RESULTS: After adjusting for age and multiple potential confounders, higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of ARC. Cigarette smoking, years smoked or moderate cigarette smoking(1-29 cigarettes/day)had no relation with the risk of ARC(P>0.05), although patients smoked ≥30 cigarettes per day had an elevated risk of ARC as compared with the non-smokers(OR=1.55, 95% CI; 1.16-2.85, P=0.026). Higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of ARC. Both overweight and obesity was associated with an obviously increased risk for surgically ARC(OR =1.55, 95% CI: 1.02-1.98, P=0.015 and OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.32-2.39, P=0.013 respectively)compared to normal BMI. Then participants were grouped into quartiles of BMI(Q1 to Q4), compared to controls in the lowest quartile, the OR for cases in the highest quartile of BMI was 1.54(OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.08-2.46, P=0.022). The results of univariate analysis showed cigarette smoking was not associated with ARC formation for men with lower or normal BMI(P >0.05).Compared to the non-smokers, for men of overweight or obesity, cigarette smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk for surgically ARC(OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.49-6.65, P=0.003 and OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.63-13.21, P=0.002 respectively). Similarly, smokers in the highest quartile of BMI had approximately 1.5 times the risk of ARC as non-smokers in the lowest quartile(OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-5.29, P <0.001). Followed multivariate models revealed that the association had never changed.

CONCLUSION: Current cigarette smoking was positively related to ARC only among those who smoked 30 or more cigarettes/day. For men who were both overweight and obesity, cigarette smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk for ARC.]]> Zhi-Quan Lu,Wen-Hui Sun,Jia Yan,Teng-Xuan Jiang and Shu-Na Zhai 423true METHODS: Totally 59 patients(83 eyes)with ≥0.75 diopter(D)of preexisting corneal astigmatism were divided into 2 groups: one group 39 patients(53 eyes)with Toric IOL implantation and the other group 20 patients(30 eyes)with non-Toric IOL. All patients were operated with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. We examined uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), refractive outcomes, IOL axis shift, contrast sensitivity and wavefront aberration of Toric IOL group at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months after surgery. And we contrasted UCVA, refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity and wavefront aberration of Toric IOL group with non-Toric IOL group at 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:(1)Visual acuity: The rate of achieving ≥1.0 in Toric IOL group was larger than non-Toric IOL group postoperatively.(2)Corneal astigmatism: The mean corneal astigmatism before surgery was similar with the one postoperatively in Toric IOL group.(3)Toric IOL stability: At 3 months postoperatively, the axis of IOL shift to 1-4 degree was in 22% of the eyes.(4)Contrast sensitivity(CS): The CS with different spatial frequency of all of eyes was raised significantly in Toric IOL group, and was higher than the CS of non-Toric IOL group.(5)Wavefront aberration: The mean C12, C7, C8, RMSh of post-operation were significantly lower than those of pre-operation in Toric IOL group, and C7,C8, RMSh were both lower than non-Toric IOL group.C12 of Toric IOL group were similar with non-Toric IOL group.

CONCLUSION: Toric IOL implantation showed good visual and refractive outcomes for correcting regular corneal astigmatism.]]> Xin-Juan Wan,Lin Ding and Yi Liu 422true METHODS: Totally 115 glaucoma patients 122 eyes were randomly divided into 2 groups: the treatment group of 55 patients(60 eyes), the scleral flap surgery using the L-shaped, single-needle suture method, the control group of 60 patients(62 eyes), intraoperative scleral flap using rectangular shape with two-needle suture. Postoperative intraocular pressures(IOP), anterior chamber depth, filtering bleb shape were followed up for 6 months to 36 months.

RESULTS: The postoperative IOP: until postoperative 1 month, the difference between the treatment group and the control group was statistically significant(P<0.05). In the 3rd month and 6th month post-operation, the difference between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05); postoperative anterior chamber depth: until postoperative 2 weeks, the formation of anterior chamber of the control group was better than the treatment group, yet the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05); postoperative bleb situation: In 6th month postoperatively, the formation of filtering bleb in treatment group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: L-shaped scleral flap using single-needle stitching, although there may be a temporary shallow anterior chamber, has a obvious advantage over the traditional two-needle suture method in IOP control and filtering bleb formation.]]> Jin-Zi Zhou,Shu-Hong Wang and Xiao-Feng Li 421true METHODS: Ten patients 12 eyes with cataract and corneal astigmatism had toric IOL implantation during phacoemulsification. 4 eyes had pterygium surgery before, 3 eyes got corneal scar after wound, 5 eyes had corneal nebula or macula. Outcome measurements were uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), postoperative refractive cylinder, toric IOL axis rotational stability and complications in 6 months following-up.

RESULTS: Six months postoperatively, mean UDVA was 0.62±0.31, mean BCDVA was 0.70±0.35. UDVA was better than 0.8 in 2 eyes(17%)and better than 0.5 in 9 eyes(75%). Residual refractive cylinder postoperatively was 0.51±0.36D. Corneal astigmatism did not change significantly. Residual astigmatism was significantly lower than preoperative. The mean IOL misalignment was 3.80±1.46 degrees, less than 5 degrees in 11 eyes(92%). Only 1 eye got rotation in 6 degrees.

CONCLUSION: Implantation of the toric IOL during cataract surgery is effective, predictable and safe in correcting some special cases with corneal astigmatism.]]> Yan Luo,Xu-Kang Cheng,Ming Lu and Jie Feng 420true METHODS:Twenty patients(40 eyes)were included into the observation group. One eye with corneal astigmatism 1.50-2.50D(2.15±0.87D)was implanted astigmatic IOL(Acrysof Toric, Alcon); another eye with corneal astigmatism less than 1.50D(0.78±0.26D)was implanted MIOL. In the control group, 20 patients(40 eyes)with corneal astigmatism less than 1.00D(0.62±0.34D)were implanted MIOL in both eyes. 3 months after surgery, uncorrected distant vision and near vision with one eye and both eyes were observed in two groups.

RESULTS: In the observation group, uncorrected distant vision and near vision were 0.81±0.32 and 0.58±0.27 with Toric IOL, 0.76±0.28 and 0.67±0.24 with MIOL. There were no statistical differences(t=0.797,P>0.05; t=1.243,P>0.05). Uncorrected distant vision and near vision with both eyes were 0.90±0.33 and 0.79±0.22 in the observation group, 0.92±0.25 and 0.85±0.28 in the control group, there were no statistical differences(t=0.601, P>0.05; t=0.875, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: MIOL and matching astigmatic IOL are good choice to increase vision without glasses for cataract patients with corneal astigmatism.]]> Xiao-Li Wang,Xiao-Hu Chen,Yan Dai and Xiao-Lei Tang 419true METHODS: According to the type of amblyopia, forty-one patients(68 eyes)were divided into strabismic group(7 eyes of 4 patients), anisometropic group(11 eyes of 11 patients)and ametropic group(50 eyes of 26 patients). Uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, P-VEP, simultaneous perception, range of fusion and stereoacuity were examined before and after the treatment, which including laser therapy, CAM training, red light flashing, stereoacurity training and IF-pulse treatment of computer.

RESULTS: Before the treatment, the abnormal rate of simultaneous perception and range of fusion were both 51.2%, while stereoacuity was 80.5%, which means stereoacuity was damaged most commonly in amblyopia. Visual acuity was improved after the treatment: cure rate was 63%; progress rate was 31%; total efficiency rate was 94%.There was a statistical difference between ametropic group and strabismic or anisometropic group in term of efficiency rate. Stereopsis was significantly promoted(P<0.01)and the P100 latency was significantly shortened(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: After the treatment of amblyopia, visual acuity and stereopsis were both promoted and the P100 latency was shortened.]]> Bing-Ying Zhao and Li-Ming Tao 418true METHODS: Totally 150 eyes with cataract above the IV grade hard-core were divided into non-phacoemusification minimal-incision cataract surgery group(74 eyes)and phacoemulisification group(76 eyes). Nuclear processing time, operating complications and postoperative complications, visual acuity of the two graoups were compared.

RESULTS: There were significant difference between the non-phacoemusification minimal-incision cataract surgery group and the phacoemulsification group in nuclear processing time, operating complications(iris damage and posterior capsule rupture), postoperative complications(corneal and anterior chamber reaction),and early vision(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in late vision(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Non-phacoemusification minimal-incision cataract surgery is better than phacoemulsification and it is an ideal method for treating above IV grade hard nucleus cataract.]]> Hua-Zhang Jiang,Li Wang,Yin-Xi Li and An-Huai Yang 417true METHODS:Totally 50 hospitalized cases(52 eyes)with trabeculectomy were randomly divided into 4 groups: a separate use of tobradex eye drops postoperatively(group A), combined tobradex with pranoprofen treatment postoperatively(group B), preoperative 1 day began to use pranoprofen eye drops, combined treatment after the operation group(group C), preoperative 3 day began to use the pranoprofen eye drops and postoperative combination therapy group(group D). Compound trabeculectomy was used as the surgical method. Signs and symptoms of postoperative 1 day, 3, 7, 14, 30 days were observed and scored. SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used for data processing. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:Totally 50 cases 52 eyes completed the study. Postoperative 1^st and 3^rd day, comprehensive score of group D was significantly lower than other groups(P<0.05). Comprehensive score of group A at postoperative 3 and 7 days was higher than any other group(P<0.05). Comprehensive score of 4 groups at postoperative 15 or 30 days had no statistical difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: It is a better treatment option that inflammation after trabeculectomy treated by preoperative application of pranoprofen eye drops as pretreatment, postoperative combination of pranoprofen eye drops and glucocorticoid hormones.]]> Lei Zhu,An-Ming Xie,Tao Liu,Jie Wu,Hai- Long Tan,Xiao-Fang Wang and Meng Chen 416true METHODS: Totally 73 cases(82 eyes)glaucoma patients were randomly divided into group A 37 cases(42 eyes)and group B 36 cases(40 eyes)which received compound and simple trabeculectomy respectively, all patients were followed up for 3 months and the incidence of shallow anterior chamber, bleb formation and control of intraocular pressure of both groups were observed and compared.

RESULTS: The incidence of shallow anterior chamber of group A and group B were 4.8%(Ⅰ degree)and 35.0%(Ⅰdegree+Ⅱdegree)respectively, the difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.05); to the end of follow-up, 38 eyes(90.5%)got functional bleb in group A and 28 eyes(70.0%)got functional bleb in group B, the functional bleb formation rate had statistical difference between groups(P<0.05); in 3 months post-operation, a total of 37 eyes(88.1%)got complete control of intraocular pressure in group A which was significantly higher than group B(52.5%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.05); the mean intraocular pressure of group A in 3 months post-operation was 15.2±2.3mmHg which was significantly lower than group B(18.5±2.5mmHg), the difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Compound trabeculectomy can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative shallow anterior chamber; its efficacy is also obvious in functional filtering bleb formation and intraocular pressure control which is significantly better than that of simple trabeculectomy.]]> Wen-Hua Fan and Yu-Jun Liu 415true METHODS:Totally 33 patients 44 eyes of PDR with vitrectomy and 30 cases(44 eyes)of normal control group were inspected with optical coherence tomography(OCT)and multifocal electroretinogram(mf-ERG), the change of retinal thickness in macular and amplitude densities and latencies of P1 wave and N1 wave(5 rings and 4 quadrants)for patients before and after vitrectomy and normal control group were observed.

RESULTS:Patients were followed up for 2 months, normal control group and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy before and after vitrectomy pairwise comparison: normal control group and patients group before and after vitrectomy about amplitude densities of P1 wave(5 rings and 4 quadrants)were pairwise compared, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); for the latencies of P1 wave, the normal control group compared with the preoperative patients about the 1^st ring, the normal control group compared with postoperative patients about the 3^rd, the 4^th, the 5^th ring and the 2^nd, the 3^rd quadrant, the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05), the rest were statistically significant(P<0.05); the amplitude of N1 wave about the 1^st ring in normal control group compared with postoperative patients, the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05), the rest were statistically significant(P<0.05); the latencies of N1 wave about the 3^rd ring in preoperative patients compared with postoperative patients, the normal control group compared with the preoperative patients about the 1^st, the 2^nd ring and the 4^th quadrant, the normal control group compared with postoperative patients about the 5^th ring and the 2^nd, 3^rd quadrant, the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05), the rest were statistically significant(P<0.05); normal control group and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy before and after vitrectomy were pairwise compared in macular about retinal thickness, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The correlation analysis of retinal thickness in macular fovea and the amplitude densities and latencies of P1 wave and N1 wave showed that the rest had no correlation(P > 0.05)except the latencies of N1 wave in the 3^rd quadrant.

CONCLUSION:Measured retinal thickness in macular for the patients with PDR before and after vitrectomy using OCT and mf-ERG, which found that the postoperative retinal thickness was obviously lower than preoperative retinal thickness, showed that vitrectomy reduced macular edema and improve photo sensitive and conductive function of the retina effectively.]]> Xiao-Long Chen and Ying-Nan Zhang 414true METHODS:Clinical data of 92 idiopathic ERM patients(112 eyes)and 78 secondary ERM patients(96 eyes)diagnosed with slit lamp microscope, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and OCT. The morphological changes of ERM, central foveal thickness in all cases were recorded and analyzed by OCT.

RESULTS: ERM was visible on OCT as high reflective tissue which was focal points of attachment or globally adherent to the underlying retina. In part of fovea, the depth decreased, the thickness increased and macular became edema. The mean retina thickness in patients with idiopathic ERM was 398.32±112.07μm and the mean thickness of ERM was 52.28±9.65μm vs 416.87±104.17μm and 57.05±10.33μm in patients with secondary ERM respectively, there was no statistical difference between them(P>0.05). In the same range of visual acuity, there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)between idiopathic ERM group and secondary ERM group,but between the different range of visual acuity, the thickness of central fovea of macula was significantly different(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: OCT can display the ERM and the pathological changes of macular tissues,frequency domain OCT was a particularly useful in the diagnosis of ERM.]]> Yi-Min Pu,Wei Lu,Jun Yang,Yan He,Tian Yang and Bin Li 413true METHODS: We retrospectively studied 135 cases(146 eyes)who underwent 23-gauge PPV in our department and analyzed the factors that might be related to the state of high IOP. The ocular hypertension was defined as IOP ≥ 25mmHg at any time within 2 weeks after surgery. The statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square test. Single or combined pressure-lowering drugs were used according to the degree of IOP.

RESULTS: The high IOP occurred in 42 eyes(28.8%), and the average time was at 3.38 days after operation. The rate of IOP elevation in pure liquid exchange group, C₃F₈ tamponade group and silicone oil tamponade group were 14.5%, 33.3%, 39.3% respectively. There was statistical difference between C₃F₈ group, silicone oil tamponade group and pure liquid exchange group. The incidence rate of high IOP in non-cryotherapy group, partial retinal photocoagulation group, panretinal photocoagulation group or cryotherapy group were 13.6%, 27.4%, 34.5%, 35.7% respectively. There was no difference between the non-cryotherapy group and the partial retinal photocoagulation group, while the differences between the non-cryotherapy group and the other two groups were significant. High IOP would occur after any primary disease surgery, but the incidence was unbalanced. All elevated IOP were satisfactorily controlled.

CONCLUSION: The risk factors of high IOP after 23-gauge PPV are various,mainly related to intraocular tamponade and the treatment during the surgery. Influence of the primary disease on the high IOP mostly lies in the treatment. The high IOP after 23-gauge PPV mostly is transient which can be controlled by rational using of drugs.]]> Jian-Li Ma and Xian-Yong Sun 412true METHODS: A hospital-based case control study was conducted. Cases(n=360)were patients with cataract 45-85 years old. Controls(n=360)were patients with diseases that not related with cataract and were admitted to the same hospital. Cases and controls were matched with 1:1. All subjects were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administrated questionnaire. Questionnaire was designed to cover demographic data, lifestyle, previous diseases history, also collected the clinical biochemical examination data, including fasting blood glucose,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG). The odds ratios(OR)and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CI)of ARC were estimated using multiple logistic regression models.

RESULTS: After adjusted for age and gender, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia duration, TC, and TG had no relation with the risk of ARC(P>0.05), though only declining levels of the HDL-C were associated with higher risk of ARC(OR =1.519, 95% CI:1.093-2.110, P=0.013). After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, fasting glucose impaired subjects was positively related with ARC(OR=1.734, 95% CI:1.102-2.725, P<0.001), however, those cases with diabetes had a larger risk than controls(OR=1.938, 95% CI:1.293-2.906, P<0.001)in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Diabetes duration was also positively related with ARC. The risk of ARC less than 10 years and 10 to 19 years in duration significantly increased(OR=2.374; 95%CI: 1.502-3.752, P<0.001 and OR=2.683; 95% CI:1.267-5.683, P=0.010 respectively).

CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the HDL-C, diabetes are associated with an increased risk for ARC in middle-aged and elderly men.]]> Teng-Xuan Jiang,Shu-Na Zhai,Jia Yan,Yan Li and Zhi-Quan Lu 411true METHODS: The normal lens(3 cases), the lens epithelial cells(LECs)and nuclear of age-related cataract(5 cases)were observed by Philips-208 type transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and JSM-6380LV type scanning electron microscopy(SEM).

RESULTS: TEM: Compared with the normal lens, in 5 cases of age-related cataract, LECs of anterior capsular had a large number of irregular shape nuclear, chromatin condensation, mitochondria and other organelles in cytoplasm swelled. In some fiber cells of the cataract lens, the cell boundary was not so obvious with dissolution and necrosis. SEM: Cataract cortex lost the smoothness, fiber cells of the nucleus surface were deformation and compression, connection between the fiber cell changes.

CONCLUSION: The pathologic ultrastructural changes of the epithelial cells and fiber cells of the cortex and nucleus in lens may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract.]]> Zhi-Yun Zhan and Guo-Xing Xu 410true METHODS: In a prospective randomized sample controlled clinical study, 48 patients(48 eyes)were randomly divided into two groups:(group A)trabeculectomy with incision of “W” form and adjustment suture;(group B)traditional compound trabeculectomy surgery. The vision, intraocular pressure, astigmatism, ocular surface disease index(OSDI), tear film function, filtering bleb, success rate of operation and postoperative complications were performed at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:There were no significant difference for corneal astigmatism, OSDI and tear film function between two groups preoperatively( t_astigmatism=0.764,t_OSDI=0.652,t_{break up time} =-1.837, t_{tear river altitude} =-1.535, t_ST=-1.821, t_FL=1.916,P>0.05). There were no statistically significance for OSDI, break up time(BUT), Schirmer test(ST), tear river altitude and fluorescein staining(FL)at 1 week post-operation in group A compared with the fellow eyes(t_AOSDI =1.052, t_ABUT=0.974, t_{Atear river altitude} =0.998, t_AST =-1.225, t_AFL =0.784, P>0.05), whereas statistically significance at 1 week post-operation in group B compared with the fellow eyes(t_BOSDI =14.538,t_BBUT=5.241, t_{Btear river altitude} =2.694, t_BST =-3.189, t_BFL =-1.355,P<0.05). There were no statistically significance for symptom eyes, OSDI, BUT and FL at 2 weeks post-operation in both groups compared with the fellow eyes(t_AOSDI =0.828,t_ABUT=0.537, t_{Atear river altitude} =0.662, t_AST = -0.691, t_AFL =0.046; t_BOSDI =0.774,t_BBUT=1.082, t_{B tear river altitude}=0.629, t_BST =-0.558, t_BFL =-0.719, P>0.05). There were statistically significance for surgically induced astigmatism, filtering bleb in both groups(t _astigmatism=9.964, χ² _{filtering bleb}=9.662,P<0.05), whereas no statistically significance on vision, intraocular pressure, cumulative survival rate of functional filter blebs and success rate of operation in both groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with incision of “W” form and adjustment suture is a more favorable solution for primary angle-closure glaucoma patients, which can stabilize the tear film,mitigate the symptom of ocular surface and corneal astigmatism, and therefore improve the visual quality.]]> Jun-Ping Deng,Yi Shao,Wei Jiang,Wu-Hua Sun,Hong Hu and Qing Yang 409true METHODS: The CCT of 150 healthy corneal eyes(from 86 cases)were measured with non-contact tonometry/pachymetry NT-530P, Pentacam and ultrasonic pachymetry. The consistency of the measurements was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bland-Altman plot. The differences were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients.

RESULTS: The CCT values measured with non-contact tonometry/pachymetry NT-530P, Pentacam and ultrasonic pachymetry were(541.19±32.47)μm,(542.76±32.40)μm and(539.88±31.98)μm, respectively. No statistically significance differences were found among the three instruments(F=0.290, P=0.748), and there were high correlations among them(r₁=0.954, r₂=0.973, r₃=0.948). The sample(150 eyes)was divided into 3 groups according to the CCT measurements obtained with ultrasonic pachymetry for further analysis: CCT≤520μm,520μm 570μm. The 3 groups have high relation and good consistency(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: There are no statistically significant differences among the three instruments, and the correlations of them are high.]]> Ya-Jing Yang,Jiang-Yue Zhao and Jin-Song Zhang 408true METHODS: Twenty-three patients(23 eyes)of traumatic cataract with lens subluxation underwent cataract operation, and they were divided into 2 groups. Observation group: 14 eyes, iris hooks were positioned to fix capsular bag, CTR was implanted, and then the patients underwent phacoemulsification and were implanted foldable intraocular lenses in the lens capsule. Control group: 9 eyes underwent conventional cataract ultrasonic emulsification operation mode.

RESULTS: Comparison between two groups, in the observation group, the postoperative visual acuity was improved, the difference was significant(P<0.01); the observation group was lower than the control group in complication rate, and the difference was significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The application of iris hook combined with CTR in the treatment of cataract with lens dislocation can improve the operability and safety, reduce operation complication, postoperative intraocular lens can be safe and stable in the capsular bag, visual recovery is good.]]> Hao-Dong Zou,Juan Li and Si-Hui Huang 407true METHODS: The procedure included vision field examination, OCT checking of the average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on 51 ophthalmic clinic's test subjects(51 eyes)with open angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma, then the differences between three DIP groups were compared.

RESULTS:The patients were classified into three groups according to dip, and there were significant variance in the value of mean defect(MD)(P=0.032), intraocular pressure peak value(P=0.003), and visual field defect score deviation(P=0.041)among the three groups. There was significant dip differences(P=0.028)among the visual field defect progressing group, visual field defect invariant group and visual field defect improving group: The visual field defect progressing incidence rate in overdipper group(50%)was higher than that in non-overdipper group(7%). The RNFL correlated factors were the nocturnal minimum mean arterial-pressure and dip(P=0.011, P=0.032,R²=0.081); MD correlated factor was intraocular pressure fluctuations(P=0.026,R²=0.115); pattern standard deviation's correlated factors were intraocular pressure fluctuations and dip(P=0.020, P=0.044, R²=0.141).

