus height was 0.24±0.09mm after 1mo of treatment. The OSDI was 23.02±11.41, the first NI-BUT was 7.80±4.82s, the average NI-BUT was 10.25±4.78s, and the tear meniscus height was 0.24±0.09mm after 3mo of treatment. Compared with the baseline, the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05); There was no significant difference in OSDI, first NI-BUT, average NI-BUT and tear meniscus height between 1mo after treatment and 3mo after treatment(all P>0.05). Compared with baseline, there was no significant improvement in atrophic rate of meibomian glands after 1mo of treatment and 3mo after treatment(all P>0.05). In addition, azithromycin aerosol fumigation administration was well tolerated and no adverse reactions were observed during follow-up(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Azithromycin aerosol fumigation combined with meibomian gland massage can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and increase first NI-BUT, average NI-BUT, tear meniscus height of patients with moderate to severe MGD.]]> 2020/12/22 18:57:51 Jian-Qin Yu, Lu Li, Jie Zhang, Xue-Wen Chen, Jun-Hua Li and Zu-Hui Zhang 17true 2021/10/22 21:57:40 Shan Liu, Chuan-Qi Zhou, Jun-Hu Shi, Ping Bai, Li-Hua Song, Hui-Xing Wang and Jian-Wei Yang 16true 2021/10/22 21:57:41 Wei Lao, Fang Liu, Xiao-Jun Shen, Huan Huang and Lin Zhou 15true OAT gene in a Chinese family affected with gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina(GA)and describe their clinical manifestations.

METHODS: All available family members have underwent detailed ophthalmological examinations. The sequencing results and pathogenic mutations were clarified by whole exome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS: Based on the clinical manifestations and symptoms, the proband was diagnosed with GA. A missense mutation of c.722C>T(p.P241L)in exon 6 and a nonsense mutation of c.1186C>T(p.R396X)in exon 10 were identified in the OAT gene of the proband, which was a compound heterozygotic mutation. This compound heterozygous mutation showed co-segregation in the family. The heterozygous pathogenic variant of p.R396X was detected in both the proband's father and elder brother, and the heterozygous pathogenic variant of p.P241L was detected in proband's mother. Except for the proband, no other family members have abnormal clinical manifestations.

CONCLUSION: The proband of this family is a compound heterozygous mutation, in which p.P241L is the first reported gene mutation type. This result expands the range of OAT gene variation and is conducive to further understanding the pathogenic factors of GA at the molecular basis level. The discovery and confirmation of the novel mutation type will also help to provide a new basis for the clinical diagnosis and gene therapy of GA.]]> 2022/3/24 15:57:55 Wen-Hua Zhang, Han-Dong Dan, Xiao-Li Li, Zi-Xu Huang and Zong-Ming Song 14true METHODS: Clinical data of 33 patients diagnosed with IP from January 2014 to December 2018 in Hunan Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The follow-up was 1a. All the patients underwent ocular examinations and systemic physical examinations. Patients received treatments according to their fundus condition.

RESULTS:Totally 31 female patients and 2 male patients, who aged from 5d-23mo at first visit, with the average age 3.38±5.02mo. There were 14 patients had ocular anomalies, including corneal opacity(1 case, 1 eye), cataract(1 case, 1 eye), exotropia(2 cases, 2 eyes)and retinopathy(14 cases, 23 eyes). In the 14 patients with ocular anomalies, one patient died due to neuropathy, one patient underwent vitrectomy in the right eye and fundus fluorescence angiography(FFA)combined with retinal laser photocoagulation in the left eye, one patient had lensectomy and vitrectomy in the right eye and FFA combined with retinal laser photocoagulation in the left eye during the follow-up. At the last follow-up, one of the 13 surviving patients with ocular anomalies had retinopathy of IP stage 1, while retinal lesions regressed in other patients.

CONCLUSION:The ocular manifestations of IP are diverse, which is identified with retinopathy. Standard ophthalmic fundus screening and regular follow-up are of great significance.]]> 2022/3/24 15:57:55 Jing Qiao, Lin-Hui Xie and Yu-Lin Luo 13true METHODS: From August 2018 to January 2019, the researchers collected six premature cases of FEVR from Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. All 6 infants born prematurely had examinations of fundus photography and fluorescein angiograms under anesthesia. Medical history and angiographic features were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS: Six infants born prematurely were initially misdiagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity ROP. All underwent injection anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)drug into vitreous body cavity subsequently, two of whom were treated with injection anti-VEGF drug into vitreous body cavity twice. Six infants born prematurely had follow-up examinations of fundus photography and fluorescein angiograms with the machine of Retcam digital imaging system under anesthesia, they were eventually diagnosed as FEVR. Then 2 cases were treated with laser photocoagulation, 1 case was treated with injection anti-VEGF drug into vitreous body cavity combined laser photocoagulation, 1 case was treated with injection anti-VEGF drug into vitreous body cavity, 2 cases maintain the follow-up visit.

