RESULTS: Totally 5 871 macular edema related articles were retrieved, it's increasing year by year. 83.87% of the total volume of documentation of the published literature was in English. American published 2 921 macular edema related articles, which accounted for 49.75% of worldwide totally published articles. 51 high frequency hot topics were gained. High frequency hot topics were clustered into 7 categories by clustering analysis, which ranked as the adverse effects of glucocorticoid treatment of macular edema, the diagnosis of macular edema, macular edema pathology/physiology, surgical treatment of macular edema, the drug treatment of macular edema, after treatment adverse reactions, macular edema after cataract extraction and phacoemulsification.

CONCLUSION: Recently international countries pay more attention to macular edema related study, and the published macular edema related articles rapidly increased, American and European countries occupy the dominant position for the number of published macular edema related articles. The international main research focus included basic research to macular edema, the diagnosis of macular edema, surgery and drugs and treatment of macular edema.]]> Ning Zhao,Chao Wan,Ning-Ning Liu,Na Cai and Lei Chen 14true METHODS:Web of Science was used for statistical sources, diabetic retinopathy literatures during 2001 and 2011 were retrieved, "the number of published articles per year, authors, source publications, subject category, literature type, literature language, institution, country/region" were analyzed by bibliometric statistical methods. Research trends, literature distribution, and any others were discussed.

RESULTS: Statistics about anesthesia for Cataract surgery researches changed from year to year a wavy trend within the Web of Science literature database. Article was the major publication form, The Johns Hopkins University was the major research institutions, and Ophthalmology was the main academic program category, "J Cataract Refr Surg" was the main source of literatures.

CONCLUSION: With the popularization of cataract surgery, anesthesia researches have become increasingly important. Exploring a safe and effective anesthesia has important clinical significance in future.]]> Jing-Hua Jiao,Zheng Su,Yu-Heng Wang,Lei Hou,Yu Shang,Jing Fu and Lei Liu 13true METHODS: A detailed family history was collected and after full clinical examination, genomic DNA of three affected and four unaffected family members was extracted from peripheral leukocytes. All exons of TGFBI gene were amplified by PCR methods and direct sequencing was carried out for mutation analysis.

RESULTS: A missense mutation c.417C>T in exon 4 of TGFBI led to an amino acid substitution R124C which was responsible for the familial disorder. This change co-segregated with all affected members of the family, but was not detected either in the non-carrier relative or control individuals.

CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the R124C mutation within the TGFBI gene in EBMD. The results broaden the relationship between genotype and phenotype of corneal dystrophy, and establish the foundation for the further molecular genetics studies.]]> Xiao-Bo Yang and Li-Juan Chen 12true METHODS: Articles were searched from PubMed of the United States national library database as a data source, to analyze the age distribution, national and regional distribution, dispatch language and author situation included during the year of 2000-2012. The analysis software BICOMB and SPSS 19.0 were used to cluster high-frequency of them.

RESULTS: Totally 3 363 literatures were included during the year of 2000-2012, the numbers of them were gradually increased. The literatures were mainly in English, the literatures of our country capacity ranked 4^th. There were 50 high frequency subjects, and hot topics were clustered into 3 categories which including corneal endothelium transplantation, treatment for the complications of corneal transplantation, immunological rejection of corneal transplantation.

CONCLUSION:There is a growing trend on the research of corneal transplantation. The corneal endothelium transplantation is the hot topics.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:13 Yu-Zhao Sun and Lei Yan 11true 2013/5/6 14:25:13 Li Wang,Yang Yang,Wen-Lan Liu and Zhen Liu 10true METHODS: This article focused on the ophthalmology residency training program in Doheny Eye Institute, combined with the experience of Wilmer Eye Institute and Jules Stein Eye Institute. The principle and purpose of continuing medical education in America was also introduced.

RESULTS: America has a scientific system for the training of clinical physicians, especially the residency training program and continuing medical education.

CONCLUSION: By learning the experience of America, we can find new ideas for improving medical care in our country.]]> 2013/4/7 15:27:41 Song Wang and Hong Yan 9true METHODS: Candidate publications from January 2000 to August 2012 were collected by searching PubMed with the MeSH word ‘traumatic optic neuropathy' and without language restriction. Bibliometric techniques used in this study included a statistical analysis of publication counts by authors, countries and journals and a co-word cluster analysis of highly-frequent MeSH/subheadings words.

RESULTS: Totally 785 articles about TON were indexed in PubMed. The United States, the United Kingdom and China were the largest three producers about TON. English was the top language. Levkovitch-Verbin H published 9 papers and ranked the top, followed by Lorber B. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science published 52 papers and ranked the top. 32 highly-frequent MeSH/subheadings words for more than 12 times occurrences in the papers about TON were extracted for cluster analysis. These words were classified into 6 aspects:(1)Surgery therapy for TON;(2)Physiopathology of optic nerve injury;(3)Pathological appearance and diagnosis of TON;(4)Animal model and drug therapy for TON;(5)Etiology of TON.