CONCLUSION: Normal tension glaucoma demonstrated a higher incidence rate of excessive declining of nocturnal blood pressure than open angle glaucoma. Overdipper group has a higher incidence rate of visual field defect progressing than non-overdipper group. This result supports that there is obvious vision damage progress in the nocturnal blood-pressure excessive declining group. The nocturnal blood pressure value of declining in the visual field defect progressing group is higher than the other two groups. The data confirms that both the excessive declining of nocturnal blood pressure and the excessive fluctuations of diurnal intraocular pressure are high risk influential factors in glaucoma retinal nerve injury progressing.]]> Wei Zhao and Yan Lu 406true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).

METHODS: Forty patients(80 eyes)from the myopia laser treatment center of our hospital were measured and divided into two groups, in which 20 cases( 40 eyes)received routine LASIK(convention group), 20 cases(40 eyes)received ORK-CAT personality LASIK(ORK-CAT group). The visual acuity, refractions and the higher order aberrations of the patients were examined 1 month, 3 and 6 months after operation.

RESULTS: There was a significant difference in refractive diopter between the two group post-operation(P<0.05). Refractive diopter between the two group had no significant difference 3 and 6 months post-operation(P>0.05). Both of the group regressed slightly after the surgery and the ORK-CAT group was less than the convention group. The higher order aberration was increased after LASIK operation(P<0.05). The higher order aberration of convention group was higher than that of ORK-CAT group 1 month, 3 and 6 months after operation(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Patients received ORK-CAT personality LASIK treatment have better quality of vision after surgery than those received convention LASIK treatment.]]> Wei-Qiong Song,Zheng-Qing Wu,Fang He,Guo-Qiao Li,Jin-Feng Duan and Yan-Li Zhang 405true in situ keratomileusis(Epi-LASIK)surgery.

METHODS: Totally 112 eyes with Epi-LASIK were randomly divided into Group A(protein-free calf blood extract eye gels)and Group B(recombinant human epidermal growth factor, rhEGF): Group A with 29 patients 58 eyes were treated by protein-free calf blood extract eye gels and Group B with 27 patients 54 eyes were treated by rhEGF eye drops. In each group after Epi-LASIK, the drug was used immediately. Postoperative irritation, growth of epithelial flap, postoperative visual acuity, time to achieve the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, haze development etc were observed for 6-12 months.

RESULTS: The growth of epithelial flap in the Group A was better than the Group B and there was statistically significant difference(P<0.05). One month after surgery, 45 eyes(77.6%)in the Group A and 32 eyes(59.3%)in the Group B achieved the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity which was statistically significant(P<0.05). The time to achieve the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity in most Group A patients was shorter than 1 week while in the Group B it was longer than 2 weeks, which was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in haze development between 2 groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Application of protein-free calf blood extract after Epi-LASIK can relieve epithelial flap edema, shorten time of visual acuity rehabilitation and alleviate the sensation of dry eye. It is a safe, effective method and presents a captivating prospect.]]> Ying-Long Li,Xiao-Ning Peng,Xiang-Dong Fang and Shuai-Hui Wu 404true METHODS: Forty-two eyes of cataract patients with high myopia were retrospectively analyzed. 22 eyes were implanted aspherical IOL and 20 eyes were implanted spherical IOL. All the patients uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA)were >0.2. Vision, accommodative amplitude, contrast sensitivity(CS)were examined at 6 months after operation.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in best-corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), best-corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), accommodative amplitude between aspherical and spherical IOL(P>0.05). After 6 months, CS and glare contrast sensitivity(GCS)of the low and medium space frequency in implanted aspherical IOL were better than implanted spherical IOL(P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in CS and GCS of the high space frequency(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Cataract patients with high myopia, CS and GCS in implanted aspherical IOL are better than that of implanted spherical IOL.]]> Chun-Yuan Zhang and Ting Xi 403true METHODS: Seventy-seven eyes of 44 patients with complete information received the operation by the TOSCA surgery and the Shotfile software for the correction of presbyopia. The distance and near vision(dominant eye, non-dominant eye, binocular), refraction, higher order aberration, contrast sensitivity and stereo vision were compared between the preoperative and postoperative. The degree of the postoperative satisfaction was investigated.

RESULTS: The average distance vision of dominant eyes 6 months after operation were 1.00±0.16; and non-dominant eyes were 1.00±0.23. The average near vision of dominant 6 months after operation were 1.07±0.29; and non-dominant eyes were 1.09±0.33. The average spherical equivalent 6 months after operation were -0.41±0.56D. The postoperative mean spherical equivalent was lower than the preoperative, which was statically different(P<0.05). With the 6mm pupil diameter, the preoperative total higher order aberrations, horizontal coma, vertical coma and spherical aberration were: 0.573±0.308, -0.025±0.173, -0.025±0.110, 0.174±0.133; the total higher order aberrations, horizontal coma, vertical coma, spherical aberration 6 months after operation were 0.594±0.247, -0.090±0.212, -0.272±0.195 and 0.297±0.146. There was statistically difference in the vertical coma and spherical aberration between the preoperative and the postoperative 6 months(P<0.05). The low, medium and high frequency contrast sensitivity were decreased after 10 days and 1 month and it returned to the preoperative level 3 months after operation. There was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative stereo vision(P>0.05). 38 patients(86.4%)were satisfied with the effect of surgery; 4 patients(9.1%)relatively were satisfied with the effect of surgery; 2 patients(4.5%)were not satisfied with the near vision after operation. There were no operative or postoperative serious complications.

CONCLUSION: We found that the Shotfile software was a well-tolerated and effective procedure for treating patients with prisbyopia, and it can effectively improve the near vision without loss of distance vision in early period. The increasing spherical aberration can compensate for the depression of lens regulation ability in patients with presbyopia. While the increase of horizontal coma and vertical coma, it may lead to a decline of visual quality. There was no difference between the preoperative and postoperative stereo vision.]]> Shi-Yang Li,Yu-Yang Zhao,Xue-Yan Liu,Hong-Li Ma,Ai-Hong Zhao and Xiao-Nan Jiang 402true METHODS: This retrospective case series study included 300 eyes of 150 consecutive patients. The eyes were assigned to two groups according to intended flap thickness, 100μm(204 eyes)and 110μm(96 eyes), which created with the VisuMax femtosecond laser. Intended flap diameters were 7.9mm and 8.3mm. Difference analysis of flap diameter and intended diameter as well as flap thickness and intended thickness were made. The data were analyzed with SPSS to sum up a multiple stepwise regression formula that could express their quantitative relationship.

RESULTS: The 100μm flap group had an average flap thickness of 103.11±4.07μm, while for the 110μm group the average flap thickness was 113.35±5.71μm. The difference between right and left eyes was not statistically significant(t_100μm =-0.901, t _110μm=-0.490; P>0.05). Corneal flap thickness was not related to flap diameter(r=0.003, 0.018; P>0.05), preoperative patient age(r=0.022, 0.050; P>0.05), corneal thickness(r=0.051, 0.101; P>0.05), keratometric value K(r=-0.048, -0.136; P>0.05)or intraocular pressure(r=-0.113, 0.047; P>0.05). Preoperative corneal keratometric value K was positively correlated with corneal flap diameter(r=0.359, 0.532; P=0.01, 0.007<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The LASIK flap creation with the VisuMax femtosecond laser has relatively good predictability. There is no influencing factor for flap thickness.]]> 2013/8/26 15:29:05 Wen-Jing Li,Yu-Kun Hu,Xiao-Wei Gao,Yun-Lin Guo and Jing Dong 401true METHODS: Totally 43 cases(50 eyes), in which 23 patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma(group A, 26 eyes)and 20 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(group B, 24 eyes), all had undergone glaucoma filtration surgery for more than 6 months. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp, gonioscope, corneal endothelial cell counts, etc., were done before surgery.And transparent corneal incision phacoemulsification combined with artificial lens implantation operation were preformed, postoperative follow-up of 3 to 12 months, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell counts and vision field, etc. were observed and recorded.

RESULTS: The visual acuity of 50 eyes(100%)increased with different degree postoperatively, 41 eyes(82%)with postoperative visual acuity ≥0.3; average preoperative intraocular pressure: group A 18.08±5.08mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kpa), group B 14.48±3.52mmHg; Postoperative follow-up average intraocular pressure: group A 13.65±3.51mmHg, group B 14.28±3.41 mmHg, intraocular pressure changed significantly pre and post-operation in group A(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between pre and post-operation in group B(P>0.05); Postoperative intraocular pressure of 1 eye in group A and 3 eyes in group B rose within three days post-operation, the intraocular pressure fluctuated between 21-33mmHg, with drug therapy and drug withdral when intraocular pressure epistrophy; Intraocular pressure was stable in the follow-up process.Corneal endothelial cell density: pre-operation group A was 2 293.57±352.24(cells/mm²), group B 2 658.14±458.69(cells/mm²), post- operation group A 2 175.95±379.16(cells/mm²), group B 2 442.97±477.30(cells/mm²), cell loss rate: 5.13% in group A, and 8.10% in group B. Postoperative visual acuity was related to vision field damage in patients, the more visual field damage, the longer the duration.

CONCLUSION: Visual function restore is stable in transparent corneal incision phacoemulsification in cataract patients who underwent glaucoma filtration surgeries; the intraocular pressure can be controlled effectively, and can further reduce the intraocular pressure of angle-closure glaucoma. Preoperative comprehensive evaluation of the affected eye and appropriate technique selection are benefit to the improvement of operation effect and the reduction of complications.]]> 2013/8/26 15:29:05 Li Li,Ke Yang and Guang-Jue Yu 400true METHODS: It was a prospective and randomized clinical trial. A total of 209 eyes(209 cases)with grade 4 nuclear cataract were randomly assigned into either ozil torsional mode coaxial or conventional group(104 eyes)to undergo microphaco. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), central anterior chamber depth(ACD), endothelial cell count(ECC)before operation and cumulative dissipated energy(CDE), esstimated fluied used(EFU)in operation and complications were recorded. BCVA, IOP, ACD and ECC at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month after operation were compared and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The values of BCVA, IOP, ACD and ECC of experimental group were lower than those of conventional group before operation, there was no statistically significant differences(P>0.05). The values of CDE and EFU in ozil torsional mode coaxial group were less than that in the conventional group. The differences among two groups had statistical significance(P<0.05). The BCVA after the operation were improved in both groups, the ozil torsional mode coaxial group were better than the conventional group with the differences of BCVA≥0.3 at 1 day after operation(P=0.11). The ECC at 1 month after operation of two groups was obviously reduced(15%-30%)with a statistically significant difference in the degree of reduction.(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The anterior chamber stability was better in ozil torsional mode coaxial microphacoemulsification for hard nuclear cataract, with a significant reduction in the ultrasonic energy and the phaco time. The method can reduce the amount of fluid used in operation, with less ECC loss after operation, which can promote the rapid recovery of vision.]]> 2013/8/26 15:29:06 Yan-Li Zhou,Rong Xu,Yong Wang,Xian-Yi Bao,Ting-Ting Peng and Zhi-Fu Zeng 399true METHODS:According to clinical manifestation, 129 patients(171 eyes)with uveitis were divided into 3 groups in our hospital from July 2009 to July 2010: 87 cases(87 eyes)in anterior uveitis group, 10 cases(20 eyes)in intermediate uveitis group, 32 cases(64 eyes)in posterior uveitis group. The other 50 cases(100 normal eyes)were in the control group. Flare in patients with uveitis at different stages was graded and measured by LFCM(FM-600)and slit-lamp microscope.

RESULTS: Flare of grade 1+, 2+, 3+ and 4+ were noted in 48, 35, 2 and 2 eyes in anterior uveitis patients, respectively. LFCM examination revealed that the mean flare values in anterior uveitis eyes with flare of grade 1+ and 2+ were 28.6±6.7pc/ms and 144.3±28.1pc/ms, and 5.1±1.8pc/ms in the control group. In patients with flare of grade 3+ and 4+, LFCM readings were unreliable because of increased background noise. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was significant correlation between slit lamp examination and LFCM measurement for flare of grade 1+ and 2+(r=0.901, P<0.01). Flare of grade 1+ and 2+ were noted in 10 and 10 eyes in intermediate uveitis patients, respectively. LFCM examination revealed that the mean flare values were 31.7±5.0pc/ms and 130.7±12.9pc/ms, and 5.1±1.8pc/ms in the control group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was significant correlation between slit lamp examination and LFCM measurement for flare of grade 1+ and 2+(r=0.867, P<0.01). Flare of grade 0 was noted in 64 eyes in posterior uveitis patients. LFCM examination revealed that the mean flare value was 9.8±3.1pc/ms which was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:LFCM(FM-600)is able to evaluate precisely the mild and moderate breakdown of blood aqueous barrier in uveitis, therefore it provides an important parameter for the determination of inflammatory response in anterior segment and the clinical treatment of uveitis.]]> 2013/8/26 15:29:06 Yang Zhou,Xin-Hong Jing and Xiao-Yan Li 398true METHODS: We divided our patient into two groups according to their blood-activating and stasis-dissolving drug using history at first, then divided them into observation/positive/negative control subgroups according to random case-control method. The clinical key data and advert effects after 3 cycles of treatment were obtained by visual acuity/visual field and color Doppler.

RESULTS: The index of general effects/visual acuity/the general visual acuity loss/the artery/vein perfusion time of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and color Doppler index(CDI)together with the advert effects rate of cardiovascular system of the observation groups were significantly better than those of the contrast groups.

CONCLUSION: The combination of sanxuemingmu capsule with anisoine is effective in the ocular ischemic diseases and can lessen the cardiovascular advert effect rate of ocular ischemic diseases suffer while this administration method is more benefit in cases without blood-activating and stasis-dissolving drug using history than cases with drug using cases.]]> 2013/8/26 15:29:06 Jian-Chao Li,Qing-Hua Peng and Zhi-Yuan Li 397true METHODS: A computerized literature search was carried out in Chinese Biomedical Database(CBM), Wanfang Data, VIP and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)to collect articles published between 1989-2013 concerning the curative efficacy of SICS versus Phaco. The studies were assessed in terms of clinical case-control criteria. Meta-analysis were performed to assess the visual acuity, the complications rates between SICS and Phaco 90 days after surgery. Treatment effects were measured as risk difference(RD)between SICS and Phaco. Fixed and random effect models were employed to combine results after a heterogeneity test.

RESULTS:A total of 8 studies were included in our Meta-analysis. At 90 days postoperative time, there were no significant differences between the two groups at the visual acuity >0.5(P=0.14); and no significant differences on the complications rates of corneal astigmatism, corneal edema, posterior capsular rupture and anterior iris reaction(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is no different on the curative effects of SICS and Phaco for cataract.]]> 2013/7/29 14:34:25 Chang-Jian Yang,Lun-Tao Zeng and Miao Jiang 396true METHODS: Seventy-eight patients(106 eyes)with cataract and angle-closure glaucoma were randomly divided into two groups. Group A contained 40 patients(56 eyes)which were treated by using phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy. Group B included 38 patients(50 eyes)which were treated with phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation combined with goniosynechialysis. The clinical effect was compared between the two groups. The following clinical parameters were tested before and after treatment: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, and incidence of complications.

RESULTS: The operations of the two groups were all smooth. There was significant difference between before and after treatment concerning visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, angle changes(P<0.05). Comparison of the efficacy of the two groups after operations: 49 eyes angle completely open in group A, 44 eyes angle completely open in group B. No significant statistical difference was found between the two groups. Preoperative anterior chamber depth: group A was 1.73±0.42mm and group B was 1.78±0.39mm; anterior chamber depth after operation: group A was 3.25±0.36mm, group B was 2.91±0.53mm. There was significant difference between the two groups. Occurrence of complications in group A was significantly higher than that of group B.

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation combined with goniosynechialysis in the treatment of cataract patients with angle-closure glaucoma can significantly improve visual acuity, effectively control intraocular pressure, and reduce early complications of operation. The method of operation is simple, and can be widely used.]]> 2013/7/29 14:34:25 Yuan-Mei Leng 395true METHODS: Totally 20 patients(24 eyes)with uveitis who had phacomeulsifacation and anterior vitrectomy between March 2010 and October 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were implanted intraocular lens.

RESULTS: The follow-up varied from 6 to 12 months. The visual acuity improved in 23 eyes(96%). There was iris hemorrhage in 6 eyes(25%)of operation.Postoperative complications were anterior chamber inflammation in 2 eyes(8%), a transient elevation of intraocular pressure in 1 eye(4%).

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with anterior vitrectomy is an effective method in the treatment of uveitis complicated cataract, which can contribute to the control of inflammation, improve the visual function, reduce complications.]]> 2013/7/29 14:34:25 Wei Zhou and Xue-Xi Li 394true METHODS: The clinical data of FFA and other related information of 118 patients(129 eyes)who were diagnosed as DR combined with RVO were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS: In the 118 cases of DR combined with RVO, only 11 patients were involved with both eyes. Central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)was the most predominant(66 eyes, 51.2%), followed by temporal upper branch RVO(58 eyes, 45.0%), other branch RVO(5 eyes, 3.9%). FFA results showed that extensive hemorrhage was seen at the vein occlusion area, and disc and fovea of macula was involved with fluorescein leakage. At the same time, they covered DR change of this eye. The opposite eye had DR changes at different degrees.

CONCLUSION: The clinical and fundus changes of DR combined with RVO are of many characteristics and should be distinguished with single DR or RVO.]]> 2013/7/29 14:34:25 Tao Tian,Guo-Ping Kuang,Zheng-Qing Wu,Li-Lian Xie,Ru Liu and Jing-Li Peng 393true METHODS: Totally 160 fungal keratitis patients were randomly divided into test group one(60 cases), group two(67 cases)and control group(33 cases). Three groups were all treated by iodine cautery at first. Then the test group was treated with 50g/L natamycin eye drops and the test group two was given 50g/L natamycin and bFGF eye gel. The control group was only treated by 2g/L fluconazole eye drops. Then the therapeutic effect and duration of treatment between the three groups were analyzed.

RESULTS: The cure rates of three treatment groups were 71.7%, 76.1% and 51.5%, respectively. The effective rates were 90.0%, 91.0% and 78.8%, respectively. There were statistical differences between two test groups and the control group(P <0. 05). The average healing time of cured cases in the three groups were 20±15, 16±12, 30±13d, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two test groups and the control group.

CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of novel antifungal 50g/L natamycin, cell growth factor bFGF with traditional iodine cauterization is remarkable effective for fungal keratitis, especially early stage patients.]]> 2013/7/1 11:07:54 Xiao-Li Qu,Gui-Qiu Zhao,Ang Gao,Cheng-Ye Che,Jing Lin,Li-Ting Hu,Cui Li and Wen-Jun Chen 392true METHODS: Forty patients with cataract(80 eyes)were divided into two groups: Group A(20 patients, 40 eyes): implanted with AcrySof ReSTOR+3D(SN6AD1); Group B(20 patients, 40 eyes): implanted with AcrySof ReSTOR+4D(SN6AD3). Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UCIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA)were observed at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month postoperatively. BCDVA, BCNVA, DCNVA, DCIVA, aberration, contrast sensitivity were examined at 3 month postoperatively. Binocular defocus curve-a full range of vision also were examined at 3 month postoperatively.

RESULTS: All of the eyes had best UCDVA, but, group A showed statistical superiority in UCIVA at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 month(P<0.05). It showed no statistical difference in UCNVA at 1 week, 1 month and 3 month, but except 1 day after surgery. Both two groups showed no statistical difference in BCDVA, BCNVA, DCNVA, DCIVA, aberration and contrast sensitivity at 3 month postoperatively(P>0.05). Binocular defocus curve-a full range of vision showed that group A had two focuses at +0.0D and -3.0D, but, besides the two focus:+0.0D and -2.5D, group B also had a platform level from -2.0D to -2.5D. Questionnaire showed that both of two groups had no obviously visual disturbance(t=-0.87, P>0.05). But, aspherical AcrySof ReSTOR+3D IOL showed more superior vision performance in intermediate vision.

CONCLUSION: The aspherical AcrySof ReSTOR+3D IOL can provide patients with excellent outcomes in distant, intermediate and near vision. Compared with aspherical AcrySof ReSTOR+4D, it shows more superior vision performance in intermediate vision, reduces the dependence on spectacles and improves the quality-of-life.]]> 2013/7/1 11:07:55 Zhen Li and Yu Han 391true METHODS: Case -control study. Forty-eight patients(seventy-two eyes)with age-related cataract received phacoemulsification and implantation of artificial intraocular lens in our department during March 2010 to December 2012. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: Tetraflex group( 23 cases 35 eyes)and SA60AT group(25 cases 37 eyes). All patients were assessed for visual acuity, accommodation amplitude and contrast sensitivity visual acuity in 1, 3 and 6mo after the surgery. The indexes were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 statistics software.

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA)and best-corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA)between the two groups(P>0.05); while there were statistically significant differences in uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA)and distance-corrected near vision acuity(DCNVA)(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of contrast sensitivity between the 2 groups(P>0.05). The Tetraflex group has best accommodative amplitude than the SA60AT group(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference of contrast sensitivity between the 2 groups(P>0.05). The Tetraflex group had higher rate of spectable independence than the SA60AT group(82.9% vs 16.2%)(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Tetraflex provides an excellent distance and near visual acuity, good amplitude of accommodation and decrease the dependence of spectacle, and improve the visual performance. But its long-term effect remains to be observed.]]> 2013/7/1 11:07:55 Jun-Yi Xie,Shi-Gang Yan,Hao-Quan Lu and Shu-Ke Luo 390true METHODS:All 93 patients of type 1 or 2 diabetic who have underwent one-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography, and direct ophthalmoscopy with dilation of their pupils, and FFA by ophthalmologists. The sensitivity and specificity of one-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography and direct ophthalmoscopy were calculated respectively, compared with FFA.

RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of one-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography for detection of any DR were 80.4% and 94.7%; The sensitivity and specificity of direct ophthalmoscopy for detection of any DR were 64.2% and 84.2%; After the standard for referable DR being lowered down to the moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(M-NPDR), the sensitivity and specificity of non-mydriatic digital fundus photography for detection were 88.9% and 98.4%, the sensitivity and specificity of direct ophthalmoscopy for detection were 71.5% and 96.7%.

CONCLUSION: One-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography is an effective method for DR screening.]]> 2013/7/1 11:07:55 Bin-Bin Li,Min Zeng,Li-Qun Hu,Ling-Ling Liu,Gan-Hua Zhang and Dong-Hua Wu 389true METHODS:From January 2010 to October 2011, 112 intermittent exotropia children were treated, divided into three groups, the first group used synoptophore for binocular visual training, the second group used the binocular visual training software for binocular visual training, the third group was control group, no binocular visual training. The postoperative far and near stereoacuity and postoperative 1 year eye position orthophoria rate of the three groups were observed and compared.