CONCLUSION: Clinically, premature infants FEVR, tend to be misdiagnosed as ROP initially. If the demarcation line separating the avascular from the vascular retinal regions presents persistent or the condition turns to be worse, more examinations will be required to confirm the diagnosis such as fluorescein angiograms under anesthesia. FEVR is a lifelong disease, its symptoms, if present, typically take a progressive course during childhood and adolescence. Early diagnosis of FEVR is crucial due to its progressive nature and the genetic/familial underpinnings of the condition. The correct identification of those FEVR patients can help them receive timely treatment and genetic counseling for those of child-bearing age.]]> 2022/2/24 14:17:26 Jin-Rong Li, Qi Zhang, Yan-Hua Zheng, Xiao-Chun Mao and Jing-Jing Li 12true METHODS: From January 2015 to January 2021, the researchers collected postoperative pathological diagnoses cases of AOXGD from Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), retrospectively analyzed clinical pathological data, and reviewed related literature.

RESULTS: A total of five AOXGD cases were collected, including three cases of adult-onset xanthogranuloma(AOX), one case of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma(NBX), and one case of Erdheim-Chester disease(ECD). The five patients were composed of middle-aged and elderly patients with local orbital lesions were treated. Microscopic examination revealed that the orbital skin and subcutaneous tissue had foam-like non-Langerhans histiocytes that exhibited diffused or nested infiltration. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells were positive for CD68, CD163, FXⅢa, lysozyme, negative for S100, CD1a, Langerin, HMB-45, MDM2. One ECD patient had orbital lesions as the first symptom and exhibited a combination of retroperitoneal lesions, right atrium pseudotumor, and long bones, heart, kidney lesions. The diagnosis of AOXGD depends on clinical manifestations and pathological features. The treatment was based on subtypes and clinical manifestations to select corresponding strategies, which mainly include the administration of glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and surgical treatment.

CONCLUSION: AOXGD is relatively rare in clinical practice. AOXGD can manifest as a local orbital disease or an orbital disease combined with a systemic disease. In the clinical and pathological work of ophthalmology, the understanding and identification of this group of diseases should be strengthened, and correct diagnosis and standard treatment should be promoted.]]> 2021/12/21 20:43:55 Ying Zhao, Feng-Mei Cai, Hui Liu, Man Niu, Ling-Ran Zhi, Cui-Hong Liu, Ya-Lou Wang, Jia Wang and Hui-Fang Wang 11true METHODS: A prospective, single center study was conducted to compare and analyze the cancellation of daytime surgery in two time periods. The control group was from June 2018 to June 2019, only routine nursing and health education were implemented. The patient in the intervention group were from October 2019 to October 2020, add the telephone interview of the day before operation was added by the nurses in the ophthalmic operating room.

RESULTS: The main reasons for canceling the operation included upper respiratory tract infection, abnormal blood glucose, abnormal blood pressure and physiological period, abnormal preoperative examination results, and patients didn't follow the doctor's advice to use preoperative eye drops. In the control group, there were 16 974 cases scheduled for daytime operation, 16 332 cases actually operated, and the cancellation rate of operation was 3.78%(642 cases cancelled). In the intervention group, 17 694 cases were scheduled for daytime operation, and 17 296 cases were actually operated, with the cancellation rate of 2.25%(398 cases cancelled). The disease distribution and cancellation reasons of the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Telephone interview can effectively reduce the cancellation rate of ophthalmic daytime operation, provide targeted and personalized pre-hospital guidance for patients, improve the compliance of patients and their families to complete preoperative preparation, reduce the psychological anxiety of patients before operation, and improve the medical experience of patients.]]> 2021/12/21 20:43:56 *, Ying Liang^* and Hong Yan]]> Xiao-Jing Liu^*, Ying Liang^* and Hong Yan 10true METHODS: This retrospective, observational case series study enrolled patients with AACE examined from June 2018 to May 2021 in Guangdong Jiangmen Central Hospital. The age when attacked, the duration of excessive near work before illness, symptom, refraction, AC/A, deviation and near stereopsis were analyzed. All 20 patients had unremarkable neurological finding by imageological test.