CONCLUSION: Slow growth has occurred in the research field of TON. The United States and the United Kingdom are the top 2 countries in this field. The international main research focus included 5 aspects. This study results provide important reference for domestic scholars in TON correlated scientific study and clinic therapy.]]> Yan-Li Dai,Kuo Sun,Wei Wang,Yi-Xin Zhang,Shi-Hui Wei and Hou-Bin Huang 8true 2014/7/22 8:27:37 Su-Zhong Xu,Sheng-Hai Huang,Qing-Kai Ma,De-Xi Zhu and Mei-Xiao Shen 7true 2014/5/22 9:13:03 Lei Li and Peng Li 6true METHODS:As the index word, quantity of literatures of keratoconus was retrieved in PubMed(from January 1, 1911 to November 10, 2013)and CNKI(from January 1, 1960 to November 10, 2013). The literature linear or curve regression analysis was preceded, and the growth law of the literatures and its main influence factors were determined.

RESULTS: Foreign annual cumulative amount of keratoconus literatures showed an increasing trend with the tendency charts of the exponential(y1=0.8824e^0.7937X, R²=0.9533). Domestic annual cumulative amount of keratoconus literatures also showed an increasing trend with the tendency charts of the exponential(y2=0.2441e^1.6073X, R²=0.9957). Ten PubMed core journals in ophthalmology included 1932 literatures, and 10 CNKI core journals in ophthalmology included 409 literatures.

CONCLUSION: The amount of keratoconus literatures in China and abroad show an upward trend, and keratoconus is still a hot spot of research. A major factor affecting the growth of foreign literature of keratoconus is the inherent discipline of its own development, but the major factor affecting the growth of the domestic literature of keratoconus is the environmental condition in which the subject develops.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:37 Yong Li,Yuan-Yuan Qiao,Jian-Guo Liu,Juan Li,Lu Ye,Ya-Qun Wan,Jing Li and Chang-Tai Xu 5true METHODS: A total of 300 medical postgraduates were selected by cluster sampling method as participants. The average total score of critical thinking ability and average scores of each critical thinking disposition were measured before and after EBM by using critical thinking disposition inventory Chinese version(CTDI-CV), and the differences of scores were compared.

RESULTS:The total score of CTDI-CV was more than 280 before and after EBM, which showed positive critical thinking ability. Total score of CTDI-CV significantly increased after EBM conducted(t=5.520, P<0.001). The total score of CTDI-CV for postgraduates with different gender, age, education background before college entrance, understanding EBM or not, and whether having clinical work experience or not, increased to one degree or another. The scores of 7 items of CTDI-CV were higher after EBM was carried out. The aspects of open-mindedness, analyticity, systematicity and inquisitiveness increased significantly(P<0.001). However, there were no significant difference for aspects of truth seeking(t=0.630, P=0.529), critical thinking self-confidence(t=0.509, P=0.612)and cognitive maturity(t=1.767, P=0.079).

CONCLUSION:EBM can sufficiently mobilize the students' positivity and activeness, and improve the critical thinking ability. The questioning ability of students should be strengthened and the self-confidence should be cultivated in later teaching to give full play to advantages of EBM.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:37 Wei Qu,Jia Yan,Teng-Xuan Jiang,Shu-Na Zhai and Zhi-Quan Lu 4true METHODS: The passrate of the 2013 ICO examinations taken by worldwide examiners by common statistical methods was analyzed.

RESULTS:The results indicated that the test scores of Chinese candidates' were lower than that of the international average level, there was a obvious gap existed between Chinese and other countries' ophthalmology physicians. It showed that Chinese candidates were not quite adaptable to this examination, basic science and clinical level needed to be improved.

CONCLUSION: It may shows that the effects on the mid-anaphase of our country's ophthalmology residency training are not so good, which area we should pay more attentions.]]> 2014/12/2 9:06:32 Wen Liu,Quan-Hui Zhang,Zhao-Liang Zhu,Sai-Yi Zhang and Pei-Ye Li 3true METHODS: By searching the RCT, Pubmed, BMA, EMbase, ASP, The Cochrane Library, EMCC, CBM, CNKI, CECDB, CQVIP, VIP database from January 1999 to January 2014, strict appraisal and data extraction on the quality of the included studies, using Stata/SE version 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Eight RCTS, a total of 309 patients, were included, in which 152 cases usingprobucol, 157 cases using atorvastatin. The results showed that compared with atorvastatin group, the number of macular edema patients using probucol with DME was significantly increased\〖OR=1.75, 95%CI=(1.02, 3.01)\〗, after 90d, urinary 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine significantly decreased \; but system evaluation also showed that: the differences of the two medicines on macular hard exudates were not statistically significant \〖OR=0.80, 95%CI=(0.41, 1.57)\〗, after treatment for 30d, the content of urinary 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine between two groups had no significant difference\.

CONCLUSION: Theprobucol can effectively restrain the production of lipid peroxidation, inhibit the foam cells deposition in the retina, thereby improving the symptoms. Compared with atorvastatin, the treatment of DME using probucol has better clinically effect.]]> 2014/10/31 11:03:32 Yu-Min Gui and Ming Zhao 2true METHODS: Based on geometrical optics method, Gullstrand exact model eye(No.1)and standard intraocular lens model eye, academic degree of intraocular lens by the mathematic relationship with corneal anterior curvature radius(r₁)were deduced, and corneal posterior curvature radius(r₂), corneal thickness(T), ocular visual axis(L)and effective lens position(ELP)in aphakia were analyzed.

RESULTS: The theoretical value of intraocular lens(IOL)was calculated by individual corneal data of numeration that academic degree of intraocular lens in aphakia.

CONCLUSION: Implanted correct IOL in aphakia, all kinds of which with refractive error can be rectified and come to correlation emmetropia.]]> 2015/3/9 10:14:43 Dao-Yuan Wen and Wei-Jie Wen 1true