RESULTS: The two groups of children with visual training, the far and near stereoacuity was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was significant. In the 1-year follow-up after surgery, the eye position orthophoria rate of the control group was significantly lower than the other two groups.

CONCLUSION: Intermittent exotropia postoperative binocular visual training can significantly promote the reconstruction of children with binocular vision, reduce eye rollback rate, improve the success rate of surgery.]]> 2013/7/1 11:07:55 Yan Guo,Ping Wang,Zheng-Yan Qi,Jun Luo and Jin-Mei Zhang 388true in situ keratomileusis(Epi-LASIK)by standardized vector analysis, and to investigate the relationship between the result of analysis and the change in contrast sensitivity function(CSF).

METHODS: Totally 68 myopic astigmatism eyes treated with Epi-LASIK. The myopic diopter was range from -5.00D to -9.00D, and the astigmatic diopter was range from -1.00D to -3.00D. The following-up period was for 6 months. The outcome of astigmatism correction was evaluated by the standardized vector analysis which was recommended by the American National Standards Institute. The photopic without glare CSF with best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was examined by CSV-1000E.

RESULTS: The CSF of all spatial frequency in 1 month postoperatively were significant lower than that preoperatively(P<0.01). The CSF of spatial frequency 12c/d(cycles per degree)and 18c/d in 6 months postoperatively were significant lower than that preoperatively(P<0.05). The CSF of 3c/d, 6c/d and 12c/d in 1 month were significant lower than that in 6 months postoperatively(P<0.05). The |SIRC|(absolute surgically induced refractive correction)in 1 month, 6 months were positively correlated with the decrease of 18c/d CSF postoperatively(r=0.537, 0.674, P<0.01). The error of magnitude(EM)in 1 month was -0.21±0.29 and -0.12±0.31 in 6 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSION: There was decrease in high spatial frequency contrast sensitivity under photopic without glare of myopic and astigmatic eyes with midrange and high diopter within 6 months after Epi-LASIK. The SIRC might have correlation with the decrease in contrast sensitivity.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:26 Shu-Lin Wang,Ping Liu,Xin Wang,Xin-Xia Sun and Li-Guo Cheng 387true METHODS: This was a retrospective observational case series. We chosed 57 cases(57 eyes)operated, whose high intraocular pressure had been relieved after trabeculectomy. Patients were randomly selected and divided into treatment group 28 cases(28 eyes), and control group 29 cases(29 eyes)(conventional treatment group). The treatment group received both conventional therapy and Mecobalamin 500μg, 3 times a day for 6 months. The mean defect(MD)and pattern standard deviation(PSD)were strictly measured by Humphrey 750i and the total and regional mean RNFL thickness were measured using a Stratus OCT-3(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA)at the time of discharge from hospital and at 6 months. Independent-samples t test was used to compare the results obtained from these two groups.

RESULTS: At 6 months, MD: treatment group(-13.30±4.03)dB, control group(-18.51±4.33)dB, PSD: treatment group(5.64±0.48)dB, control group(8.21±2.47)dB. There were statistically significant differences(t =-2.112, P=0.049; t =-2.436, P=0.025)in MD and PSD between the two groups. And the RNFL thickness overall: treatment group(75.828±7.260)μm,control group(65.037±13.074)μm,RNFL thickness of the nasal quadrant: treatment group(59.077±11.055)μm, control group(48.122±7.385)μm, RNFL thickness of the temporal quadrant: treatment group(61.098±14.832)μm, control group(48.133±17.174)μm, RNFL thickness of the superior quadrant: treatment group(96.263±22.537)μm, control group(85.596±20.472)μm, RNFL thickness of the inferior quadrant: treatment group(94.821±19.693)μm, control group(85.072±23.384)μm. There were statistically significant differences in all Stratus OCT-3 measurement parameters(t=-2.282, P=0.035; t=-2.182, P=0.043; t=-2.589, P=0.019; t=-2.236, P=0.038; t=-2.295, P=0.034).

CONCLUSION: Long-term oral Mecobalamin administration obviously improves the visual field defect and retinal nerve fibers loss in the patients with advanced glaucoma after trabeculectomy.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:26 Qing-Zhu Nie,Zhi-Li Liu,Yong Yu and Lei Cao 386true METHODS: The 91 patients with diabetes and 30 control cases which VEGF I/D genotypes and VEGF level were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).

RESULTS: The DD genotype frequencies were significantly higher in NPDR and PDR groups than in groups of NDR and control(P<0.01); The VEGF level were significantly higher in NPDR and PDR groups than in groups of NDR and normal control(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: VEGF I/D gene polymorphism is associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy; D allele is probably a susceptible gene of diabetic retinopathy.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:26 Dong-Hao Li,Li Hu,Wen-Zhi He,Hong-Hong Qiu,Yi-Yi Wen and Qian Yang 385true PPAR-γ2)gene and diabetic retinopathy(DR)with type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)of the Han nationality in Shanxi province.

METHODS: Totally 90 patients with T2DM were selected into our research, who were at the age of 40 to 70 years old, diabetic duration from 10 to 20 years, blood pressure <140/90mmHg, and without diabetic nephropathy. Thirty persons were respectively divided into non-DR(NDR)group, nonproliferative-DR(BDR)group and proliferative-DR(PDR)group according to the result of ophthalmology examination. The genotypes of Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ2 gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms(PCR-RFLP)assay in all the patients.

RESULTS: PCR results showed that there were 2 alleles and 3 genotypes in the groups. The frequency of genotype PP, PA, AA were 40.0%, 53.3%, 6.7% in NDR group, 70.0%, 30.0%, 0.0% in BDR group, 76.7%, 23.3%, 0% in PDR group, respectively. The allele frequency(χ²=10.208)and gene frequency(χ²=10.351)were statistically significant(P<0.05)in these groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that Prol2Ala polymorphism was a dangerous factor in the incidence of DR.

CONCLUSION: The alanine variant of Prol2Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ2 gene is associated with DR in type 2 diabetes among the Hans in Shanxi area, and the Ala allele might be a protective factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:26 Yong-Qing Liu,Li-Cong Wang,Jing Dong,Jin-Feng Wang and Sheng-Jie Wu 384true METHODS: Retrospective clinical study. 44 patients with IMEM were included in this study. All patients had undergone vitrectomy and ILM peeling. Eyes were divided into two groups: 20 eyes in group A with BSS tamponade. 24 patients in group B with gas tamponade(11 eyes were injected with filtered air and 13 eyes with perfluoropropane,100mL/L C₃F₈). The follow-up period was 12-16(mean 13)months. The following parameters were collected and compared: best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and CFT(at baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively), intraocular pressure(IOP)(at baseline and on the 1^th,7^th day, 1, 3 months postoperatively).

RESULTS: BCVA significantly improved, and 29 of 44 eyes(65.9%)achieved visual recovery≥0.2 logMAR. There were no significant differences between group A and group B in mean baseline logMAR BCVA(0.53±0.18 vs 0.52±0.14; P>0.05)and final logMAR BCVA(0.31±0.14 vs 0.28±0.09; P>0.05). With respect to OCT parameters, the mean CFT at 12 months(285.25±70.07μm)was significantly decreased from that of the baseline(407.82±97.00μm),(Z=4.29, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between group A and group B in mean baseline CFT(409.45±108.40μm vs 406.46±88.76μm; P>0.05)and final CFT(287.60±66.94μm vs 283.29±73.95μm; P>0.05). With respect to IOP, there were no significant differences between group A and group B at mean baseline and on the 7^th day, 1, 3 months postoperatively(P>0.05). The IOP in group A was significant lower at 1^th postoperative day compared with group B(Z=3.12, P<0.05), but the mean IOP of both groups were within normal range(10-21mmHg). Patients in group B with filtered air tamponade were instructed to maintain a prone position for 1 to 3 days and with perfluoropropane tamponade instructed to maintain a prone position for at least 1 week, however, patients in group A were not.

CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy and ILM peeling can significantly improve the visual acuity and decrease the CFT no matter with gas or with BSS tamponade, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes, but it is neither necessary for patients with BSS tamponade to maintain a prone position nor have physically and psychological burden compared to who with gas, which makes surgery more efficient and safe.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:26 Jie Dong,Han Zhang,Peng Sun,Feng Gu,Huan Wang,Bo Fu and Zhe-Li Liu 383true METHODS:It was a prospective cohort study. Forty-seven patients(92 eyes)were divided into low myopia(-2.28±0.48D), moderate myopia(-4.54±0.97D)and high myopia(-6.86±1.17D)groups according to the spherical equivalent(SE)diopter before the surgery. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), SE diopter, wavefront aberration, CSF measurement, PSF measurement were examined before and after operation. The follow up visits of the patients were scheduled at the 7^th day, 1^st and 3^rd month. CSF curves, which were obtained with Carl Zeiss WASCA Analyzer wavefront aberration instrument under the 3.0mm and 5.0mm pupil size conditions, were scanned and loaded into Engauge Digitizer 4.1 digital software to obtain PSF data of certain space frequency. And CSF data were obtained with Optical 6500 of STEREO OPTICAL Company under day and night environment. The data were statistical analyzed with paired-t test.

RESULTS: CSF data declined obviously compared with the preoperative data in early stage(7 days)after surgeries. Partial low space frequency CSF data(low space frequency CSF data in 3.0mm pupil size condition and moderate myopia patients' low space frequency CSF data in 5.0mm pupil size condition)recovered back to preoperative levels in 3 months after LASIK. The myopic degree was higher, the CSF values of moderate and high spatial frequency were harder to restore to preoperative levels. Most of the MTF values declined in 1 week after LASIK. MTF values approximately recovered back to preoperative levels in 1 month-3 months after LASIK. Partial MTF values of 1 week after LASIK had no statistical differences compared to the preoperative data.

CONCLUSION: MTF values approximately recover back to preoperative levels earlier than CSF values. All the MTF values recover back to preoperative levels in 3 months after LASIK, but partial space frequency CSF values not. MTF values reflect the improvement of visual quality in early stage after LASIK. MTF data obtained with Carl Zeiss WASCA Analyzer wavefront aberration analyzer comprehensively and objectively reflect the optical system changes in early stage after LASIK.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:26 Zhe-Yao Cao,Li-Kun Xia,Shao-Wen Mi and Guang-Rui Chai 382true METHODS: Forty-four patients eighty-six eyes(-2.00- -7.00D)were divided randomly into two groups, group A and group B. Group A underwent flap-free LASEK combined MMC, group B underwent common LASEK. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)scores were detected in 1 week,1 month, 3 months after surgery, the haze scores were detected in 1 week,10 days,1 month, 3,6 months after surgery. All subjective pain scores were evaluated in 1 day, 4 days, 7 days after the surgery. The days of corneal epithelium healing were recorded.

RESULTS: The difference of the UCVA had no statistical significance in 1 week, 1 month, 3 months after surgery between the two groups. The difference of haze scores had no statistical significance in 1 week, 10 days, 3 months, 6 months after surgery between the two groups, but in 1 month, haze scores were significant difference in group A and B(χ²=5.185, P<0.05), 0.5 degree haze in 1 month was statistical significant difference(χ²=10.135, P<0.05), while in 3 months there was no statistical significant difference in two groups. 1 degree haze in 1 month, 3 months were no statistical significant difference in two groups. 2 degree haze in 3 months was only one in group B, while no one in group A.The scores of pain in 1 day(χ²=38.78, P<0.05), 4 days(χ²=34.624, P<0.05)after surgery were statistical significant difference in group A and B, but the score of pain was no statistical significance in 7 days. The day of corneal epithelium healing had no statistical significant difference in two groups in 4 days, 7 days after surgery.

CONCLUSION: haze 0.5 degree was less and lighter in 1 month in flap-free LASEK surgery combined MMC than that in LASEK. Pain scores were lower in 1 day, 4 days in Flap-free LASEK surgery combined MMC than that in LASEK. There was no obviously difference in the days of corneal epithelium healing and UCVA between the two groups.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:26 Shi-Ning Qiao,Bin Zhang,Gui-Ling Liang,Shu-E Qu and Jun-Yong Zhang 381true METHODS: Totally 109 patients(201 eyes)after PRK were treated with intraoperative application of 0.2g/L MMC for 20 seconds. The recovery of cornea epithelium after surgery was regularly observed. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), refraction, haze, complications and endothelial cell counts 1 month, 3, 6, 12 months after PRK were compared.

RESULTS:The time of corneal epithelium recovery was 3.68±0.35 days. All eyes had a significant increase in UCVA. 12 months after surgery, 189 eyes(94%)achieved UCVA better than 1.0 and 153 eyes(76%)had a spherical equivalent(SE)within±0.5D. 7 eyes(3%)lost one line of CDVA. No one lost 2 or more lines of CDVA. Ninety-six percent eyes changed within±0.5D when comparing 3 month and 12 month. Postoperative endothelial cell density and coefficient of variability(CV)did not show a significant difference from preoperative measurements(P₁=0.71; P₂=0.83). Haze of grade 1 occurred in 12 eyes(6%)and haze between grade 0.5 and 1 existed in 189 eyes(94%)at 12 months. No eye developed haze over grade 2. No toxic effect and complications of MMC were found after surgery.

CONCLUSION: PRK with intraoperative application of MMC for 20 seconds appears to be a safe and effective method for correction of high myopia.]]> 2013/6/3 10:33:27 Hao-Jiang Yang,Xiao-Yan Dou,Lin Li,Jing Sima,Xiu-Fang Lü and Yu-Li Wei 380true METHODS: Clinical features of 137 cases of IDON with final diagnosis in the General Hospital of Chinese PLA form May 2009 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS: With a female to male ratio of 1:1.54, 74 cases had onset in both eyes or one after another, and 63 cases had onset with simple eye. There were 28.9% patients accompanied with oculogyria pain, 69.7% eyes with retrobulbar neuritis and 30.3% eyes with papillitis. There were 58.4% cases with visual acuity recovered to more than 0.5; but there were also 21.8% cases with visual acuity recovered to less than 0.1. The patients in lower age group(≤18 years)had a better recovery of visual acuity and those in higher age group(≥46 year)at the same time had a bad visual acuity. There were significant differences between two groups(P<0.05). There were 89 cases performed aquaporin-4(AQP-4)autoantibodies assay. The results of 28 cases(31.5%)were seropositivity. The patients in seropositivity group had better recovery of visual acuity and there were significant differences compared to seronegativity group. In the two follow-up years, 5 out of 28 seropositive patients were diagnosed as optical neuromyelitis(NMO)and 1 out of 28 was diagnosed as multiple sclerosis(MS)finally; 1 out of 61 seronegative patients were diagnosed as NMO finally.

CONCLUSION:Despite of minor differences of clinical feature, the course of IDON is similar to that reported in western countries, AQP-4 autoantibodies may have diagnostic and prognostic value in patients who present with isolated ON. The seropositivity of AQP-4 may mean the worse recovery of sight and increase the chances of the development of NMO.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:10 Huan-Fen Zhou and Shi-Hui Wei 379true METHODS: Phacoemulsification were randomly divided into 50 aged-related cataract patients with diabetes mellitus(56 eyes, diabetes group)and 50 patients with senile cataract(60 eyes, control group). Cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed, central corneal thickness, the corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal cell were measured before surgery, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery by confocal microscopy.

RESULTS: Before surgery, there was no statistical difference between the two groups of central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal cell(P>0.05). Compared with pre-operation, the central corneal thickness and coefficient of variation were increased post-operation, but the corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cell decreased gradually. The central corneal thickness of diabetes group was more significantly than control group 1 week, 3 months after surgery(P<0.05), and the corneal endothelial cell density was less significantly than control group(P<0.05). One week, 3 months after surgery, the percentage of hexagonal cell was less than control group(P<0.01). The coefficient of variation was significantly higher than control group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Aged-related cataract patients with diabetes mellitus were much more poor tolerability on cataract phacoemulsification surgery. Compared with senile cataract patients, the corneal endothelium injury was more serious and the velocity and validity of recovery were lower comparatively.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:10 Chao Zhao,Gui-Qiu Zhao,Cheng-Ye Che,Ang Gao,Qiang Xu and Qian Wang 378true METHODS: From January 2011 to February 2012, 38 eyes of 37 patients, who underwent toric intraocular lens implantation in this hospital, were randomly divided into diclofenac sodium eye drops group(trial group)and control group. Patient's degree of cooperation during surgery and inflammation postoperation after 1 day, 3,7, days, 1 month and 3 months were evaluated.

RESULTS: Patient's degree of cooperation during surgery in the trial group(1.53±0.62)was significantly better than in the control group(2.40±0.88, P<0.05). Inflammation reaction was gentle in the trial group 1 day postoperatively.

CONCLUSION: Diclofenac sodium eye drops used during toric intraocular lens implantation can obviously alleviate eye irritation, and increase the cooperation of patients.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:10 Yan Luo,Jie Feng,Ming Lu and Xu-Kang Cheng 377true METHODS:Totally 72 cases(100 eyes)which have performed vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy were retrospectively analyzed to observe the incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension, and the relevant factors that caused postoperative high intraocular pressure were statistically analyzed. Early postoperative ocular hypertension diagnostic criteria: any time after 2 weeks of non-contact tonometer measured IOP> 25mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa).

RESULTS:High intraocular pressure after vitrectomy occurred in 27 eyes(27%), the incidence of male and female were 27.27%, 26.79%, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Eyes filled with balanced liquid filling incidence rate of 30.95%, 6.25%, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Silicone oil tamponade with C3F8 filled group incidence rate of 34.28%, 31.25%, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Incidences of intraoperative panretinal photocoagulation and additional retinal photocoagulation group were 41%, 20%, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Preoperative retinopathy of four, five, six groups of incidence were 9.52%, 23.81%, 40.56%, and the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Unconsolidated preoperative retinal detachment and retinal detachment incidence rate of 19%, 41%, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Surgery in the united lens resection with intraoperative unfederated lens the resection group's incidence rate of 34%, 15%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that retinal detachment preoperative and intraoperative intraocular filling were independent risk factors that caused early postoperative ocular hypertension after vitrectomy.

CONCLUSION:Post-operative ocular hypertension after PDR vitrectomy is related to preoperative retinal detachment, intraoperative lensectomy, intraoperative intraocular filling, and intraoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Retinal detachment preoperative and intraoperative intraocular filling are independent risk factors that caused early postoperative ocular hypertension after vitrectomy. Incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension after PDR vitrectomy is high, harmful. Early detection and individualized treatment can improve the success rate of vitrectomy and the patient's vision.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:10 Shi-Bo Liu and Qi Zhang 376true METHODS: Totally 60 patients(60 eyes)which were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)from January 2009 to December 2010. Sixty patients(60 eyes)with subfoveal CNV due to AMD participated in this study. An intravitreal injection of Avastin(1.25mg)was given at baseline and followed by two additional injections of six weeks intervals. The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, the change of lens and vitreous, choroidal leaks by indocyanine green angiography, and central retinal thickness by optical coherence tomography were observed 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the treatment and then compared.

RESULTS: Sixty eyes of 60 patients \〖26 males(26 eyes)and 34 females(34 eyes)\〗 with the average of 62 years old were included. The mean baseline of BCVA and central foveal thickness(CFT)were 1.15±0.41(logMAR), 395.92±94.39μm, respectively. The mean BCVA had significant improvement(logMAR 0.86±0.43)one day after the injection. The mean baseline of CFT also had significant decrease one week after the injection(332.50±68.35μm). At the last of 6 months follow-up, BCVA(logMAR 0.71±0.37), CFT(250.23±35.33μm)showed significant improvements over baseline values. A total of 113 injections were performed and the average number of injections was 1.88 in the group. There was no serious complication during the treatment.

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal Avastin for managing CNV due to age-related macular degeneration is safe and few side-effects. Intravitreal Avastin associated with improvement in VA, which can reduce macular edema and choroidal leakage.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:10 Quan-Liang Zhao,Chun-Xiang Zhang and Yu-Huan Zhao 375true METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 34 patients(35 eyes)with the massive occult CNV accompanied by the wide-ranging subretinal hemorrhage that underwent different treatment and related literatures were reviewed. The 34 patients(35 eyes)were divided to group A(the treatment methods include the macular subretinal hemorrhage and CNV removal surgery, intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, combination of PDT and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, laser photocoagulation)and group B(transplantation of autologous RPE-Bruch membrane complex and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab). The outcome was measured before and after therapy by best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), multifocal ERG(mfERG), optical coherence tomography(OCT), fluorescein angiography(FFA), indocyanine green angiography(ICGA). Autofluorescence tests were also conducted.

RESULTS: During 11.7±6.5 months of follow-up after the end of therapy, the BCVA of group B was elevated in 10 eyes(71.43%, 10/14), constant in 2 eyes(14.29%, 2/14)and decreased 2 eyes(14.29%, 2/14). Besides, no recurrent CNV in group B was found. The BCVA of group B was 4.3±1.1, improving significantly compared with 3.5±0.4 of group B before therapy(P<0.05)and 3.4±0.3 of group A after the end of therapy(P<0.05). The posterior pole retinal average thickness measured by fast macular scans using OCT of group B was 236±71μm, decreasing notably compared with 371±97μm of group B before therapy(P<0.05)and 364±86μm of group A after the end of therapy(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The short-term results of transplantation of autologous RPE-Bruch membrane complex and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab are confirmed and it could increase the visual acuity of patients with the massive CNV accompanied by the wide-ranging subretinal hemorrhage. This positive intervention should be noted in order to save the visual function of such patients.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:10 Lin Li,You Wang,Xue Li and Gang An 374true METHODS: Totally 140 cases(140 eyes)of dry eye were divided into three categories according to eye symptoms. First category: 60 cases(60 eyes)with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)were divided into A₁ group(palpebralis margin treatment group)and B₁ group(control group); Second category: 50 cases(50 eyes)with corneal epithelium damage(corneal fluorescence staining FL Score≥5)were divided into A₂ group(bandage contact lens group)and B₂ group(control group); Third category: 30 cases(30 eyes)with low Schirmer test(Schirmer Ⅰ≤5mm)were divided into A₃ group(lacrimal punctum plug group)and B₃ group(control group). Both former categories treated by 1g/L fluorometholone eye drops and 1g/L hyaluronate sodium eye drops, but received limbus palpebralis cleaning, oral doxycycline in A₁ group and bandage contact lens in A₂ group else. The third category was treated by 10g/L cyclosporine A and carbomer eye gel, but lacrimal punctum plug in A₃ group before received the drug treatment. Two weeks follow up, each case was examined by subjective symptom, cornea fluorescence colouration test, tear break-up time(BUT), and Schirmer test Ⅰ(SⅠt)in the treatment groups(A₁,A₂,A₃)and the control groups(B₁,B₂,B₃), the results pre- and post-treatment were compared. The t test was used for inferential statistics.

RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between treatment groups(A₁, A₂, A₃)and control groups(B₁, B₂, B₃)before treatment. Two weeks after treatment, there was statistical difference between the treatment groups(A₁, A₂, A₃)and control groups(B₁, B₂, B₃)in subjective symptoms and BUT. The difference among A₃ group(lacrimal punctum plug group, in which the lacrimal river line formed were observed 2 weeks after treatment)and B₃ (control group)was statistically significant in SⅠt.