RESULTS: Most patients whose mean age was 24.25±5.78 years immersed in near work for more than 6h a day before illness. All patients seeked for medical help because diplopia with normal ocular motility in all directions of gaze and meaningless finding in routine ophthalmologic examinations. They were all nearsightedness whose mean spherical equivalent was -5.73±5.09D, while mean AC/A was 2.65±1.16 within the upper limit. There was no different between the distant and near deviations(P>0.05). Deviations might be correlated with near stereopsis(P<0.05), however the duration from onset to treatment was irrelevant(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The clinical features of AACE in older children and adults who immersed excessive near work are medium myopia, diplopia, normal ocular motility, no neurological finding and limited AC/A. Moreover, it is approximate between distant and near deviations. The deviations affect near stereopsisd more, while the influence of duration from onset to treatment may be less.]]> 2021/12/21 20:43:56 Wei Lao, Fang Liu, Yan-Ran Huang, Jian-Cong Chen and Zhi-Cheng Shi 9true METHODS: There were 7 239 newborns subjected to eye examinations in Zhongshan City People's Hospital from December 2018 to December 2021, and RetCam3 was used to obtain eye screening images. Newborns with abnormal screening results were treated and followed up accordingly.

RESULTS: Among 7 239 newborns, 1 200(16.58%)newborns were diagnosed with abnormal eyes, including 7 cases of anterior segment abnormalities and 1 193 cases of fundus abnormalities. Among 7 cases of anterior segment abnormalities, 2 cases were congenital cataract, 2 cases were pupillary residual membrane, and 3 cases were corneal leukoplakia. Among 1 193 cases of fundus abnormalities, 1 141 cases were retinal hemorrhage(RH), and 19 cases were retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). In addition, there were 6 cases of ROP-like in term infants.

CONCLUSION: Neonatal ocular abnormalities mainly develop in the posterior segment of the eye. Neonatal eye disease screening in general hospitals is beneficial to early detection and treatment of neonatal ocular diseases.]]> 2022/10/28 16:28:17 Gang Wang and Nai-Yang Li 8true METHODS:A prospective study. A total of 32 aphakic patients(32 eyes)with an average age of(44.56±8.48)years who underwent modified four-point fixed intraocular lens suspension implantation in our hospital from October 2020 to May 2021 were selected. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), corneal astigmatism, intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed before and after operation.

RESULTS:The mean follow-up of all patients was(4.84±0.64)mo. The preoperative UCVA(LogMAR)was 1.25±0.42 and the last follow-up was 0.5±0.25(P<0.001). The preoperative BCVA(LogMAR)was 0.41±0.19 and the last follow-up was 0.42±0.19,(P >0.05). The preoperative corneal astigmatism was(1.17±0.64)D and the last follow-up was(1.20±0.59)D(P>0.05). There were no intraoperative complications, but 2 eyes had low intraocular pressure, 1 eye had high intraocular pressure and 2 eyes had corneal edema occurred after operation. There were no complications of hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, macular cystoid edema, corneal endothelial decompensation, inclination or eccentricity of intraocular lens and exposure of suture.

CONCLUSION:The modified four-point fixed intraocular lens suspension implantation can significantly improve the postoperative visual acuity of aphakic patients without additional corneal astigmatism,and with fewer complications.]]> 2022/9/22 16:19:11 Jia-Fei Chen, Chao-Hui Gu, Yan Fu and Qing Li 7true METHODS:A total of 13 patients(13 eyes)with traumatic single lacrimal canaliculus rupture were treated in our hospital. RS lacrimal duct drainage tube was inserted into the lacrimal duct from intact lacrimal canaliculus to fill the nasolacrimal duct, then sodium hyaluronate gel was injected to make sodium hyaluronate gel overflow from the nasal broken end of fractured lacrimal canaliculus, which was used to locate the nasal broken end which was difficult to find and completed the lacrimal anastomosis operation.