CONCLUSION:On base of anti-inflammatory and use of artificial tears, individualized therapy is an effective and satisfactory clinical curative method in the treatment of dry eye.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:11 Jing Tang,Yu Han,Yi-Min Pu and Qun-Fang Li 373true METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.After the ethic committee approval and written conformed consent were obtained, 80 ASA Ⅰ patients aged 18-50 years undergoing strabismus surgery under local anesthesia were randomly allocated to 4 groups(n=20 each): group P received intramuscular parecoxib(40mg), group B received intramuscular butorphanol(1mg), group D received intramuscular pethidine(50mg), and group N received intramuscular normal saline(2mL). All patients received the drug at 30 minutes before surgery. Basal heart rate(HR)and meananerial pressure(HAP)were recorded on the day before surgery. The intensity of pain was measured using(numeric rating scales)NRS(0-10, 0=no pain, 10=worst pain)and recorded during operation time(T₁). Meanwhile, culocardiacreflex(OCR), nausea and vomiting, and sweating were also recorded. NRS, nausea and vomiting were recorded at 2 hours(T₂), 4 hours(T₃), 8 hours(T₄)after operation.

RESULTS: The NRS scores at T₁ were significantly lower in groups P, B, and D than in group N. OCR, nausea and vomiting, and sweating at T₁ were not significantly different among the 4 groups. The nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in group D than in groups P, B, and N. The NRS scores at T₂ were not significantly different among the 4 groups. The NRS scores in groups D and N at T₃ were significantly higher than those at T₂. And the NRS scores at T₃ were significantly higher in group D and N than groups P and B. The nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in group D than in groups P, B, and N. The NRS, nausea and vomiting were not significantly different among the 4 groups. The NRS scores in groups P and B were not significantly different at T₂, T₃, and T₄.

CONCLUSION:Preemptive analgesia with 40mg of parecoxib for strabismus surgery under local anesthesia is effective intraoperatively and postoperatively, and can reduce the postoperative nausea and vomiting.]]> 2013/5/6 14:25:11 Chun-Jian Li,Hui Yu,Ping Chen and Hua-Qing Gong 372true METHODS:The electronic bibliographic databases were searched,including Medline(1966-01/2011-03), EMbase(1996-2010), Cochrane library, Wanfang database,VIP(1999-2011), CNKI, the radomized controlled trials of TCM treatment compares with Western medicine treatment of the glaucoma were assembled Data were extracted and evaluated by two reciewers independently with a designed extraction formation by Meta-analysis based on the Cochrane net suggestion.

RESULTS:A total of 8 theses written in Chinese were retrieved,including 719 patients.The results of Meta-analysis showed the combination therapy of TCM and western therapy significant improves the effect of neuroprotection(P<0.01). In order to boost and qualify the curative effects of the aucupuncture, more precise samples should be designed and a multi-research central need to be bulit. however, according to the existing cases, the evidences of the effectiveness are weak due to the limited numbers of samples and the methodological defect.

CONCLUSION: The existing evidence supports the combination therapy of TCM and western medicine stronger than the only used of western medicine(P<0.01). But owing to the limited studies and few number of TCM treatment for glaucoma's neuroprotection, the large sample andmulticenter random ized controlled trial is still needed to verify the superiority of TCM for neuroproctive effect of glaucoma's teatment.]]> 2013/4/7 15:27:38 Wen-Juan Li,Qing-Hua Peng and Han-Yu Tan 371true METHODS:Total 420 eyes of 210 healthy volunteers were analyzed. These were divided into three groups: young group(YG, n=70, 140 eyes, 18 to 40 years old), medium group(MG, n=70, 140 eyes, 41 to 60 years old), old group(OG, n=70, 140 eyes, more 61 years old). Corneal thickness in central zone and inner-ring and outer-ring zones were measured by using FD-OCT.

RESULTS:The thinnest zone was 527.19±1.72μm in central cornea zone, and the thickest zone was 582.42±2.50μm in superior in outer zone. Differences of corneal thickness were not significant in different measured zones(P>0.05). Average values of corneal thickness made by FD-OCT was better consistent and highly correlated for three groups(right eye: YG-MG: r=0.949, MG-OG: r=0.924,YG-OG: r=0.981. left eye: YG-MG: r=0.996, MG-OG: r=0.901, YG-OG: r=0.876).

CONCLUSION: Measurement of cornea thickness by FD-OCT is more reproducible, reliable and convenient, and may better represent actual cornea thickness.]]> 2013/4/7 15:27:38 Liu Yang,Yuan-Zhen Qu,Cui-Fang Liu,Wen Lu and Feng-Jun Liu 370true METHODS: Color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)was used to quantitate peak systolic velocity(PSV), end diastolic velocity(EDV)and resistence index(RI)of the ophthalmic artery(OA), the temporal posterior ciliary artery(PCA₁), and nasal posterior ciliary artery(PCA₂), in the control group(15 patients)and 45 DM patients. Statistic software was used to analysis the hemodynamic parameters.

RESULTS: Relative to the control, the EDV, PSV and RI have changed in non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR), non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), and the differences are more evident according to the severity of DR.

CONCLUSION: We conserved the choroidal circulatory properties of DM. CDFI is very valuable to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in diabetic eyes, and has important significance in the early impression of diabetic choroidopathy.]]> 2013/4/7 15:27:38 Ke-Jun Li,Qing-Min Ma and Su-Ting Dong 369true METHODS:Patients with pterygium were selected. They were divided into 2 groups in random: simple pterygium excision was performed in group A; pterygium excision with limbal stem cell transplantation was performed in group B. The results of visual acuity, astigmatism, corneal curvature and central anterior chamber depth were tested between pre-surgery, post-surgery 15 day and post-surgery 1 month.

RESULTS:Visual acuity seemed to be mostly unaffected up to a height of 2.5mm. Naked visual acuity of post-surgery was better than that of pre-surgery. Corneal horizontal curvature on post-surgery was statistically and significantly improved. Corneal vertical curvature: group A, the corneal vertical curvature of post-surgery was higher than that of pre-surgery(P<0.05); 15 days postoperatively, the vertical curvature of group B had no statistical difference with that of pre-surgery(P>0.05), and 1 month postoperatively, the vertical curvature was higher than that of pre-surgery and post-surgery 15 days(P<0.05). Corneal mean curvature on post-surgery was statistically and significantly better than that of pre-surgery.

CONCLUSION: The patient's naked eye visual acuity is improved after pterygium surgery; the horizontal diameter line curvature of the cornea is ascended, but the vertical diameter line curvature of the cornea did not change significantly.]]> 2013/4/7 15:27:38 Qi-Guan Li,Wei-Mei Huang,Si-Min Chen,Xiao-Qiong Lai and Ling Zhou 368true METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, unmasked clinical trial was performed. Patients with age-related cataract who were to undergo phacoemulsification were divided into two groups: multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)vs monofocal intraocular lens(SIOL). 10 patients were included in each group. In the group of MIOL, patients got implantation of ReZoom NXGl MIOL in the dominant eye and ReSTOR SA60D3 MIOL in the fellow eye while patients in the group of SIOL got implantation of Sensar AR40e IOL bilaterally. One month postoperatively, distance, mid-range and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, focal depth were measured. Satisfaction of visual quality was investigated by questionnaire.

RESULTS: One month postoperatively, the patients in the MIOL group were satisfied with distance visual acuity, meanwhile they achieved better mid-range and near visual acuity compared with patients in the SIOL group. Under mesopia condition, SIOL implantation gave better contrast sensitivity in spatial frequency at 3 cpd, and no difference was observed in other spatial frequency, while under photopia condition, no significant difference was observed among all the five types of spatial frequency. The focal depth of MIOL was 5.30D, which was significantly higher than 2.85D of the SIOL. Satisfaction of visual quality of near and mid-range was significantly higher in the MIOL group.

CONCLUSION: Customized implantation of intraocular lens after phacoemulsification provides better visual acuity and visual quality postoperatively.]]> 2013/4/7 15:27:38 Cang-Hai Tu,Jun-Long Ai and Li-Xing Huang 367true METHODS: Totally 41 cases(41 eyes)of persistent corneal epithelial defects of ocular chemical injury in our hospital treated with 100% autologous serum were identified and reviewed. The curative effect after the use of 100% autologous serum tear in persistent corneal epithelial defects of ocular chemical injury patients was observed.

RESULTS: The curative effect of acidic ocular chemical injury was better than alkaline ocular chemical injury, with significant difference(χ²=4.120, P=0.042); The curative effect of corneal epithelial defects of small area was better than corneal epithelial defects of large area, with significant difference(χ²=5.857, P=0.016); The curative effect of small range ischemia of conjuntiva and limbus cornea was better than wide range ischemia, with significant difference(χ²=4.137, P=0.042). In 7 invalid cases, 2 cases had undergone conjunctival flap masking operation, 5 cases had undergone amniotic membrane transplantation.

CONCLUSION: The use of 100% autologous serum in persistent corneal epithelial defects of ocular chemical injury is safe and effective. It could accelerate the repair of corneal epithelial defects, reduce complications. It would have a good prospect of clinical application.]]> Cheng-Bin Fu,Wei-Xia Yu and Zhi-Ling Zou 366true METHODS: Wave-front aberrations were evaluated by NIDEK Optical path differences(OPD)in 50 eyes of 25 high myopia patients who received ICL implantation preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. The results were analyzed by Student's t test.

RESULTS:The Zernike functional values of total aberration and internal total aberration in 6mm pupil size area of the postoperative eyes implanted with ICL were found significantly statistical lower(P<0.05)than those of the preoperative eyes. The Zernike functional values of total high-order aberration, total spherical-like aberration, total coma-like aberration, total trefoil-like aberration and internal total coma-like aberration were found significantly statistical higher(P<0.05)than those of the preoperative eyes. The Zernike functional values of cornea aberration were not found significantly statistical changes compared with those of the preoperative eyes.

CONCLUSION: Although total aberrations could be decreased by implantable collamer lens implantation in high myopia eyes, high-order aberrations such as total spherical-like aberrations, total coma-like aberrations and total trefoil-like aberrations are increased in certain degree.]]> Yu-Pu Liu,Xue-Dong Li,Yuan-Yuan Lu,Qiao-E Gong,Pei-Pei Liu and Jun Kong 365true METHODS: Forty-two normal subjects(42 eyes), 84 patients with open angle glaucoma(OAG, 84 eyes)were examined with GDxVCC, SWAP and SAP. Receiver's operating characteristic(ROC)curves of RNFL parameters were described and compared. The sensitivity and specificity of GDxVCC, SAP and SWAP on glaucoma diagnosis were calculated.

RESULTS: The area under ROC curve of GDxVCC parameters were: NFI(0.87), IES(0.85), IA(0.80), TSNIT(0.77), SA(0.76)respectively. The sensitivity of GDxVCC, SWAP, SAP were 80.6%, 74.2%, 67.8% respectively, and the specificity were 95.2%, 85.7%, 76.2% respectively.

CONCLUSION: NFI and IES are the best indices to distinguish normal subjects from patients with glaucoma. GDxVCC has the best diagnostic capability, SWAP is the second.]]> Qing Zhang,Xiao-Bo Xia and Ping-Bao Wang 364true METHODS: Totally 132 patients were randomly divided into the periglomerular injection group(n=74)giving periglomerular injection of 2.5mg dexamethasone for 7 days and systemic administration group(n=58)giving dexamethasone 10mg intravenous for 5 or 7 days. 59 patients of with cerebral vasospasm or lacunar infarction in department of neurology were selected as control group not giving dexamethasone. Three groups of patients were given systemic enlarging vascular drugs and nutrition nerve drugs. We checked visual acuity, visual fields, weight change, and learned the adverse reactions 4 to 7 days after treatment.

RESULTS: Both visual acuity and field of vision were significantly improved in periglomerular of dexamethasone injection group and systemic administration group. Visual acuity and Visual fields of the control group increased slightly. Appetite hyperactivity, fatigue, insomnia, weight gain and other adverse reactions were distinctly in systemic administration group.

CONCLUSION: It is worth spreading of the primary hospital that the treatment of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy by periglomerular injection of dexamethasone.]]> Xiao-Min Chen,De-Chang Han,Xiang-Dong Wei,Yan Zhou and Wen-Guang Li 363true METHODS: This study enrolled eyes that had AcrySof toric IOL implantation. The AL was measured using optical coherence biometry or immersion A-scan biometry. Corneal astigmatism was determined by manual keratometry and topography. The IOL alignment was vertical, horizontal, or oblique.Rotational stability was measured using the purpose- designed software, and the mean absolute difference was determined. The effect of AL and IOL alignment on rotational stability was determined 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: The study evaluated 168 eyes(168 patients). The mean AL was 24.12±1.62(range 19.33 to 29.04)mm. The median IOL rotation was 0.4 degree from baseline to 1 week, 1.1 degree from 1 week to 1 month, 0.3 degree from 1 to 3 months, and 0.2 degree from 3 to 6 months. The maximum rotation occurred between 1 week and 1 month. There was a strong correlation between AL and IOL rotation at 6 months(r = 0.92, P<0.01). The mean absolute difference at 6 months was not significantly different between the 3 axis placement categories when correlated with the rotation(P=0.102, analysis of variance).

CONCLUSION: Toric IOL rotation is greater in eyes with a longer AL. Alignment of the IOL in the capsular bag have no influence on rotation.]]> Ting-Ting Peng and Qing Zhang 362true METHODS:A total of 235 myopic patients(470 eyes)who were going to undergo myopic LASIK were included in this study. The ocular dominance was examined by card-hole method before LASIK operation and checked 1 month, 3, 6, 12 months after operation. The patients' best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before operation and the visual acuity after LASIK operation were compared with ocular dominance and non-ocular dominance, and then measured by the questionnaire of vision function.

RESULTS:The right ocular dominance was common in myopic patients, occupying 67.2%. There was good consistency between ocular dominance and BCVA eye, the coincidence was 81.1%. There were not any changes of ocular dominance in 220 cases, but 15 cases changed the ocular dominance, five of them were exotropias(>15°).

CONCLUSION: There are more right ocular dominance in myopic patients and most of them was best-corrected visual eye. The visual activity of ocular dominance's changing or exchanging ocular dominance had effects on euphoropsia in early postoperation but few effects finally.]]> Jing Dong and Yue-Lan Feng 361true METHODS: An electronic search was performed inPubMed, Web of Knowledge, Wanfang data and CNKI. Afterwards we carried out a random-effect meta-analysis, followed by subgroup analysis on latitude and sample size, along with sensitivity analysis.

RESULTS: Totally 7 studies including 3247 cataract patients were eligible among 208 papers screened in our search. The odds ratio(OR)was 1.20(95%CI, 1.01-1.38). Subgroup analysis indicated latitude was covariate that led to heterogeneous. Sensitivity analysis confirmed our results' stability.

CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis results prompted hypertension can increase the risk of cataract of the Chinese population.]]> Li-Wen Hu and Yang Liu 360true METHODS: Seventy-eight patients(156 eyes)performing off-flap Epi-LASIK were randomized into experimental and control groups. Forty patients(80 eyes)were in experimental group and thirty-eight patients(76 eyes)in control group. The two groups were treated with compound tobramycin eye drops, tears naturale eye drops for 7 days, four times a day, then the conventional artificial tears and 1g/L fluorometholone were given. Protein-free calf blood extract eye gel for 7 days, four times a day were given in the experimental group, the follow-up time was 6 months, the postoperative pain, time of corneal epithelial recovery, visual acuity and corneal subepithelial opacity(haze)were examined at special time in two groups. Clinical outcomes were compared between groups.

RESULTS: The mean time of corneal epithelial recovery was(2.89±1.06)days in the experimental group and(4.22±1.47)days in the control group. Compared with the control group, outcome of rapider reepithelialization was found in the experimental group, there was statistical difference(t=6.45, P<0.05). The average pain score of experimental group was(1.70±0.44)on the first day and(1.02±0.60)on the second day, the control group was(2.89±0.43)and(1.71±0.55), the experimental group obviously had milder pain, there was statistical difference(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in visual acuity and haze between the two groups(P >0.05).

CONCLUSION: Protein-free calf blood extract eye gel has effectiveness on reducing ocular pain and promoting cornea epithelial healing after Epi-LASIK, the application is safe and has shorter onset time.]]> He Yin,Zheng-Wei Shen,Li Jiang,Lin-Ping Xue,Ting Mo,Li Li and Jin-Tao Wu 359true METHODS: Totally 60 patients(120 eyes)with high myopia received corneal refractive surgery. Preoperative spherical equivalent of patients was from -6.00D to -9.00D, and the mean was -7.20±1.18D, the mean corneal thickness was 511±17.93μm. Then the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), residual corneal thickness, diopter, corneal topography, simulated keratoscope reading(SIMK), corneal irregularity measurement(CIM), and shapa factor(SF)were examined preoperatively and 1 month, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: The percentage of UCVA exceeding and being equal to 1.0 at 1 month, 3, 6 months after TOSCA was 96%, 97%, 98%. The diopter after TOSCA was improved evidently and turned to be stable at 6 months. The percentage of corneal topographic pattem after 1 month, 3 and 6 months including smooth pattem was 86%,93%,96% respectively while was relatively stable, and other pattem was seldom. No central islet was fond. Other rectomy shape became regulating gradually. At 1 month, 3 and 6 months post-operation, Simk equivalent value and Simk difference value decreased significantly, and the value of corneal irregularity measurement(CIM)increased too. While the value of corneal shape factor changed to negative direction. These above mentioned parameters showed statistically significant difference compared with those of pre-operation(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Examination and analysis on the cornmeal topography before and after TOSCA can clearly display the morphological change of the corneal surface topography and morphology, which helps carry out TOSCA individually and achieve perfect correction.]]> Ai-Hong Zhao,Xue-Yan Liu and Xiao-Fang Liu 358true METHODS: Totally 60 cases(68 eyes)of confirmed primary acute angle-closure glaucoma were randomly divided into two groups. Group A(four-needle suture of scleral flap)were 30 cases(33 eyes). Group B(two-needle suture of scleral flap)were 30 cases(35 eyes). Postoperative intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth and filtering bleb shape were compared. All cases were followed-up for 6 months.

RESULTS:(1)On the 2^nd postoperative day, compared intraocular pressure(IOP)of both groups, the difference was statistically significant(t = 5.8765, P <0 05); 2 weeks of post-operation, compared IOP of both groups, there was no statistically significant difference(t=1.2347, P>0.05); In the 1^st month after operation, compared IOP of both groups, the difference was not statistically significant(t=1.4350, P>0.05); In the 3^rd month postoperatively, compared IOP of both groups, the difference was not statistically significant(t=1.3548, P>0.05); 6 months after operation, compared IOP of both groups, there was no statistically significant difference(t=1.5753,P>0.05).(2)On the 2^nd postoperative day, the incidence rate of shallow anterior chamber in group A was 6%, and that of group B was 17%. Shallow anterior chamber in group A was mainly shallowⅠ. Compared the incidence rate of shallow anterior chamber between both groups, the difference was statistically significant(χ ²=6.4513, P<0.05); 1 week after operation, the incidence rate of shallow anterior chamber in group A was 0 and 3% in group B respectively. Compared the incidence rate of shallow anterior chamber between both groups, the difference was not statistically significant(χ ²=0.7341, P>0.05).(3)functional filtration bubble formation rate of patients of two groups in 1 month and 6 months postoperatively: that of 1 month after operation in group A was 97% and 94% in group B respectively, compared them between two groups, the difference was not statistically significant(χ ²=0.7301, P>0.05); That of 6 months after operation in group A was 88% and 86% in group B respectively, the difference was not statistically significant when compared them between two groups(χ ²=0.8172,P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: In primary acute closed-angle glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy, four stitches of the scleral flap can better control IOP in the short term, and reduce the incidence rate of early shallow anterior chamber.]]> Jin-Zi Zhou,Shu-Hong Wang,Jin-Ru Wei and Xiao-Feng Li 357true METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients(200 eyes, aging from 10 to 18 years old)were followed up for six months. All patients wore night orthokeratology lens after standard optometry for spectacles. The therapeutic effect and complications, subjective feeling were observed.

RESULTS: All patients after six months wearing felt favorable. Uncorrected visual acuity was improved after six months, the difference was significant(P<0.01). Diopters and K value were lower than the past. The difference was significant(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the ocular axial length, corrected visual acuity of before and after treatment.

CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology lens are safe and effective for treating mild and middle myopia of teenager's. But the further study is needed to ensure the safety and effectivity for long wearing.]]> Xiu-Fang Lü,Hao-Jiang Yang,Li Zhang,Wen-Lin Li,Li He and Man-Rong Wu 356true METHODS: Clinical data of 84 patients 84 eyes with PACG from August 1, 2011 to November 30, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Nineteen PACG patients 19 eyes were determined with choroidal or ciliary detachment by ultrasound biomicroscope(UBM)and B ultrasound examination. The anterior anatomical features, UBM and B ultrasound imaging, as well as the treatment outcome of those patients were analyzed.

RESULTS: The IOP was(50.4±6.5)mmHg and the central anterior chamber depth was(1.65±0.12)mm in eyes without choroidal or ciliary detachment; and the IOP was(7.93±4.3)mmHg and the central anterior chamber depth was(1.29±0.1)mm in eyes with choroidal or ciliary detachment. UBM and B-ultrasound: secondary choroidal detachment in 10 cases, ciliary body detachment in 4 cases, choroidal and ciliary detachment in 5 cases, all cases received the conventional glaucoma surgery combined with appropriate amount of glucocorticoid treatment, and all of the detachment was reset.

CONCLUSION: Acute attack of PACG can often cause ciliary body and choroidal detachment, and pre-treatment IOP is higher. The duration of remission is shorter. The choroid and ciliary are in the higher risk of detachment. The direct sign of choroidal or ciliary detachment is low IOP, shallower anterior chamber, and it's most reliable way to check is UBM. The conventional anti-glaucoma surgery combined with the amount of glucocorticoid is effective treatment for these patients.]]> Cong Ma,Qin Zhu and Zhu-Lin Hu 355true METHODS: Totally 175 patients admitted from January 2006 to January 2012, according to whether had a family history or not, were divided into control group and observation group. Control group oral took vitamin B1 tablets, mecobalamin tablets; observation group oral took vitamin B1 tablets, mecobalamin tablets and combined with methylprednisolone injection. Both groups were draw veinal blood. mtDNA 11778, 3460, 14484 and other mutation hot spot were tested. The age, rate of mutation, mutation, and logMAR best-corrected visual acuity were analyzed.

RESULTS: Observation group: male 78 cases, female 34 cases, maximum age of 42 years, minimum of 8 years, and average was 23±4.5 years. The mtDNA mutation negative was in 59 cases, mtDNA mutations were in 53 cases, G11778A in 41 cases, T14484C in 5 cases, G3460A in 2 cases, G15927A in 1 case, A15951G in 1 case, G11696A in 1 case, G11778A+G11696A in 1 case, G11778A+G3316A in 1 case. The mtDNA mutation negative average best-corrected visual acuity was 1.11±0.31logMAR. Control group: male 46 cases, female 17 cases, the maximum age of 44 years,minimum of 7 years, average were 18±6.5, G11778 mutation in 53(84.1%), T14484C mutation in 8(12.7%), G3460A mutation in 2(3.2%), the average visual acuity was 1.13±0.32 logMAR.

CONCLUSION: In patients with suspected LHON, age at onset of LHON patients was relatively large. The result showed mtDNA G11778A accounted for the majority of mutations, presence of multiple mtDNA mutation and other mtDNA mutation; it is not sensitive to glucocorticoid treatment, and best corrected visual acuity was 1.1 logMAR.]]> Shi-Peng Xie,Hui-Jun Shi,Yong-Ye Chang,Hao Wang and Ming-Lian Zhang 354true METHODS: From December 2009 to January 2011, 59 patients with complicated ocular trauma were selected as objects in our hospital. They were divided into observation group and control group, according to different treatment methods. Observation group(vitreoretinal surgery group, n=31, 54 eyes)and control group(conventional operation group, n=28, 53 eyes). A retrospective analysis was made on vision and complications.

RESULTS: There were no significantly differences for the vision before surgery in two groups. In observation group, the normal vision rate for the patients was 31.5%(normal vision: >0.01), it was obviously higher than before the surgery and after the surgery in control group. The surgery success rate included functions cure and anatomy cure: in observation group, the surgery success rate was 87.1%, secondary glaucoma in 3 cases(5.6%), corneal degeneration in 3 cases(5.6%), optic nerve atrophy in 2 case(3.7%), the incidence of complications was 14.9%, P<0.05. There were significant differences after statistical analysis.

CONCLUSION: Vitreoretinal surgery for the treatment of complicated ocular trauma can improve the curative effects and reduce the rate of blindness. It is a more effective surgery method for the treatment of complicated ocular trauma.]]> Yan Wang,Ruo-Xi Li and Xin-Hua Wang 353true METHODS: Fifty patients(50 eyes)with PACG were enrolled in the study. Before and 1 day, 6 months after LPI, comparison of intraocular pressure(IOP)was measured, comparison of anterior segment parameters such as central corneal thickness(CCT), central anterior chamber depth(CACD), peripheral anterior chamber depth(PACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber angle(ACA), lens thickness(LT)and pupil diameter(PD)were analyzed by the Pentacam system. The axial length(AL)of eye was measured by IOL-Master, and then comparison of relative position of the lens(RPL)was estimated.

RESULTS: There were no differences among the IOP before and 1 day, 6 months after LPI. The Pentacam system clearly showed the convex configuration of the iris was flattened and the peripheral AC depth was deepened after LPI. Before and 1 day, 6 months after LPI, no statistic changes of CCT were found(548.02 ±20.22mm, 549.32±21.78mm, 551.34±26.37mm, respectively); no statistic changes of CACD were found(1.65±0.28mm, 1.72±0.31mm, 1.71±0.23mm, respectively); no statistic changes of PD were found(2.32±0.55mm, 2.20±0.39mm, 2.38±0.40mm, respectively); no statistic changes of LT were found(1.90±0.55mm, 1.82±0.39mm, 1.98±0.40mm, respectively); no statistic changes of AL were found(23.08±1.05mm, 22.91±1.12mm, 22.94±0.96mm, respectively); no statistic changes of RPL were found(0.118±0.035, 0.126±0.041, 0.121±0.028, respectively). PACD was deepened, temporal from 0.88±0.31mm to 1.19±0.25mm(1 day), 1.17±0.30mm(6 months), superior(0.83±0.32mm, 1.01±0.42mm, 1.02±0.36mm), nasal(0.80±0.42mm, 0.95±0.21mm, 0.94±0.24mm), inferior(0.83±0.34mm, 1.13±0.14mm, 1.12±0.25mm); ACV was increased from 57.06±18.43mm³ to 80.65±20.02mm³(1 day), 81.43±17.21mm 3(6 months); ACA was widened from 27.02°±6.65° to 30.41°±5.87°(1 day), 31.52°±6.98°(6 months), which were increased significantly between before and after LPI, and no difference between 1 day and 6 months after LPI.

CONCLUSION:LPI can induce dramatic changes of 3-D anterior segment morphology in the fellow eye of acute primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG). The changes of AC after LPI can be demonstrated by Pentacam qualitatively and quantitatively.]]> Yu-Qun Zhang,Lin-Lu Tian,Yi Zhang and Dong-Sheng Zhao 352true METHODS: Contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity were evaluated in 52 eyes of 27 high myopia patients undergoing ICL implantation. We tested the contrast sensitivity pre-operation and 1 week after operation with best spectacle visual correction. The test included 4 modes which were day and night, with and without glare and 5 space frequents were 1.5c/deg, 3c/deg, 6c/deg, 12c/deg, 18 c/deg.

RESULTS: The mean value of uncorrected visual acuity after ICL implantation was 4.8558±0.6960(ranged from 4.5 to 5.1). The postoperative contrast sensitivity values were found significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of the preoperative eyes. One week, 1 month, 3 months postoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: ICL implantation improves the contrast sensitivity and visual function of the high myopia eyes.]]> Qiao-E Gong,Yu-Pu Liu,Pei-Pei Liu,Xue-Dong Li,Na Yang,Jin-Song Zhang and Jun Kong 351true METHODS: A total of 56 cases were studied retrospectively. Patients in group A(31 cases with 55 eyes)were implanted in Bigbag intraocular lens and patients in group B(25 cases with 40 eyes)were implanted in US intraocular lens. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), anterior chamber depth, and post operative complications were measured and compared 3 months after surgery.

RESULTS: There was no significantly difference between group A and B in BCVA 3 months after surgery. Anterior depth of group A was deeper than group B, which was statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Three month after surgery, patients in group A(5 eyes, 9.1%)who felt more floating shadows were less than patients in group B(10 eyes, 25.0%), which was statistically significant difference(P<0.05); The incidence of posterior capsule opacification(PCO)in group A(2 eyes, 3.6%)is less than patients in group B(3 eyes, 7.5%), which was statistically significant difference(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Bigbag has obvious advantages such as reducing complications and the incidence of PCO than US for patients of high myopia with cataract.]]> 2013/11/25 11:01:52 He-Ting Liu,Li-Ming Tao and Yuan Xing 350true METHODS: The data of age-related cataract patients were retrospectively analyzed from March, 2013 to June, 2013 in our hospital. Preoperative measurements of ocular biological parameters and calculation of intraocular lens(IOL)degree using SRK/T's formula with ultrasound, keratometry and Lenstar were performed. Cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation in capsule was taken in every patient. Retinoscopy was taken postoperatively after 3 months. Comparison of the two inspection methods for measuring axial length, mean corneal curvature and postoperative refractive PE and absolute value of PE(APE).

RESULTS: Preoperative axial length was 24.68±1.70mm and 24.42±1.65mm with Lenstar and ultrasound, respectively, and there was significant difference(t=-12.688, P<0.001)and significant correlation(r=0.992, P<0.001)between different measurement, and the 95% LoA was in the range between -0.18mm and 0.69mm. Preoperative corneal curvature was 44.22±1.03D and 44.19±1.04D with Lenstar and keratometry, respectively, there was no statistical differences between two methods(t=-1.241, P=0.217), but was the significant correlation(r=0.963, P<0.001), and 95% LoA between 0.52D and 0.58D. PE was 0.05±0.23D and -0.35±0.76D with Lenstar and ultrasound, respectively(t=-5.494, P<0.001). APE were 0.18±0.14D and 0.56±0.62D with Lenstar and conventional ultrasound, respectively(t=6.379, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Accurate ocular biological parameters can be achieved with Lenstar, and postoperative PE is more precise with Lenstar compared with conventional ultrasound. Lenstar can be used for precise calculation of IOL degree in cataract operation.]]> 2013/11/25 11:01:52 Hou-Cheng Liang,Ting Ma and Tan Long 349true METHODS: From January, 2011 to December, 2012, 110 patients with high myopia cataract were selected as the research objects in our hospital. They were randomly divided into observation group(emulsification aspiration and intraocular lens implantation group, n=56)and control group(conventional surgery group, n=54), the visual recovery and postoperative complications were observed in two groups and a comprehensive analysis were made.

RESULTS: This study showed: in observation group, 30 cases with the visual recovery back to above 0.5, 24 cases with the vision of 0.3-0.5, 2 cases with the vision of less than 0.3; In control group, 20 cases with the visual recovery back to above 0.5, 22 cases with the vision of 0.3-0.5, 12 cases with the vision of less than 0.3; The values were better than the control group, there was statistical significant differences(P<0.05). In observation group, 2 case was postoperative capsular membrane rupture, 2 cases were detached vitreous, the complication rate was 7.1%; In control group, 3 cases were postoperative capsular membrane rupture, 3 cases were detached vitreous, 2 cases were suspensory ligament rupture, the complication rate was 14.8%; there was statistical significance when compared observation group with the control group(P<0.05). The study showed: the observation group in postoperative refractive deviation <±0.50D in 46 cases(82.1%), refractive error value >±0.50D in 10 cases(17.9%), the control group with postoperative refractive deviation <±0.50D in 38 cases(70.4%), refractive error >±0.50D in 16 cases(29.6%), compared to the observation group and the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The curative effects of phacoemulsification aspiration and intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of high myopia with cataract is effective, and it has the advantages of small incision, less intraocular tissue injury and short postoperative visual function recovery time. Therefore, it is an effective and safe treatment for high myopia with cataract, and it is recommended in clinical application.]]> 2013/11/25 11:01:52 Xiu Jiang 348true METHODS: In this case-control study, twenty NTG patients, twenty-one POAG patients and twenty health people were included in the study. Intraocular pressure(IOP)was measured in each group with GAT and DCT. Correlation between the value of IOP measured with DCT and GAT were analyzed. Meanwhile, central corneal thickness(CCT), axial length(AL), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and heart rate(HR)were also measured to evaluate the influencing factor of OPA.

RESULTS: There were significant statistical differences of IOP, OPA, SBP and DBP among NTG patients, POAG patients and healthy controls. There were no significant statistical differences of CCT, AL and HR among those subjects. The OPA were 1.7±0.9mmHg in NTG patients, 2.8±0.7mmHg in POAG patients and 2.4±0.6mmHg in normal controls. There was no significant statistical difference of OPA between POAG patients and normal controls(P=0.502), whereas significant statistical difference of OPA between POAG patients and NTG patients(P=0.001)was observed. Significant statistical difference of OPA between NTG patients and normal controls(P=0.005)was detected. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlation between OPA with AL, SBP and DBP(P<0.05). No significant correlation was found between OPA with IOP, HR and CCT(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: There are differences of OPA among NTG patients, PAOG patients and normal controls. And OPA is influenced by AL, SBP and DBP.]]> 2013/11/25 11:01:52 Jun-Yi Xie,Hao-Quan Lu,Shu-Ke Luo and Shi-Gang Yan 347true METHODS: The 73 cases of small strabismus degree(strabismus degree in -15～-30PD)of basic intermittent exotropia hospitalized patients were analyzed retrospectively. The selected cases are divided into A, B groups: Group A underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession surgery; Group B unilateral small lateral rectus recession combines with small medial rectus shortening surgery. Eyes position, the same time visual, fusion visual, far and near stereoscopic visual postoperative follow-up 6 months were observed and analyzed in both groups.Compare postoperative eyes position anteroposterior rate, undercorrection rate and overcorrection rate; Compare binocular vision recovery rate, undercorrection rate and overcorrection rate. Compare relationships between age and binocular vision recovery rate.

RESULTS: Postoperative anteroposterior ratio of eye position follow-up 6 months: group B was significantly higher than that of group A and difference between the two groups is statistically significance. Postoperative follow-up 6 months binocular fusion function, far and near stereoscopic visual function recovery rate, group B was significantly higher than that of group A and difference between the two groups is statistically significance(P<0.05); Postoperative follow-up 6 months age and single eyes visual function recovery rate: binocular fusion function, far and near stereoscopic visual function recovery rate, 4-12 years old group are higher than 13-30 years old group, difference between the two age groups is statistically significance(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Using unilateral small lateral rectus recession combines with small medial rectus shortening surgery curative effect for the treatment of small strabismus degree of intermittent exotropia. Postoperative anteroposterior ratio eye position, binocular single visual function recovery rate are better than unilateral lateral rectus recession surgery; Early surgery is more advantageous to the binocular visual function recovery.]]> 2013/11/25 11:01:52 Shu-Feng Zheng and Jian-Ming Wang 346true METHODS: Based on the strict control of blood glucose and blood pressure, eighty patients(160 eyes)with mild and moderate sDR were randomized into two groups equally: Buddleja officinalis(15g,tid)and Xueshuangtong capsule administered to group A and only Xueshuangtong capsule administered to group B. They are taken before meals half an hour. The vision, funduscopy, FFA, fundus photography and traditional chinese medcine symptoms(TCMS)were evalutated before and after treatment in 7d,42 d respectively.

RESULTS: There were no significant difference between two groups in terms of patients' gender, age, DM course, visual acuity, course of disease and TCM syndrome.(χ ² _sex=0.472, P>0.05; t_age=1.742,t_{DM condition}=0.716,t_vision=0.662,t_{DR degree}=1.276,t_{DR condition}=0.562,t _TCMS=0.616,P >0.05); Follow up for 42d on average after treatment the effective rate of fundus lesions of group A was 56%and the total effective rate was 82%,while the effective rate of group B was 32% and the total effective rate was 66%. The result showed that the curative effect of group A was better than that of group B. There were statistically significant difference for the effective rate between the two groups(χ²=8.025, P<0.05). The effective rate of TCMS in group A was 50%, and total effective rate was 80%, while group B shows a 24% effective rate and 62% total effective ratet.The result showed that the curative effect of group A was significantly better than that of group B(χ ²=5.980,P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Buddleja officinalis and Xueshuangtong capsule can improve the vision of patients with the mild and moderate sDR patients, the fundus lesions and the TCMS.]]> 2013/10/28 11:29:57 Jun-Ping Deng,Wei Jiang,Yi Shao,Wu-Hua Sun,Hong Hu and Qing Yang 345true METHODS:There were 324 cases(324 eyes)with senile cataract randomly divided into three groups, by the lens loop extracting nucleus method(group A), water irrigation(group B)and nucleus fragmentation within anterior chamber(group C), to complete the process of nucleus division. The time of nuclear removal, complication during operation, the degree of edema of corneal endothelium on the first day after the surgery and visual acuity after surgery were observed and recorded.

RESULTS:The average extracting nucleus time was 45s in lens loop(group A); 34s in water irrigation(group B)and 65s in manual fragmentation(group C).The differences of average time are statistically significant(P<0.05), and the complications in lens loop and manual fragmentation mainly are iris trauma and posterior capsular rupture; the complication in the water irrigation is hyphema. Regarding corneal edema from 0 to 1degree, the difference between group A and group B, group B and group C were statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference between group A and group C had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Regarding the visual acuity on the first day after surgery, the difference between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant(P<0.05), The visual acuity on the 7th day after surgery: the difference between group B and group C were statistically significant(P<0.05). In terms of the visual acuity on 1 momth after surgery: three groups have no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:Manual fragmentation has obvious advantages in removing nuclear above Ⅳ grade; The water irrigation method has fewer complications with low incidence of corner edema, which is more preferable in removing the nuclear below Ⅳ grade.]]> 2013/10/28 11:29:58 Wen-Jiang Liao,Ya-Hong Yan,Xian-Sheng Liu and Mei-Kui Ke 344true METHODS: Totally 48 cases with serious PVR underwent vitrectomy were enrolled in this study. All these cases were divided into two groups: 23 cases in group A underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling; 25 cases in group B underwent vitrectomy without ILM peeling. All patients underwent successful primary vitrectomy using silicone oil. After regular referral, silicone oil was removed, the retina reattached successfully. The results of slit lamp, optical coherence tomography(OCT), best corrected logarithm of minimal angle of resolution(logMAR)visual acuity pre and post operation and secondary epimacular membrane formation were observed and contrasted. Independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test were used to analyze the significance of results with a P value ≤0.05 interpreted as statistically significance.

RESULTS: Secondary epimacular membrane formation was found in one eye in group A, and seven eyes in group B after vitrectomy, the difference was significant. Central macular thickness was 188.36±45.53μm in group A, and 220.42±53.15μm in group B after the removal of silicone oil, the difference was significant. Macular edema was comparatively mild in group with ILM peeling. Image of macular morphology in OCT was more similar to the normal in group A. The final logMAR visual acuity was 1.38±0.60 in group A and 1.61±0.51 in group B, the difference was not significant between these two groups.

CONCLUSION: ILM peeling may prevent the formation of secondary epiretinal membrane, is conducive to the recovery of retinal structure. This technology can be used in vitrectomy for PVR.]]> 2013/10/28 11:29:58 Ning Bao,Zheng-Xuan Jiang,Li-Ming Tao and Dong-Wei Liu 343true METHODS: The study enrolled 80 patients who received LASIK surgery from March 2009 to March 2012 in our hospital. Among them, femtosecond laser was used for 35 patients and microkeratome was used in the other 40 patients, The two groups were compared with each other in postoperative visual quality and the corneal flap.

RESULTS: Visual quality: the two surgical procedures both had significant predictability, efficacy and safety, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative visual aberrations and contrast sensitivity(P>0.05); Corneal flap: There was no significant difference between the two groups in corneal thickness at the same horizontal points(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: LASIK surgeries with femtosecond laser and microkeratome, both produce good outcome of vision and the difference in the postoperative corneal flap thickness between the two techniques is not significantly different.]]> 2013/10/28 11:29:58 Ling Wang,Ye Yu and Qin-Mei Wang 342true METHODS: Retrospective case series research was undertaken. In 2011, there were 150 cases(300 eyes)underwent LASIK surgery from June to September. The patients were divided into 2 groups: flap made by femtosecond laser was group 1; flap made by microkeratome was group 2, with 75 cases(150 eyes)for each group. All surgeries performed stroma ablation with EC5000CX-Ⅱ(NIDEK CO., LTD)by the same surgeon. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), diopter before operation and one week, one month, three months after the operation were compared between two groups, as well as corresponding data of the best corrected visual acuity, wavefront aberrations, the scotopic and photopic contrast sensitivity.

RESULTS: The refractive diopter and uncorrected visual acuity between 2 groups had no significant difference at 1 week,1 month and 3 months after operation. Absolute value of C7, RMS3, RMS6 and RMSh of femtosecond laser group were lower compared with microkeratome group at 1 month after operation(P<0.05). C7 and C14 of femtosecond laser group were also lower at 3 months after operation(P<0.05). At 1 week after operation, the photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity function in two groups decreased for all spatial frequencies, there were statistical differences compared with which before operation(P<0.05). The scotopic and photopic contrast sensitivity of the first postoperative month was increased compared with that of the first postoperative week. Till the third postoperative month, the contrast sensitivity function in two groups restored to preoperative level. The difference showed no statistic significance.

CONCLUSION: LASIK flap made by femtosecond laser can safely and effectively correct myopia and astigmatism. Femtosecond can improve UCVA and visual quality, decrease high order aberration without reducing postoperative contrast sensitivity. Its postoperative outcome is much better than that of LASIK flap made by microkeratome.]]> 2013/10/28 11:29:58 Mu-Zhi Yuan,Ying Lin and Xia Zhang 341true METHODS: A total of 119 cases(119 eyes)who were admitted with the first diagnosis of RD and recovered after operative treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 38 cases received scleral buckling operation, and the other 81 cases received vitrectomy and retinal reattachment operation. The onset age of retinal detachment, the affected area, holes, the macular state, the level of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR), visual acuity before and after operation, and retinal reattachment were studied. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences. Spearman rank correlation was used to test the results of statistical significance.

RESULTS: After retinal reattachment, visual acuity was improved in 65 eyes(54.6%), remained unchanged in 34 eyes(28.6%), and decreased in 20 eyes(16.8%). The influences of the onset age, the duration of retinal detachment, the range of retinal detachment, the hole, the macular state, the level of proliferative vitreoretinopathy had significant influence on recovery of visual acuity(P<0.05). Using spearman rank correlation analysis, we found that the preoperative factors associated with postoperative visual acuity included in the descending order of the correlation degree: the level of PVR(r_s=-0.493, P=0.000), the range of RD(r_s=-0.476, P=0.000), the hole(r_s=-0.411, P=0.000), the macular state(r_s=-0.360, P=0.000), the duration of RD(r_s=-0.334, P=0.000), and the age of the patients(r_s=-0.241, P=0.008).

CONCLUSION: The level of PVR, the range of retinal detachment, the hole, the macular state, the time of RD and the age of patients are important factors influencing the postoperative vision recovery, with the first three being the most important.]]> 2013/10/28 11:29:58 Zong-Bao Liang,Jia-Na Chen,Wei-Na Li and Chao Li 340true METHODS: Seventy–nine patients with myopic anisometropia(spherical equivalence difference ≥1.00D)were recruited for the study. According to the diopters of spherical equivalence(SE), the eyes were divided into three groups: Group A(SE≥-3.00D), Group B(-6.00Dt-test was used to evaluate the interocular differences in the parameters of each patient. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the difference of parameters between groups.

RESULTS: There was no significant interocular difference in any parameters(P>0.05). The interocular difference of corneal spherical aberration had no correlation with the SE(r_right=-0.013, P_right=0.909; r_left=0.053, P_left =0.641). There were no significant differences in any parameters between Group A, B, C or between Group A', B', C'(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Myopic anisometropic eyes display a high degree of interocular symmetry for a range of anterior eye biometric and optical parameters, indicating that the interocular refraction difference is not caused by anterior segment biometrics or corneal aberrations.]]> 2013/9/23 14:08:04 Qing Wang,Xiao-Nan Liu,Yu-Na Ma,Yi-Li Wu,Gui-Bo Liu,Feng-Hua Ma,Shan-Yao Zhao and Hui Li 339true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in the treatment of myopia.

METHODS:A retrospective analysis of the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), refractive diopters, corneal curvature, central corneal thickness and postoperative complications were performed for the people who has accepted the operation for at least 8 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to their degree of preoperative myopia: -1.00～-6.00D of 92 eyes were in group A; -6.25～-10.00D of 68 eyes in group B; ≥-10.00D of 27 eyes in group C.

RESULTS: More than 8 years after the operation, the UCVA≥1.0 were 73.9%, 52.9% and 22.2% and the refractive diopters were -0.21±0.06D, -0.54±0.12D, -2.33±0.36D in each group. The residual refractive error within ±1.00D was 83.4% and within ±0.50D was 59.4%. There were significant differences between group A and group B/C(P<0.05). More than 8 years after LASIK compared with that one year after the operation, the refractive regression more than 1.00D accounted for 9.09%.