RESULTS: Among the patients with 13 eyes who were difficult to find the broken end, the nasolacrimal duct was filled with RS lacrimal duct drainage tube. After injection of sodium hyaluronate gel, the gel overflowed from the nasal broken end under direct vision of the microscope, and the lacrimal duct drainage tube was successfully inserted, and the success rate of finding the broken end was 100%. Thirteen eyes were extubated after being placed for 3mo, and then were followed up for 6mo. Among them, 9 eyes were cured, 3 eyes were markedly effective and 1 eye was ineffective. The cure rate was 69%, and the total effective rate was 92%.

CONCLUSION: A new technique for rapid location of nasal broken end is proposed for patients in which are difficult to find the broken end. This method is simple to operate and requires a relatively low clinical experience. It is suitable for patients with different degrees of single lacrimal canaliculus rupture and can complete complex lacrimal canaliculus rupture anastomosis in a short time.]]> 2022/9/22 16:19:11 Rong Bai, Yu Zhao and Yan-Yan Wang 6true 2023/8/22 13:56:48 Jia-Qi Zhang, Yi-Hao Xia, Feng-Lin Xia, Jing Qiu, Run-Xi He, Xiao-Dong Li, Xue-Jun Xie 5true 2023/6/21 14:36:15 Juan Zhu, Tao Chen, Hua-Lei Chang and Mao-Fei Feng 4true METHOD: A POAG pedigree was reviewed and recruited from January 2020 to December 2020, which spans 5 generations, with 33 people in total. A total of 13 family members were enrolled in our study, of whom 4 members were diagnosed with POAG, 1 with ocular hypertension(OHT), and the other 8 members were unaffected. Detailed medical history was collected and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed. High throughput sequencing was used to screen for possible pathogenic gene, and Sanger sequencing was used to verify candidate pathogenic gene.

RESULT: All patients in this family were found to have elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and diagnosed with glaucoma at a young age, requiring surgical treatments to control the IOP. The highest IOP of proband was up to 55mmHg. A heterozygous mutation(c.1197C>A, p.Phe399Leu)of LTBP2 gene was found in the proband genome by whole exon sequencing(WES). Sanger sequencing verified that the mutation was not isolated from the family disease.

CONCLUSION: LTBP2 (c.1197C>A)mutation was not the pathogenic gene of POAG in this family. However, the pathogenic potential of LTBP2 gene in POAG cases is worth studying.]]> 2023/1/4 15:06:24 Juan-Juan Xie, Ying Chen, Guo-Wei Zhang, Hai-Yue Cui, Meng-Yao Hao, Shao-Wen Wang, Zhen Jia, Chun-Long Xu and Hong Lu 3true 2023/10/24 9:37:24 Zi-Jie Chen, Yu-Kai Mao, Ning Fan, Yan-Fen Hong, Xu-Yang Liu 2true METHOD:Retrospective analysis of clinical data. The clinical data of 12 cases of type III Duane retraction syndrome with unilateral lateral rectus recession were analyzed. All subjects had restricted internal rotation, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and vertical deviation, and restricted external rotation with widening of the palpebral fissure. All patients had abnormal head positions. The degree of strabismus was measured while maintaining the head in a neutral position. Asymmetric recession of bilateral lateral rectus was selected based on the degree of strabismus of affected eye or 1～3mm longer, with a smaller recession and Y-splitting in the affected eye and a larger recession in the healthy eye.

RESULT:The difference in the degree of strabismus in the healthy eyes before and after surgery was statistically significant(Z=-4.158, P<0.01), as was the difference in the degree of restricted internal rotation(Z=-2.640, P=0.008). The difference in the degree of restricted external rotation was not statistically significant(Z=-1.732, P=0.083). The difference in abnormal head position was statistically significant(Z=-4.181, P<0.01), while the difference in eyeball recession was not statistically significant(Z=-1.414, P=0.157). The difference in vertical deviation was statistically significant(Z=-3.115, P=0.002). A total of 10 patients(83%)had stereoscopic vision before surgery, and 11 patients(92%)had recovered stereoscopic vision after surgery, with a further improvement in stereoacuity in 50% of patients.

CONCLUSION:Asymmetric recession of bilateral lateral rectus combined with Y-splitting of the affected lateral rectus can effectively improve the degree of strabismus, abnormal head position, vertical deviation and stereoacuity without aggravating the degree of restriction of external rotation or eyeball recession.]]> 2023/9/19 10:01:22 Li-Juan Lang, Jun-Bo Rong, Li-Min Xu, Ke-Xin Guo, Lu-Xi Zhang, Zhi-Gang Li 1true