CONCLUSION: LASIK for the treatment of myopia is safe, effective, predictable and stable. Especially for the low to moderate myopia patients who can obtain more satisfactory treatment effect.]]> 2013/9/23 14:08:04 Xiang-Qiong Liu,Jing Li and Cun-Jian Yi 338true in situ keratomileusis: standard laser in situ keratomileusis(S-LASIK), aspheric ablation laser in situ keratomileusis(A-LASIK), and tissue-saving laser in situ keratomileusis(T-LASIK).

METHODS: Retrospective Case Series. From February 2001 to October 2012, 66 patients(112 eyes), who received laser in situ keratomileusis in our hospital and were followed up for more than 6 months, were analyzed retrospectively. The surgery was underwent with 217z excimer laser of Bausch & Lomb and with the 110μm corneal flap made by OUP90 of Moria company. According to diopter, corneal thickness and pupil diameter in dark, different surgical patterns were adopted, and thus the patients were divided into three groups: S-LASIK(n=36), A-LASIK(n=40)and T-LASIK(n=36). The preoperative nocturnal visual satisfaction, nocturnal visual satisfaction in 6 months after the operation, UCVA, BSCVA, spherical equivalent(SE), K value measured by Orbscan II anterior eye segment analysis system, thinnest corneal thickness(TCT)and high-order aberration analysis(C7, C8, C12, RMSh)at 5mm pupil diameter were noted. Changes and relevance of these testing indexes were observed and analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTS: According to the research on nocturnal visual satisfaction in 6 months after surgery, A-LASIK group showed better outcome than S-LASIK group and T-LASIK group. In the same period, SE less than ±0.5D in three groups accounted for 96.43%. RMSh, C7 and C12 in three groups all increased postoperatively(P<0.05). These differences were of statistical significance. In the three groups, the measured ablation depth, compared with estimated ablation depth, increased 14.94±29.81μm, 11.2±10.94μm, 5.83±17.09μm respectively and the ablated depth per unit area and per unit diopter was 0.85±0.27μm/(D·mm²), 0.72±0.08μm/(D·mm²), 0.59±0.09μm/(D·mm²)respectively(P<0.05). T-LASIK and A-LASIK saved 30.59% and 15.29% of corneal tissue compared to S-LASIK.

CONCLUSION: S-LASIK, A-LASIK and T-LASIK can correct myopia and astigmatism effectively. RMSh, C7 and C12 in three groups have all increased postoperatively. The nocturnal visual satisfaction of A-LASIK group is superior to the other two groups, which may be associated with the less change in aberration. Compared with S-LASIK, both A-LASIK and T-LASIK are effective in saving corneal tissue. Ensuring the effect of clinical correction, meanwhile, group T-LASIK reduced the corneal thickness correction to reduce the changes of corneal blomechanics as much as possible.]]> 2013/9/23 14:08:04 Jun Ba,Yan-Hong Li,Yan Wu,Wei Zhu,Yi-Hua Jin and Jing Yu 337true METHODS: Statistics of 251 cases(252 eyes)with ocular trauma on basic information( on gender, age, left or right eye, injury time, injury types, vulnerants and complications, etc.), were summarized and converted into OTS categories(on early clinical vision, with or without ocular rupture, endophthalmitis, perforating injury, retinal detachment, merging to relative afferent pupillary defect, etc.). The likelihood of the final visual acuity was calculated according to the OTS data sheet and compared with that in the OTS study. Scores of patients in different ocular trauma level were compared.

RESULTS: The likelihood of the final visual acuity of this research showed no significant difference from the final visual acuity calculated according to OTS data sheet(no light perception, light perception/hand motion, 0.005-0.095, 0.1-0.4, ≥0.5). The final visual acuity showed positive correlation significantly to the early visual acuity(r=0.772,P=0.000). The case number of final visual acuity at 0.5 in category-1 of OTS was 0. So was the case number of final visual acuity with no light perception in category-5 of OTS.

CONCLUSION: OTS may contribute greatly to initial diagnosis and therapeutic schedule in eye injuries.]]> 2013/9/23 14:08:05 Yin Liu,Bo Qin and Shen-Wen Liu 336true METHODS: All of the randomized controlled trials for the study of ganciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis were collected from Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed, Chinese Bio-medicine Database, China Journal Full-text Database, VIP Database and WanFang Database. Then the data were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently. Risk of bias assessment was evaluated by a tool recommended by Cochrane Library. Revman 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Finally, 14 randomized controlled trials were included, 4 820 patients totally. Subgroups were used according to the number of patients and diseased eyes as well as the difference of follow-up time. For and relapse rate, ganciclovir group was overmatch acyclovir group. There were statistical differences between the two groups \〖RR=1.22, 95%CI(1.10-1.36); OR=4.50, 95%CI(2.02-10.04); RR=0.23, 95%CI(0.10-0.52)\〗. Compared with acyclovir, ganciclovir had less side-effect. There were statistical differences between the two groups \〖RR=0.12, 95%CI(0.03-0.46)\〗. All of the side effects of the two groups can be relieved by themselves.

CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that the ganciclovir is more efficient and safe than acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis.]]> 2014/8/19 14:40:38 Jing-Yuan Li and Shu-Qin Li 335true METHODS: The records of patients treated with intravitreal injection of 1.75mg bevacizumab for ME induced by RVO were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated by complete ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA), etc. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, the change of lens and vitreous, central foveal thickness(CFT)were observed at 1, 2, 3, 6mo after treatment and compared with before treatment. Repeated treatment with intravitreous bevacizumab occurred if there were signs of persistent or recurrent exudation. All the cases were followed up at least 6mo. An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab(1.75mg)was given at 6wk intervals.

RESULTS: Fifty patients(56 eyes)with the average of(57±18.56)years old were included. The mean baseline of BCVA, CFT were(logMAR0.82±0.63),(626.5±178.0)μm respectively. Although there was no significant decrease in mean CFT at 1wk after injection, the mean BCVA had significant improvement. Followed up at mean 10.26±5.87mo, BCVA, CFT showed significant improvements over baseline values. The statistics of CFT at 1, 2, 3mo after injection were significant differences compared with before injection in each of the three groups. CFT at 1, 3, 12mo after injection were(365.11±23.212)μm,(333.42±35.526)μm,(267.6±116.8)μm, which had a significant difference(P<0.001), namely macular retinal thickness was thinner obviously that before treatment, ME was improved obviously. CFT was no significant difference at each time point after injection in the group of BRVO-ME and CRVO-ME(P>0.05). OCT image showed that after injection macular retinal thickness was becoming thinner. FFA showed that after injection macular fluorescein leakage decreased. BCVA was improved by at least two lines in 48 eyes(86%),remained stable in 8 eyes(14%)at the last visit. A total of 112 injections were performed and the average number of injections was 1.96 in the group. About 50% of reinjections gained at least two lines of vision improvement at 1wk following the retreatment. There was no serious complications during the treatment.

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab can improve visual acuity(VA)of RVO(CRVO and BRVO)in patients with ME, relieve ME, reduce the leakage of CNV, and repeated treatment is better. But a prolonged treatment effect needs further observation. There are no serious ocular and systemic complications occurred in our study.]]> 2014/8/19 14:40:38 Zhi-Guang Duan,Yun-Qin Jia,Ni Mo,Yin-Chao Chen,Li-Yun Yu,Tao Tao,Min Liu and Shi-Xue Pu 334true METHODS: Sixty patients who had phacoemulsification with IOL implantation due to high myopia,cataract and corneal astigmatism from January 2010 to June 2013 were randomly divided into observation group(piggyback Toric IOL implantation, both an Acrysoft IQ Toric IOL and a minus foldable acrylic three piece IOL were implanted in the capsular bag, n=30)and control group(foldable IOL implantation, n=30). Postoperative follow-up went on 6mo. Information collected included uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), IOL position, residual astigmatism and complications.

RESULTS: The UCVA increased from 3.52±0.03 preoperatively to 4.78±0.01 at 6mo postoperatively in the observation group, from 3.51±0.03 preoperatively to 4.30±0.13 at 6mo postoperatively in the control group. The observation group's postoperative UCVA was better than that of the control group. There was statistically significant difference(t=3.612, P<0.05). The preoperative corneal astigmatism was 2.97±0.87(1.70-4.27)D in the observation group and 2.92±0.97(1.50-4.90)D in the control group. The postoperative residual astigmatism was 0.48±0.23(0.25-1.00)D in the observation group and 2.87±1.11(1.00-5.20)D in the control group. There was statistically significant difference postoperatively(t=-11.995, P<0.05)between the two groups. No complications occurred.

CONCLUSION: Piggyback implantation using Toric IOL can help to solve the problem of no matching Toric IOL power for the high myopia combined with corneal astigmatism at the current stage. It improves the UCVA and reduces the astigmatism after the cataract surgery.]]> 2014/8/19 14:40:39 Qiong-Yan Tang,Man-Qiang Peng and Ding Lin 333true METHODS:There were 78 patients(78 eyes)who were diagnosed with macular edema caused by BRVO using fundus fluorescence angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT). Group A: randomly selected 26 cases(26 eyes)were given grid laser photocoagulation(GLP). Group B: randomly selected 26 cases(26 eyes)were given GLP first, and then received intravitreal ranibizumab 1wk later. Group C: randomly selected 26 cases(26 eyes)undergone intravitreal ranibizumab first, and then given GLP 1wk later. There was no significant difference in macular edema. We analyzed the changes in the best corrected visual activity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT)before and 1wk, 1,6mo after treatment.

RESULTS: Compared with before treatment, 1wk after treatment: mean value changes of BCVA and CMT were no significant difference in group A(P>0.05); mean value changes of BCVA was improved and mean value of CMT was decreased in groups B and C, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); BCVA and CMT changes between groups had statistical significance(P<0.01); After treatment 1, 6mo: compared with before treatment, mean BCVA was improved in three groups, mean CMT was lower, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01); BCVA and CMT changes between groups were statistically significant(P<0.05); compared with 1mo after treatment, mean BCVA and CMT were no significant difference(P>0.05)between groups A and B after 6mo treatment; mean BCVA improved and CMT average value was decreased in group C, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01); BCVA and CMT changes between groups were statistically significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection ranibizumab combined laser therapy can effectively reduce BRVO induced macular edema, enhance vision acuity. Compared with GLP, combination therapy has more rapid onset of treatment, and reduce macular edema better; Intravitreal ranibizumab should be given in front of the GLP, and the treatment effect is more precise, more stability.]]> 2014/7/22 8:27:35 Cong Zhang,He Xu and Li Xu 332true METHODS: Retrospective analysis. Line selection retinal laser photocoagulation treatment for 103 cases(103 eyes)with RVO, patients were divided into three groups according to the onset time. In group A(46 eyes), course ≤1mo, 28 eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), 18 eyes with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO); 30 eyes were ischemic RVO, 16 eyes were non-ischemic RVO. In group B(38 eyes), 1moRESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity improved rate, retinal hemorrhage, macular edema, absorption, macular center concave thickness decreased of patients with different course after RVO photocoagulation treatment, the early group was better than that of the late, non-ischemic RVO was better than that of ischemic RVO, laser photocoagulation treatment effect BRVO was better than that of CRVO and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: RVO laser photocoagulation in the early intervention treatment can accelerate the retinal hemorrhage, macular edema, absorption, effectively protect the patient's existing vision, improve the long-term vision, and has a certain clinical practical significance.]]> 2014/7/22 8:27:35 Wei Zhang,Da-Guang Bi and Shu-Yan Gu 331true METHODS: The study enrolled 56 cases(100 eyes)of high myopia. Group I comprised 32 cases(58 eyes)receiving ICL implantation and Group II comprised 24 cases(42 eyes)undergoing clear lens extraction. In this study, we evaluated the two groups of subject's the visual and refractive results, intraocular pressure(IOP), endothelial cell density(ECD), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens transparency, the surgical complications as well as visual adverse symptoms before and after surgery.

RESULTS: The postoperative subjects in group I and group II were followed, uncorrected vision acuity(UCVA)>0.5 were 69.0% in group I and 71.4% in group II after 3mo. UCVA>0.5 were 72.4% in group I and 73.8% in group II after 1a. Predictability of the manifest spherical equivalent refraction within ±1.00D was achieved in 62.1% of eyes in group I and 57.1% in group II after 1a. The central vault of the ICL(distance from posterior surface of ICL to the crystalline lens)measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)was 0.35-0.54(0.40±0.16)mm. Twelve point one percent of eyes in group I and 7.1% of eyes in group II had transient mild increase in IOP. Here were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative ECD(P<0.001). Complications of surgery: 1 eye had ICL spontaneous rotation, 2 eyes had anterior subcapsular cataract, 4 eyes noticed halos around lights at night in group I. Three eyes had posterior capsule mild opacification, 3 eyes noticed halos around lights at night, 12 eyes had difficulty in near vision in group II.

CONCLUSION: ICL implantation and clear lens extraction are effective, safe and predictable surgical option for the management of high myopia. No severe complications occurred, but its long time effect and safety still need more time to prove.]]> 2014/7/22 8:27:35 Yan Ju,Xiao-Wei Gao,Bing Ren,Bao-Jiang Li,Yan-Ming Tian and Yu-Kun Hu 330true METHODS: Totally 47 patients(69 eyes)with the idiopathic panuveitis were included in this study, which were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Twenty-four cases(33 eyes)with the method of Western medicine-glucocorticoid and mydriatic were in control group, while 23 cases(36 eyes)with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine were in treatment group. Those patients were followed up 12-36mo, the vision before and after treatment, the therapeutic effects, the complications and the side effects of glucocorticoid were recorded.

RESULTS: Both of two groups' vision after treatment were improved, but the vision of treatment group was better than the control group. The effective rate and the cure rate of the treatment group were increased significantly. Of all of the complications, the incidence rate of complicated cataract and secondary glaucoma of the treatment group were reduced significantly. Of all of the side effects of glucocorticoid, the central excitation, hypertension and central obesity of the treatment group were reduced significantly(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Dialectical therapy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has better therapeutic effect than simple Western medicine treatment of idiopathic panuveitis, and could better reduce the side effect of glucocorticoid long-term use. It is worthy applying in clinical practice.]]> 2014/6/19 9:55:01 Chao Chen,Xing-Lin Yang,Jun Liu and Ling Wang 329true METHODS:Eighty cases(80 eyes)of patients with NPDR who were in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 as group NPDR, 60 cases of patients(60 eyes)without retinopathy who were in the hospital were selected as non-diabetic retinopathy group(NRD)group, meanwhile, 50 healthy people who had health examination in our hospital as control group. The RNFL thickness and visual electrophysiological testing were performed on the study objects in the three groups, and the results were compared among groups.

RESULTS: Group NPDR's above, below, nasal, temporal and average RNFL thickness were 91.52±18.52, 88.63±21.65, 63.62±11.72, 60.42±9.13, 69.36±12.52μm,those of group NPDR were 111.32±21.90, 113.57±22.67, 74.31±11.74, 67.64±12.34, and 97.31±11.43μm,those of group control were 121.65±21.42, 129.32±23.31, 82.42±9.28, 80.32±8.51, 102.54±21.82μm. To compare of average thickness of RNFL of three groups, groups NPDR and NPD were thinner than that of control group; To compare each quadrant phase, above, below, nasal, the RNFL thickness among three groups had statistical significance(P<0.05), while nasal sides had no obviously changes(P>0.05); At the same time, 60'P100 latency(MS), 60'P100 amplitude(V), 15'P100 latency(MS)and 15'P100 amplitude(V)of three groups had statistical significance(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The changes of RNFL thickness have occurred in the early time of NPDR, and mainly the above, below and temporal, and it has a significant relevance with the changes of visual function.]]> 2014/6/19 9:55:01 Dong-Hua Tian 328true METHODS: There were patients(32 eyes)who were diagnosed as PM with CNV. Randomly selected 16 cases(16 eyes)which were given the PDT treatment(PDT group). The remaining were given both PDT and intravitreal injection with ranibizumab(combination group). There is no significant difference on macular edema between two groups. We analyzed the changes in the best corrected visual activity(BCVA), optic coherence tomograph(OCT)and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)before and 1, 6mo after treatment.

RESULTS: One month after the treatment in PDT group: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment(P<0.05). One month after the treatment in combination group: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased significantly compared with that of pretreatment(P<0.01); the changes of BCVA and CMT showed statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.05). Six month after the treatment in PDT group: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment(P<0.05). Six month after the treatment in combination group: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased significantly compared with that of pretreatment(P<0.01); compared with changes of BCVA and CMT in two groups, the difference was significant after treatment(P<0.05). Compared 1mo with 6mo after treatment: there was no significant difference in the BCVA and CMT changes(P<0.05). One month after treatment: in PDT group, FFA showed no leakage or reduced leakage of CNV in 11 eyes(69%), and the fundus remained leaky in 5 eyes(31%); in combination group, FFA showed no leakage or reduced leakage of CNV in 13 eyes(81%); the fundus remained leaky in 3 eyes(19%). Six month after treatment: in PDT group, FFA showed no leakage or reduced leakage in 10 eyes(62.5%); the fundus remained leaky in 4 eyes(25%); two eyes(12.5%)relapsed leakage; in combination group, FFA showed no leakage or reduced leakage of CNV in 15 eyes(94%); the fundus remained leaky in 1 eye(6%).

CONCLUSION: Not only PDT but also PDT and intravitreal injection with ranibizumab can block CNV of pathologic myopia completely or partly, and reduce the danger causing descent of vision. Effects and the stability of the combination therapy is superior to PDT treatment. ]]> 2014/6/19 0:00:00 Cong Zhang,Dong-Ning Liu and Li Xu 327true METHODS: The records of patients treated with intravitreal injection of 1.75mg bevacizumab for AMD were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated by complete ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein and/or indocyanine green angiography. Observation was made on the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, and the changes of lens, vitreous, central retinal thickness(CFT)and total macular volume(TMV), at 1d, 3d, 7d, 1mo and 6mo after the treatment and then compared with those of pre-operation. Repeated treatment with intravitreous bevacizumab occurred if there were signs of persistent or recurrent exudation. And all cases were followed up at least 6mo. An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab(1.75mg)was given once every 6wk.

RESULTS: All 50 eyes of 48 patients with the average of 58±20.46 years old were included. The mean baseline of BCVA and CFT were 0.82±0.53, and 364.97±151.83μm respectively. Although there was no significant decrease in mean CFT and TMV one week after the injection, the mean BCVA had significant improvement. At the last visit of 9.7mo follow-up, BCVA, CRT and TMV showed significant improvements over baseline values. BCVA was improved by at least two lines in 32 eyes(64%),remained stabilization in 18 eyes(36%)at the last visit. A total of 98 injections were performed and the average number of injections was 1.98 for each eye in the group. About 50% of re-injections gained at least two lines of vision improvement one week postoperatively. There were no serious adverse events during the treatment.

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab(avastin)injection for managing CNV due to age-related macular degeneration is safe and few side effects. Intravitreal avastin associated with improvement in visual acuity(VA), which can reduce macular edema and choroidal neovascularization leakage.But a prolonged treatment effect needs further observation.]]> 2014/5/22 9:13:01 Zhi-Guang Duan,Li-Yun Yu,Yun-Qin Jia,Ni Mo,Yin-Chao Chen,Tao Tao,Min Liu,Shi-Xue Pu and Ming-Zhi Li 326true METHODS:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 96 cases(96 eyes)with DME treated in our hospital from October 2008 to May 2012, and the patients were divided into the study group and control group, each group with 48 cases(48 eyes), the control group were only treated with PRP, and for the study group, TA was injected one week before PRP. At 6mo after treatment, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and retinal thickness changes of two groups were compared, the changes of intraocular pressure in two groups was analyzed.

RESULTS:After treatment, two groups were followed up for 6mo, compared with before treatment, the expression of BCVA in control group was reduced, and rise in the study group, with significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05), and during the follow-up period, IOP change was in the normal range for the two groups, with no the difference(P>0.05), the study group had foveal thickness reduction of 9.6μm, the control group was increased by 31.9μm, with significant difference(P<0.05), parafoveal thickness in the study group decreased 5μm, significantly increased 22.1μm in the study group, centre concave surrounding thickness increased 0.4μm in study group and 19.4μm for the control group, with no significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:TA injection in patients with diffuse DME before PRP is safe and effective, and it is superior to simple PRP therapy, and it can be applied in primary hospital.]]> 2014/5/22 9:13:01 Xiao-Yan Huang,Qin-Ying Ye,Yu-Yin Huang and Xiao-Ning Deng 325true METHODS: A total of 126 patients(133 eyes)were divided into two groups that were included in this study. The group(68 eyes of 64 case)with phacoemulsification combined intraocular lens implantation and(65 eyes of 62 cases)with manual small incision cataract surgery(MSICS). There was no complication before and during the surgery. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was examined 1, 3mo before and after surgery. The visual acuity and macular thickness were compared after surgery. The SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The paired t-test was used before and after surgery. Independent-samples t test was used in two groups before and after surgery, α=0.05.

RESULTS: The cataract phacoemulsification group: preoperative and 1mo after surgery, the mean macular thickness was 241.3±10.9μm and 279.7±16.5μm,with significant difference(P<0.01). The mean macular thickness was 245.6±12.6μm 3mo after surgery without statistical difference compared with preoperative(P>0.05). The mean macular thickness was 279.7±16.5μm 1mo after surgery and 245.6±12.6μm 3mo after surgery with statistical difference(P<0.05). Three eyes displayed cystoid macular edema at 1mo after surgery and 2 eyes of them was resolved 3mo after surgery. The group of MSICS: preoperative and 1mo after surgery, the mean macular thickness was 240.5±11.9μm and 280.7±16.8μm,with significant difference(P<0.01).The mean macular thickness was 246.6±13.2μm 3mo after surgery without statistical difference compared with preoperative(P>0.05). One month after surgery and 3mo after surgery, the mean macular thickness were 280.7±16.8μm and 246.6±13.2μm, with statistical difference(P<0.05). Two eyes displayed cystoid macular edema at 1mo after surgery and 2 eyes were resolved 3mo after surgery. Between the two groups pre-operation or after operation for 1, 3mo respectively P values were without statistical difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The macular thickness and macular edema can be found 1mo after cataract phacoemulsification and MSICS. Three months post-operatively, macular edema disappears and does not show statistical difference compared with preoperative. The increase of macular thickness has no obvious relationship with the choice of surgery.]]> 2014/5/22 9:13:01 Fan-Hong Kong,Yan-Ling Wang,Sheng-Wei Wu,Rui Zhang and Xue Li 324true METHODS: This study included 270 cases(54 eyes)with complete data, and followed up 24mo. All the amblyopic children were given standard prescription and were divided into progressive addition glass group, under corrected group and full corrected group. And all were observed for their therapy effect and the average healing time in low hyperopic, moderate hyperopic and high hyperopic children with ametropic amblyopia respectively.

RESULTS: In low hyperopic children, the difference of the therapy effect of the three corrected methods were insignificant in two years. The meam cure time of the three corrected methods were(7.33±2.11)mo in progressive addition glass group;(9.0±3.71)mo in under corrected grope;(12.5±5.17)mo in full corrected group. Three groups of independent samples by paired t-test showed: the difference between progressive addition glass group and under corrected grope(t=1.66, P>0.05)was statistically insignificant; the difference between progressive addition glass group and full corrected grope(t=3.92, P<0.01)was statistically significant; the difference between under corrected grope and full corrected grope(t=2.33, P<0.05)was statistically significant. In moderate hyperopic chileren, the differences of the therapy effect of the three corrected methods were significant in two years(χ²=6.75; P<0.05). The difference between progressive addition glass group and under corrected grope(χ²=6.3; P<0.01)was statistically significant; the difference between progressive addition glass group and full corrected grope(χ²=8.1; P<0.005)was statistically significant. The mean cure time of the three corrected methods were(14.0±4.87)mo in progressive addition glass group;(16.93±4.58)mo in under corrected grope;(17.93±4.42)mo in full corrected group. Three groups of independent samples by paired t-test showed: the difference between progressive addition glass group and under corrected grope(t=2.88, P<0.01)was statistically significant; the difference between progressive addition glass group and full corrected grope(t=3.9, P<0.01)was statistically significant; the difference between under corrected grope and full corrected grope(t=1.01, P>0.05)was statistically insignificant. In high hyperopic amblyopic children, the difference of the therapy effect and the healing time of the three corrected methods were insignificant in two years.(χ²=2.43, P>0.05. t=1.49, P>0.05; t=1.46,P>0.05; t=1.11, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Under standard prescription, application of progressive multifocal glasses provides a new effective treatment for ametropic amblyopia in hyperopic children, and makes up the deficiency of the whole straightening and under correction in clinical treatment.]]> 2014/5/22 9:13:01 Wen-Yuan Zhuo,Chang-Chun Shi and Yu-Lei Lin 323true vs diffractive MIOL ReSTOR in the treatment of cataract.

METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing refractive MIOL ReZOOM with diffractive MIOL ReSTOR were identified by searching CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMbase, WANFANG MED ONLINE, CMJD, SinoMed, and CNKI. Related journals also were hand-searched. Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)was evaluated by simple evaluate method that recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Data extracted by two reviewers with designed extraction form. RevMan software(release 5.2)was used for data management and analysis.

RESULTS:A total of 7 trials(846 eyes)were included for systematic review. Subgroup analyses were used according to different model comparison of ReSTOR MIOL. The results showed a significant difference in the mean of the best distance corrected intermediate visual acuity(BDCIVA)in the ReZOOM MIOL group with WMD= -0.11, 95% CI(-0.16, -0.06)(P<0.0001). It showed a significantly difference in the mean of the uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA), complete spectacle independent rate, halo rate and glare rate in the ReSTOR MIOL group with WMD= 0.09, 95% CI(0.05, 0.14)(P<0.00001), WMD= 2.62, 95%CI(1.76, 3.91)(P<0.00001), WMD=1.35, 95% CI(1.15, 1.60)(P=0.0004)and WMD= 1.29, 95% CI(1.09, 1.53)(P=0.003). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean of the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UCIVA), the best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA)and the best distance corrected near visual acuity(BDCNVA)with WMD -0.03, 95% CI(-0.06, 0.01)(P=0.15), WMD= -0.04, 95% CI(-0.09, 0.01)(P=0.10), WMD= -0.01, 95%CI(-0.04, 0.02)(P=0.55)and WMD= 0.06, 95% CI(-0.06, 0.17)(P=0.32).

CONCLUSION: Patients implanted with ReZOOM MIOL can provide better BDCIVA; patients implanted with ReSTOR MIOL show better UCNVA, are less likely to appear light halo, glare and other visual adverse reactions; correction in spectacles cases, patients implanted with ReZOOM or ReSTOR MIOL have considerable performances in the far and near visual acuity.]]> 2014/5/22 9:13:01 De-Wang Shao,Chun-Yan Yang,Wei Chen,Hua Wang and Bing Liu 322true METHODS: Totally 300 cases(384 eyes)of glaucoma patients in our hospital from May, 2006 to September, 2011 were randomly divided into observation group 160 cases(200 eyes)and control group 140 cases(184 eyes), treated with combined trabeculectomy and traditional trabeculectomy, respectively. Two groups of curative effect were compared, and they were followed up for 1y.

RESULTS: All operations are completed smoothly. At postoperative 1wk, observation group(combined trabeculectomy)and control group(traditional trabeculectomy)in incidence of shallow anterior chamber were 7.5% and 21.7%. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Surgical success rate was 90.0% after 1y in observation group which was obviously higher than 65.2% in the control group(P<0.05); one year postoperatively, functional follicular formation rate of the observation group and the control group were 86.0% and 63.0%, respectively, and the differences had statistical significance(P<0.05); the incidence of postoperative complications of observation group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Combined trabeculectomy for glaucoma receives better curative effect than that of traditional trabeculectomy, and can effectively reduce the occurrence of postoperative shallow anterior chamber, the functional filtering bleb formation as well as long-term success rate of surgery is distinct, and complication is low. Thus, it is suitable for clinical promotion.]]> 2014/4/21 11:07:17 Jing Wang,Ying Jiang,Yu-Min Wen,Jing Jie and Qin Qin 321true METHODS: Sixty patients with glaucoma in our hospital from November 2011 to October 2013 were the observation group, 60 healthy people were the control group, then the hemorheology, Aβ, β-EP, Hcy and ocular hemodynamics indexes of two groups were detected and compared, then the detection levels of patients with different Richardson stages were compared.

RESULTS: The hemorheology, Aβ, β-EP, Hcy and RI of observation group were all significantly higher than those of control group, and the PSV and EDV were obviously lower than those of control group, the fluctuation of patients with higher Richardson stages were all bigger than those of patients with lower Richardson stages,all P<0.05, there were all significant differences between those comparison indexes.

CONCLUSION: The change of hemorheology, Aβ, β-EP, Hcy and ocular hemodynamics indexes of patients with glaucoma are great, and the blood supply of patients with higher stages are worse, and the serum related indexes were higher.]]> 2014/4/21 11:07:17 Kun Zhang 320true METHODS: Fourty-eight eyes of pterygium were recruited, and 24 of them were chosen randomly to use 0.2g/L fluorometholone eyedrops for a week before surgery. The expressions of SDF-1 and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemistry in pterygium and normal conjunctival tissue. The software IPP was applied to the quantitative determination of the optical density of SDF-1 and VEGF.

RESULTS: SDF-1 and VEGF only had expression or no expression in the basal layer of epithelial cells in normal conjunctiva, but expressed in the whole layer of epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells in pterygium. Differences in expression levels between them were statistically significant. The expression of VEGF and SDF-1 in pterygium presented a significant correlation(r=0.5235, P<0.01). The expression levels of SDF-1 and VEGF in pterygium was significantly decreased after using glucocorticoid, thus there was statistic difference.

CONCLUSION:Both SDF-1 and VEGF have important links with the development of pterygium. Glucocorticoid may inhibit neovascularization through decreasing expression levels of SDF-1 and VEGF.]]> 2014/4/21 11:07:17 Zhou-Qiao Lin,Dan-Dan Lin,Pei-Fei Wang,Su-Mei Chen and Hong Wang 319true METHODS: It was a perspective and randomized clinical trial. Totally 135 patients with age-related cataract were selected randomly and underwent MICS. According to the lens nuclear opacity(NO)of LOCSⅢ grading standards, it can be divided into 3 groups as NO2, NO3 and NO4 group. All groups were randomly subdivided into 3 groups(phaco-chop, divide-and-conquer and stop-and-chop group). The observation target included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central corneal thickness(CCT)and endothelial cell count(ECC)before operation and 1mo postoperation, ultrasound time(UST), cumulative dissipated energy(CDE), estimated fluied used(EFU)in operation and complications.

RESULTS:In lens nuclear opacity NO4 coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification, phaco-chop group showed significantly less UST, CDE and EFU than the divide-and-conquer and stop-and-chop groups(P<0.05)and the ratio of endothelial cell loss was significantly lower in the phaco-chop group than in the divide-and-conquer and stop-and-chop groups 1mo after surgery(P<0.05). However, after 1mo surgery, BCVA and CCT among three chop technique groups in different lens nuclear opacity groups had no significant differences(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: All 3 techniques may be effective for coaxialmicroincision cataract surgery in mild and moderate nuclear opacity cataracts. However, in eyes with severe nuclear opacity cataract, the phaco-chop technique can be more effective for phacoemulsification, and less corneal endothelial damage.]]> 2014/3/24 14:01:48 Yan-Li Zhou,Yong Wang,Xian-Yi Bao,Rong Xu,Ting-Ting Peng and Ming Sun 318true METHODS: This study included 29 cases(29 eyes)with developmental refractory glaucoma at such high risks as neovascular,uveitis,aphakia, pseudophakic.Trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 13 cases and trabeculectomy without amniotic membrane transplantation in 16 cases. The outcome measurements included postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP), the used quantity of antiglaucoma medications, the morphologic characteristics of the filtering blebs and complications. All patients were followed for 12mo.

RESULTS: Complete success was seen 11/13(84.6%)in study eyes and 10/16(62.5%)in aontrol eyes at 6mo postoperatively(P<0.05), and 10/13(76.9%)in study eyes and 10/16(62.5%)in control eyes at 12mo after surgery, respectively(P<0.05). IOP decreased from 50.3±11.3mmHg and 49.7±10.7mmHg preoperatively in study and control groups to 15.7±1.1mmHg and 19.8±2.3mmHg respectively at 12mo of postoperation(P<0.05). Early postoperative ocular hypotony developed in 3(18.8%)control eyes owing to excessive filtration but none of them in study eyes. Encapsulated bleb occurred in 6(37.5%)control eyes but only in 1(7.7%)study eyes.

CONCLUSION: In refractory glaucoma,trabeculectomy combined with amniotic membrane transplantation compared to trabeculectomy without amniotic membrane transplantation has higher success rates, better control of postoperative IOP, and less complication rates.]]> 2014/3/24 14:01:48 Shao-Ning Hou and Jia Fu 317true METHODS: A total of 402 eyes from 201 normal Chinese aged from 13 to 18 years old were recruited for this study. Optic disk with 3.4mm diameter circle in different global average, quadrant and part-time bit retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT)was measured by RNFL thickness average analysis program. Their RNFLT at different part-time bit, quadrant and global average RNFLT around the disc were measured by OCT with 3.4mm diameter circle, using the RNFL thickness average analysis program. The data was analyzed with SPSS statistical 19.0. The influences of several factors(such as age, eye side, gender, and ethnic group)on RNFLT were also analyzed.

RESULTS: The global average RNFLT at 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 years old was 108.32±9.42μm, 109.23±9.67μm, 110.36±11.14μm, 111.27±10.21μm, 109.23±9.67μm, 112.11±8.83μm respectively. RNFLT of right eyes was 109.82±8.93μm and of left eyes was 110.33±9.89μm. All of the male's average RNFLT was 110.14±10.02μm, and all of the female's average RNFLT was 109.96±11.22μm. The average RNFLT of Han nationality was 110.22±9.31μm and of non-Han nationality was 109.87±8.65μm. The average RNFLT of all was 110.02±9.87μm, the RNFLT at the superior, nasal, inferior and temporal quadrant was 146.56 ±18.88μm, 76.49±13.28μm, 136.64±16.29μm, 82.01±12.55μm respectively. There was no significant difference in gender, eye side, and ethnic group(all P<0.05), but the difference was significant compared with adult's data of the database.

CONCLUSION: This study has established a normal standard reference of RNFLT and its related indexes by OCT in Chinese teenagers aged 13-18 years old. Gender, age, eye side, and ethnic group have no effect on their RNFLT, which has significant difference with adult's data. And for the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases involving in RNFL changes, the adult's data can not be used.]]> 2014/3/24 14:01:49 Yu-Ming Zhang,Fang-Fang Wang,Hai Huang,Zhi- Xiang Ding,Xin-Sheng Zeng and Yan-Yi Peng 316true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).

METHODS: A prospective study was designed for 200 eyes of 100 patients who had underwent LASIK. A 3D sirius corneal topography system(SIRIUS)was used to collect and measure the root mean square(RMS)of corneal aberrations at the 4mm optical zones of cornea in different time(preoperation and postoperation of 5, 30, 60min; 1d). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance(ANOVA).

RESULTS: From 5min to 60min after surgery, the higher-order aberrations(HOA)on the peak area of corneal surface were significantly increased, but all in the second day returned to the preoperative level and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). In each aberrations' the root mean square(RMS)of Z₁₇ was markedly increased to maximum 1126.98%(P<0.01), and the minimal increase of Z₁₂ was 147.92%(P=0.03). Their peaks of higher-order aberrations were different. According to their characteristics, they can be divided into single-peak period, double peak, and platform-type. Compared with postoperative 5min, the average central corneal thickness in the postoperative 30 and 60min increased significantly and recovered until the next day.

CONCLUSION: Higher-order aberrations on anterior corneal surface in the early stages after LASIK increase significantly, and return to the preoperative levels within 1d.]]> 2014/3/24 14:01:49 Shuang Liu,Nan-Nan Guo,Yan Qiu,Guo-Guang Zhai and Yao-Yu Li 315true METHODS: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selection in Shaanxi Province from Jan. to Dec. in 2011, among the 3494 individuals from Liuba county, Huangling county, Lantian county and Baqiao district, 2124 aged 50 years and above received questionnaire survey and eye examination in the study. WHO diagnostic criteria and cataracts diagnostic criteria were used in the evaluation.

RESULTS: Of 1912 participated the eye survey and response rate was 90%, the prevalence of cataracts was 36.66%, and the prevalence of cataracts among adults aged 50 years and above was 15.80%, the prevalence of cataracts among adults aged 70 years and above was 68.71%. The prevalence of age-related cataracts increased obviously with aging(P<0.01). The prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision caused by cataract was 1.99% and 7.17%, respectively. The rate of bilateral blindness and low vision and monocular blindness and low vision was 0.51%, 0.63%, 1.90%, 2.53% respectively, increasing to 4.55%, 5.35%, 16.44%, and 18.81% in those aged 70 years and above. There was statistically significant difference in cataract blindness of different age groups and incidence of low vision, increased obviously with aging(P<0.01). Among 86 eyes with cataract surgery, 58 eyes were given ECCE, and 23 eyes were given PHACO, and 5 eyes were given ICCE. The corrected vision after cataract surgery ≥0.3 occupied 69.09%, 23.64%, 7.27% in ECCE, PHACO and ICCE respectively. The rate of off-disability and off-blindness was 63.95%, 91.86%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Cataract blindness is a serious public health problem in rural, Shaanxi Province. Prevention of blindness in Shaanxi Province has made some achievements, and the prevalence of cataract and visual impairment have decreased to some extent. PHACO has been carried out in rural areas, however, the penetration and surgical techniques of PHACO should be further improved.]]> 2014/3/24 14:01:49 Fang Tian,Bai-Chao Ren,Yuan He,Jun Jia,Hui-Feng Liu and Jin-Zhi Pei 314true METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed(1966 to 2013), Embase(1980 to 2013)and CBMdisc(1979 to 2013)for the randomized clinical trials of non-penetrating trabecular surgery and trabeculectomy. We also screened relevant journals and references to evaluate the quality of the literatures. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 4.2 software was used for Meta analysis.

RESULTS: Ten RCTs with previously untreated open angle glaucoma were included. Seven results showed that compared with non-penetrating trabecular surgery, trabeculectomy can better improve the level of postoperative IOP reduction and the success rate of surgery. But eight results showed that compared with trabeculectomy, non-penetrating trabecular surgery can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION: Compared with non-penetrating trabecular surgery, trabeculectomy can better improve the level of postoperative IOP reduction and the success rate of surgery. But non-penetrating trabecular surgery can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications of surgery.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:35 Jing Guo 313true METHODS: This was an evidence-based medicine science study. Pertinent studies of randomized controlled trial(RCT)were identified through searches of PubMed, Medline, CNKI and China Biology Medicine disc. The intensive searching by hand and internet was also designed. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study object was limited. Quality of literatures were evaluated by experienced researchers according to the Jadad Score. RevMan 5.0 offered by Cochrane was used for Meta-analysis aimed at the ratio of low intraocular tension and adverse drug reaction.

RESULTS: A total of 9 RCT sadded up to 555 patients were involved. The results of meta-analysis showed that, a)the difference at 2, 6, 12wk both had statistical significance, latanoprost showed greater intraocular pressure(IOP)lowering efficacy compared with timolol. The weighted mean difference(WMD)at 2, 6, 12wk was respectively \〖-0.76, 95% CI(-1.32 to -0.20)\〗, \〖-1.15, 95% CI(-1.68 to 0.63)\〗 and \〖-1.01, 95% CI(-1.42 to -0.61)\〗. b)The difference in conjunctival congestion(OR=2.25, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.08)and foreign body sensation(OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.02 to 6.03 )between latanoprost and timolol group was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Latanoprost showed greater IOP lowering efficacy at 12wk compared with timolol for OAG and OH patients. The conjunctival hyperemia, foreign body sensation, iris pigmentation deepened, vision damage of latanoprost group at 12wk compared with timolol, the difference was not significant. This conclusion is not powerful enough in proof due to the medium methodology quality of the included studies, so a large number of high-quality RCTs with large sample are needed for objectively, precisely and entirely evaluating the efficacy.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:35 Yang-Yang Wu,Sheng-Fang Song,Hua Li and Sha Lü 312true METHODS: Fifty-two patients(sixty-two eyes)with DME were randomly divided into two groups: thirty-one eyes were treated with an intravitreous injection of triamcinolone acetonide(IVTA)(0.1mL/4mg), and thirty- one eyes were treated with a retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide(RBTA)(1mL/40mg). Macular grid laser photocoagulation was used to treat all of the patients after one month. Follow-up 9mo, the change of macular edema and the incidence of complications were observed and measured.

RESULTS: For the different follow-up times at one month, three months, six months and nine months. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the change in macular edema of all patients improved after treatment. There were statistically differences between before treatment and after treatment in the change of BCVA and macular edema(P<0.05). But there was no statistically difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups showed a statistically difference(P<0.05), RBTA group was safer.

CONCLUSION: RBTA combined with grid laser photocoagulation for DME has the same effect as IVTA, and it is safer.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:35 Li-Shuai Xu,Xiao-Li Yang and Chang-Jun Lan 311true METHODS: A retrospective study in 23 cases with photodynamic therapy(PDT),and another 23 patients who were injected lucentis. We compared the results of best corrected visual acuity, OCT and FFA after 1mo, 3mo and 6mo.

RESULTS: Both groups had a great significant improvement in best corrected acuity visual at 1mo and 3mo later. The comparison between the two groups had no statistical significance. But the best corrected visual acuity in 2 patients(9%)of lucentis group was lower at 6mo than at 1mo and 3mo.

CONCLUSION: The study showed the two methods for treating wet age-related macular degeneration were effective in short time, but the stability at 6mo of PDT group was better than lucentis group.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:35 Xin-Dan Wang,Xiao-Dan Dai,Yong-Liang Fang,Guo-Feng Wang and Er-Gang Du 310true METHODS: Totally 61 patients(101 eyes)with clinically high myopic maculopathy. Distant vision was examined through E Standard Logarithm Eyesight Table. Integrated optometry to determine the dioptre and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA). Axial length(AL)measurements obtained through IOL-Master. Fundus examinations performed in patients with high myopia after pupil dilation. OCT and FFA were done separately in each case of myopic maculopathy on the same day. FFA and indocyanine green angiogrsphy(FFA& ICGA)was done if need be. The correlation between FFA types and OCT types were analyzed, and their associations with dioptre, BCVA, AL and central foveal thickness were evaluated.

RESULTS: The prevalence of lacquer crack type was higher in the OCT type 1(57.14%)than in the choroidal neovascularization(CNV)type and macular atrophy type(21.43%)of fluorescein angiography, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The prevalence of macular atrophy type was higher in the OCT type 2(67.80%)than in the lacquer crack(18.64%)and CNV type(13.56%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The macular atrophy type all belong to the OCT type 3. OCT type 1 showed the least dioptre and AL, conversely the highest central foveal thickness and/or BCVA(P<0.05). There was no obvious difference between lacquer crack type and CNV type on diopter and AL, but lacquer crack type showed better BCVA and foveal thickness(P<0.05). The diopter and AL of lacquer crack type and CNV type were significantly lower than that of macular atrophy type, while BCVA was higher(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between the features of OCT and FFA in high myopicmaculopathy. The analysis of clinically high myopic maculopathy based on combination of OCT and FFA can provide information that may be useful to make sure the nature of high myopia, disclose the pathogenesis and to optimize the treatment for each type.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:35 Cai-Yun Wu,Wen-Fang Zhang,Ming Tao,Jing Zhang and Ran Zhou 309true METHODS: In this prospective clinical study, 166 right eyes with myopic astigmatism were selected by sequential processing to measure at distance of 5m, 40cm and 20cm. The distance corrected near vision acuity(NCNVA)and accommodative astigmatism corrected near vision acuity(ACNVA)were measured with distance-corrected glasses and near-corrected glasses, respectively, using near vision chart. The astigmatism at near were measured under monocular condition with cross-cylinder lenses, with the tested eye looking straight ahead at the line of its best corrected vision acuity in near vision chart. The degree and axis of astigmatism between two distance of the three, DCNVA and ACNVA were compared by paired t test respectively if the data are normal distribution, if not, compared by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.

RESULTS: The degree of astigmatism with accommodation was increased significantly as follow order: fixating at 20cm, 40cm and distance. \〖(40cm-5m): Z=-5.316, P<0.0167;(20cm-5m): Z=-5.672, P<0.0167;(20cm-40cm): Z=-2.463; P<0.0167 respectively\〗; The axis of astigmatism showed no statistical significance among different level of accommodation \〖20cm,(0.83DC±0.52D)>40cm,(0.78DC±0.43D)>5m, 0.63DC±0.47D)\〗; The near vision acuity when fixing at 40cm and 20cm were both increased significantly when accommodative astigmatism corrected(Z=-5.741, P<0.01; Z=-6.848, P<0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The degree of astigmatism has a tendency of increasing when fixating at near, and astigmatism with the rule will be followed by the axis, while this change is random and personalized, asthenopia is more likely to appear at the distance of maxium astigmatism change, so correct the refractive error at near may be a appropriate method to treat asthenopia.]]> 2014/2/27 9:12:35 Wen-Lan Liu,Li Wang,Yang Yang and Zhen Liu 308true METHODS:Totally 159 eyes with age related cataract in Ⅲ-Ⅳ nuclear subgroup treated by phacoemulsification were divided into burst mode group(41 eyes), ozil burst mode group(63 eyes)and ozil continue mode(55 eyes). The number of corneal edema cells before the operation and two weeks after the operation, and the loss rate of corneal edema cells, cumulative dissipated energy(CDE)in phacoemulsification and the best-corrected visual acuity on the second week were compared among the three groups.

RESULTS:Two weeks after operation, the CDE in burst mode for Ⅲ nuclear subgroup and Ⅳ nuclear subgroup were obviously lower than the result of ozil burst mode and that of ozil continue mode(P<0.05), and the differences were statistically significant. Endothelial cell loss rate postoperatively for Ⅲ nuclear subgroup was higher in the burst mode than that in the ozil burst mode and that in the ozil continue mode. So does that of the Ⅳ nuclear subgroup. Best-corrected visual acuity on the second week after treatment of burst mode, ozil burst mode and ozil continue mode for both Ⅲ nuclear subgroup and Ⅳ nuclear subgroup had no statistically significant differences among the three groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:Burst mode, ozil burst mode and ozil continue mode are all safe and effective for the phacoemulsification on cataract. The efficiency of cataract surgery with ozil burst mode and ozil continue mode are better than that with burst mode, and they can protect endothelial cell better.]]> 2014/1/20 9:29:54 Xiao-Li Yu,Lin-Nong Wang and Yang Liu 307true METHODS: This retrospective study collected a total of 28 eyes of 28 neovascular glaucoma patients who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012. Change of intraocular pressure, the best corrected visual acuity, numbers of anti-glaucoma medication and postoperative complications were followed up at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo, and every 6 months after surgery. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance for comparison of intraocular pressure between different time points, rank sum test for paired nonparametric numbers of medication, and rank sum test for visual acuity between pre-operation and the last following-up.

RESULTS: Compared with the pre-operation, the intraocular pressure was significant decreased after surgery at all time points(F=11.23, P<0.05). The numbers of anti-glaucoma medication were significant reduced from 4.12±0.23 of pre-operation to 0.56±0.11 of postoperative(Z=9.224, P<0.05). The visual acuity was not significant difference between pre-operation and the last following-up(Z=-1.922, P>0.05). At the last following-up, the complete success rate was 71%, and qualified success rate was 86%. The postoperative complications including encapsulated cystic blebs around the plate, shallow anterior chamber and low intraocular pressure were controlled with additional treatment.

CONCLUSION: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is safe and effective in the management of neovascular glaucoma.]]> 2014/1/20 9:29:54 Chong Sun and Zuo-Hong Wu 306true METHODS: Thirty-one juveniles with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia were selected. Macular retinal thickness and macular volume were measured by OCT with both eyes in all participants, and the differences between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes were compared. Axial length(AL)was measured by A-ultrasound. The relationship between AL and the factors of macula was analyzed.

RESULTS: The central sector region and the nasal inner region in amblyopic eyes were thicker than those in normal eyes(P=0.0358, 0.0003), but there was no significant difference in any other region between amblyopic eyes and normal eyes(P>0.05). No significant difference was found in macular volume between amblyopic eyes and normal eyes(P>0.05). The factors of the macula in both eyes were not significantly related to the AL.

CONCLUSION: There exists some difference in structure of macula between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes in adolescent with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia.]]> 2014/1/20 9:29:54 Wei Zhang,Chun Shi,Jing-Hua Zhang,Jian Ying,Ji-Ping Cai,Hui-Di Xu and Hui Ding 305true METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 1 556 eyes of 778 consecutive patients. The eyes were assigned to two groups according to the method of the corneal flap made. VisuMax femtosecond laser group(group A)included 768 eyes of 384 consecutive patients. Moria One Use-Plus SBK microkeratome group(group B)included 788 eyes of 394 consecutive patients. We compared the comfort score in the surgery, the incidence of the corneal flap-related complications, the corneal flap incision bleeding and the subconjunctival hemorrhage, in order to evaluate the comfort and security between the VisuMax femtosecond laser and the Moria One Use-Plus SBK microkeratome.

RESULTS:There were 5 patients(1.3%)feeling very uncomfortable and unbearable in group A while 28 patients(7.1%)feeling the same in group B. Four eyes(0.5%)occurred the intraoperative corneal flap incision bleeding in group A, while 74 eyes(9.4%)occurred in group B. The subconjunctival hemorrhage existed in 18 eyes(2.3%)in group A while the same situation happened to 82 eyes(10.4%)in group B. No eyes(0%)occurred corneal flap edge missing in group A, but 94 eyes(11.9%)occurred the symptom in group B. Four eyes(0.5%)of the corneal flap epithelial part exfoliated, however, that did not affect the successful flap surgery in group A. Fifty-three eyes(6.9%)occurred Opaque Bubble Layer(OBL)in group A. There was no other corneal flap-related complication.

CONCLUSION:The two methods are safe and reliable, and there are no corneal flap-related complications which seriously impact the visual quality after the surgery.]]> 2014/1/20 9:29:55 Yu-Kun Hu,Wen-Jing Li,Xiao-Wei Gao,Yun-Lin Guo,Jing Dong and Xiao-Hong Li 304true METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2012, 140(140 eyes)patients with neovascular glaucoma were selected as the research objects in our hospital. We made a retrospection analysis and they were randomly divided into group A(simplex small beam resection group)20 cases 20 eyes, group B(small beam resection and iris circumference resection group)19 cases 19 eyes, group C(ciliary body laser light coagulation surgery group)42 cases 42 eyes, group D(ciliary body condensation surgery)44 cases 44 eyes, group E(intravitreal medicine injection group)15 cases 15 eyes. The intraocular pressure, vision and clinical effects before and after the surgery were analyzed comprehensively

RESULTS: The combination study of the groups: the differences were statistically significant when compared postoperative intraocular pressure recovery after surgery with before the treatment in each group(P<0.05). In group A, 20 eyes efficiency was 60.0%, group B 19 eyes efficiency was 84.2%, group C 42 eyes efficiency was 71.4%, group D 44 eyes efficiency was 54.5%, group E 15 eyes efficiency was 40.0%. Because the cases in some of the groups were less, there were no statistical significance when compare between them(P>0.05). The results of visual recovery were compared with that of prior treatment, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: For different conditions of patients with neovascular glaucoma, we can use different surgical methods. The recovery of visual functions for patients was the primary objective.]]> 2013/12/23 10:55:36 Xiu Jiang 303true METHODS: Forty cases of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema were analyzed retrospectively, all the case's best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)≤0.6, fovea centralis thickness(CMT)≥250μm. All the eyes were treated with intravitreal injection of TA(22 cases, 4mg, 0.1mL)or LU(18 cases, 0.5mg, 0.05mL). The follow-up time was 1, 2wk, 1, 2, 3 and 6mo. BCVA and CMT were measured.

RESULTS:The two group's BCVA were significantly improved than preoperation. There were significant differences at each follow-up time compared with preoperation(P<0.05). The best BCVA after intravitreal injection of TA was showed at 1mo(logMAR=0.30±0.20), while the intravitreal injection of LU was 2mo(logMAR=0.21±0.10). The two group's CMT were significantly relieved than preoperation. There were significant differences at each follow-up time compared with preoperation(P<0.05). The best CMT after intravitreal injection of TA and LU were all showed at 2mo(TA CMT=274.45±141.81μm, LU CMT=225.83±22.86μm).The BCVA is negatively related with CMT. The BCVA and CMT had no statistical difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of TA and LU in the treatment of macular edema in retinal vein occlusion can reduce macular edema and improve the visual activity. There is no significant difference between the two treatments.]]> 2013/12/23 10:55:36 Chun-Di Lin,Guo-Ji Wu,Ai-Yu Wu,Fang Chen and Shui-Miao Chen 302true METHODS: Fifty patients with exfoliation syndrome(case group, including 39 males and 11 females)and 58 cases of normal individuals(control group, including 40 males and 18 females)were randomly selected. Genomic DNA was extracted and 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(rs1048661, rs2165241 and rs3825942)of LOXL1 gene were genotyped using PCR-sequencing technology for all subjects. Then a case-control study was conducted.

RESULTS: The average age of the case group was higher than that of the control group(P=0.039). The distribution of the genotypes of rs1048661 and rs3825942 polymorphism was similar between case and controls(P=0.196, P=0.584). The CT and TT genotype frequency of rs2165241were significantly higher in case group than that of the control group(P=0.001). After adjustment for age and gender, the odds ratio of exfoliation syndrome was 2.850 for carriers of the CT genotype(P= 0.029), and 13.398 for carriers of the TT genotype(P=0.001).

CONCLUSION: The genetic variations of LOXL1 gene(rs2165241)may be associated with the exfoliation syndrome in Uygur. T allele may be the risk factor for the predisposing of exfoliation syndrome in Uygur.]]> 2013/12/23 10:55:36 Xiao-Yan Xu,Xiao-Dong Xie,Gulinuer·Maimaiti,Yan-Jun Zhang,Lin Ding,Xin-Juan Wan and Yan Song 301true METHODS: We examined the outcome at the end of 6 mo of oral prednisone 15mg daily treatment for Graves' ophthalmopathy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University during the period January 2010 to December 2012. Totally 118 patients ranging in age from 14 to 67 years old(mean 35.4±12.2). There were 37 males and 81 females. We compared the changes of the severity and clinical activity score(CAS)of Graves' ophthalmopathy before and after treatment. We defined clinical effectiveness as the severity assessment improvement and/or clinical activity score improvement from active to non-active. We evaluated the efficacy and influencing factors of Graves' ophthalmopathy treated by oral low dose prednisone.

RESULTS:After treatment, 58.5% patients were improved. The improvement in active patients were 72.6% significantly greater than in non-active patients 23.5%(P<0.01). Serum TRAb in active patients was significantly higher than in non-active patients(P<0.01). Among the severity assessment, less severity patients improved significantly greater than more severity(P<0.01). The longer the course, the more severity the patients(P<0.01). Either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid played a role in the exacerbation, leading to deterioration in patients(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:Active Graves' ophthalmopathy patients improved greater than non-active patients after received oral prednisone 15mg daily treatment for 3-6 mo. The shorter the course, the milder the patients, and the more effective the treatment. So, we should treat Graves' ophthalmopathy as early as possible, and try our best to keep the patients euthyroid to avoid deterioration.]]> 2013/12/23 10:55:36 Shi-Bin Gan,Dan-Yun Chen,Yi-Tong Chen and Shu-Fan Yue 300true METHODS:According to the proposed inclusion criteria, 90 eyes(48 patients)with high myopia who accepted ICL implantation treatment were selected. The mean follow-ups are 6 months. Anterior segment parameters such as ACD, ICA(3'clock), corneal aberration(CA), K-value and CCT were measured by Pentacam at pre- and postoperative different follow-up time points. Using SPSS 19.0 statistical software to describe the indexes distribution at different time points. We compared changes by matching t-test between preoperation and postoperation.

RESULTS:The indexes presented normal distribution. During the follow-ups of all the patients, ACD and ICA(3'clock)were lower than before. Differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05). About CA, CTA and CLOA had no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative(P>0.05); but CHOA increases statistically significant(P<0.05). K-value slightly reduces, Differences are all statistically significant(P<0.05). CCT had no significant difference(P>0.05). For the indexes with statistically significant difference, they achieved stable state in postoperative 1-month.

CONCLUSION:After ICL implantation treatment of high myopia,changes mainly include the ICA and ACD decrease, CHOA increases, K decreases by Pentacam observation,and it is within the scope of the security,all the values are stable during the follow-ups, no complications occur, but the long-term effect need further follow-ups.]]> 2013/12/23 10:55:37 Dong-Ping Li,Lei Liu,Xin-Yu Li,Jing Li,Hu-Jie Wang and Shuo Yang 299true METHODS: In this retrospective study, 80 eyes of 40 patients were treated by PRK in 2009 as control group with the LaserSight SLX excimer laser. Eighty eyes of 40 patients were treated with 0.2g/L MMC 20s during PRK in 2010 as MMC group. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), refraction, corneal epithelial healing, erosions, dry eyes, and haze were examined at 1 month, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and the 2 groups were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS: The differences between control and MMC group were not statistically significant in preoperative mean ages, UCVAs, best spectacle-corrected visual acuities, corneal depths, spherical equivalents(SEs), and laser ablation zones, depths, and times. During one year follow-up, the differences were also not in UCVAs, SEs, corneal epithelial healing, and dry eyes. But corneal erosions with filament keratitis were observed in 9 eyes in MMC group and 2 in control group, the difference was statistically significant(Pearson χ²=4.783, P=0.029). All the eyes were cured, and no recurrence occurred. The haze frequencies were 26%, 6%, 2%, 0 in MMC group at the 1 month, 3, 6, 12 months, and 44%, 25%, 10%, 2% in control group, respectively. The frequency differences were statistically significant at the 1 month(Pearson χ²=5.385, P=0.02)and 3(Pearson χ²=10.667, P= 0.001)months after surgery between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSION:Intraoperative MMC can reduce the haze frequency and grade after PRK for myopia. The effect of MMC on preserved corneal epithelium may be one of the reasons to happen corneal erosions after PRK. It is important to avoid 0.2g/L MMC exposure to corneal epithelium outside treatment zone.]]> 2013/12/23 10:55:37 Bing Liu,Xiang Zhang,Hai-Xia Ru,Mei Zhang and Chun-Yan Yang 298true METHODS: Fifty-eight cases(66 eyes)with cystoid macular edema caused by different diseases were recruited in this study. The included patients were treated with both retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide and 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation. The best corrected visual acuity, macular thickness, fundus and intraocular pressure were observed in the 1wk, 1 and 3mo after the treatment in all of the included cases.

RESULTS: After treatment, all of the 66 eyes showed cystoid macular edema partially or completely subsided according to optical coherence tomography and fluorescence fundus angiography; 54 eyes(82%)visual acuity improved, 12 vision remained the same.

CONCLUSION: Retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide combined with 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation has good curative effect, simple operation procedure and rare complications in the management of cystoid macular edema.]]> 2014/12/2 9:06:28 Jun Li,Bo-Le Wu,Xin-Ming Ye and Chen Zhao 297true METHODS:Sixty eyes from 30 myopia(from 8 to 17 years old)were fitted with orthokeratology. Stereopsis, visual acuity, near visual acuity, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, average anterior corneal refractive power(K value), and intraocular pressure were measured before the orthokeratology treatment and 3mo after it. Refraction was expressed as spherical equivalent(SE), and the subjects were divided into 3 groups according to refraction: low myopia group(SE<-3.00D), moderate myopia group(-3.00D≤SE<

-6.00D), and high myopia group(SE≥-6.00D).

RESULTS: All subjects had significant improvements in visual acuity and near visual acuity 3mo after the orthokeratology treatment(P<0.01). In the comparisons of any pair of the groups, there was no significant difference in the near visual acuity(P>0.05). Three months after the orthokeratology treatment, Naked eye near stereoacuity values of all subjects were decreased(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the comparisons of the differences of stereopsis between any pair of the groups(P>0.05). There was significant correlation in stereopsis and anisometropia(Pearson coefficient r=0.778, P<0.01). And with greater anisometropia, the stereopsis was higher. All subjects had significantly lower K values than before 3mo after the orthokeratology treatment(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and intraocular pressure(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology could lower K value in a short time and change the corneal curvature to correct myopia, to improve visual acuity and near visual acuity. It also has an influence on improving stereopsis. There are no obviously changes in patients' central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth or intraocular pressure after the orthokeratology treatment, making it a safe and effective treatment for adolescent.]]> 2014/12/2 9:06:29 Yan Ke,Jing Sima and Hao-Jiang Yang 296true METHODS: Prospective case series study. Sixty-five patients with intermittent exotropia between June 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital to Qingdao University, included 37 males and 28 females with average age(12.5±6.2)years. All the patients were measured when looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test. Intermittent exotropia was divided into basic type, convergence insufficiency type and divergence excess type, which was based on the different result of between the distance and near measurements. The One-way test was applied to analyze the four methods of measuring angle of exodeviation in the three types of intermittent exotropia. LSD-t test was applied to compare the differences between each two methods in each type.

RESULTS: The distance exodeviations tested with looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test were basic type(45.4±21.0, 55.0±15.0, 64.68±17.7, 68.75±16.6PD), convergence insufficiency type(33.3±14.0, 44.9±12.9, 43.6±11.8, 54.6±11.2PD), divergence excess type(55.6±17.4, 66.3±18.8, 76.9±16.4, 78.1±15.6PD). There were obviously differences between each two methods in each type(basic type F=9.649, P=0.00; convergence insufficiency type F=6.886, P=0.001; divergence excess type F=7.989, P=0.00). Compared with looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target(basic type P=0.044, divergence excess type P=0.048)and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test(basic type P=0.04, divergence excess type P=0.027)had the statistical difference in the basic type and divergence excess type, and there was no obviously difference between looking at outdoor far distance target and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test(basic type P=0.353, divergence excess type P=0.815). Compared with the other three measurements, 1h diagnostic occlusion test can elicit larger angle of deviation in the convergence insufficiency type.

CONCLUSION: Both measurement with looking at outdoor far distance target and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test can elicit the larger angle of deviation in the basic type and divergence excess type; The measurement with after 1 hour diagnostic occlusion test can elicit the larger angle of deviation in the convergence insufficiency type.]]> 2014/12/2 9:06:29 Hong Wang,Gui-Xiang Liu,Xiao-Jing Pan and Wei Huang 295true METHODS: This was a retrospective nonrandom clinical comparison study, 90 patients(110 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification were recruited, nondiabetic patients(32 cases, 40 eyes)were in group A, in diabetic without diabetic retinopathy(28 cases, 35 eyes)were as group B, with non-proliferation diabetic retinopathy(30 cases, 35 eyes)were group C. Macular retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses were collected by optical coherence tomography on the preoperative day and on postoperative 1^st, 14^th, 28^th d. Statistical analysis of count data measurement data were done separately by the Chi-square test, variance analysis and SNK-q test.

RESULTS: The foveal: There was significant increase could be detected among A, B, C(F=18.92, P<0.05), while group C showed significant difference as compared with groups A and B(P<0.05). The quadrant: There was significant increase could be detected among A, B, C(F=13.33, 14.37, 19.02, 16.93, P<0.05). This was not statistically significant of nasal among A, B, C groups(P>0.05). However group C showed significant difference in the superior, the inferior, the temporal as compared with groups A and B(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular fovea of patients with diabetic retinopathy were significant increased after phacoemulsification in 4wk, the incidence of macular edema is higher, the time earlier, the duration longer, the poorer visual recovery.]]> 2014/10/31 11:03:30 Lu Liu,Wen-Jun Zhou,Ji Xu,Yang Su and Sheng-Fang Song 294true METHODS: The method according to Cochrane systematic reviews, systematic and comprehensive literature was searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medalink, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data. Collect all OCT relevant diagnostic test, the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies(QUADAS)items were used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Meta-Disc software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: A total of 16 trials were included, The results of Meta-analyses showed that the summary sensitivity, specificity and 95% CI were 0.86(0.84～0.88), 0.90(0.88～0.92). The SROC area under curve(AUC)was for 0.9517.

CONCLUSION: OCT for diagnosis of primary glaucoma has higher sensitivity and specific degree, has great value in clinical application.]]> 2014/10/31 11:03:30 Shan Liu and Xiang-Long Yi 293true METHODS: Twenty-nine cases(29 eyes)of retinal reattachment and with perfluorodecalin residual on the macular subretinal, selected in Xiamen Eye Center from January 2008 to October 2013, were divided into group A(14 cases, 14 eyes)and group B(15 cases, 15 eyes)randomly. In group A, after removal of silicone oil, perfluorodecalin liquids at the macular subretinal directly were aspirated by 38G casing needle. In group B, after removal of silicone oil, ILM was dyed and peeled completely to the range of 4PD approximately. Then the perfluorodecalin liquids at the macular subretinal were aspirated by 38G casing needle. All cases of both groups were filled with filtered air. After 1wk, the case with macular hole found by OCT was exchanged by air-fluid and filled with 16% C₃F₈. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of two groups of patients was observed after 4, 8, 24wk. OCT was reviewed to observe whether there were perfluorodecalin residue on the macular subretinal, formation of macular hole and macular morphological changes, retinal detachment.

RESULTS: BCVA was improved in both groups after 4, 8, 24wk. And the value of BCVA improvedin group B was better than that in group A(P<0.05). There were 7 cases(50%)with macular hole in group A and 1 case(7%)with macular hole in group B at 24wk after operation. In both groups, there were no perfluorodecalin residual on the macular and retinal detachment at 24wk after surgery.

CONCLUSION: ILM peeling combined with 38G casing needle can aspirate completely the perfluorodecalin residual on macular. There were not caused macular hole and retinal detachment. This method is an safe, effective and minimally invasive surgical technique to protect the macular function.]]> 2014/10/31 11:03:30 Xiao-Bo Wang,Guo-Ji Wu,Xiang-Dong Luo and Cong Liu 292true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in the treatment of myopia.

METHODS: This study comprised 22 eyes(11 patients)underwent SMILE and 43 eyes(23 patients)received LASIK with femtosecond laser to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism. The two groups were recorded bydouble-pass optical quality analysis system(OQAS)at preoperative and postoperative 1mo. The two groups were compared: modulation transfer function cutoff frequency(MTF cutoff), strehl ratio(SR), objective scattering index(OSI). The early visual quality after operation between two groups were analyzed and evaluated.

RESULTS: The MTF cutoff after operation one month were 34.835±10.113c/deg(SMILE group)and 38.362±10.623c/deg(LASIK group)(t=0.925, P=0.362). The SR after operation one month were 0.204±0.077(SMILE group)and 0.218±0.072(LASIK group)(t=0.557, P=0.582). The OSI after operation one month were 0.608±0.291(SMILE group)and 0.545±0.405(LASIK group)(t=-0.473, P=0.640).

CONCLUSION: The double-pass OQAS tell us that there was not statistically significant between femtosecond laser SMILE and femtosecond LASIK in the treatment of myopia.]]> 2014/10/31 11:03:30 Wen-Jing Li,Yu-Kun Hu,Xiao-Wei Gao,Li-Ping Cao,Jing Dong,Yun-Lin Guo and Yan Cai 291true METHODS: Retrospective contract analysis of the clinical data of 41 patients(41 eyes)who infected with Fusarium corneal ulcer. All of them underwent focal lesion keratectomy combined with amniotic membrane transplantation between January 2010 and May 2013. The cryotherapy treatment group of 22 cases(22 eyes), non-cryotherapy group of 19 cases(19 eyes). All the cases were followed up for 3～12mo. We analyzed the healing of corneal ulcer, corneal neovascularization, postoperative visual acuity, complications and ulcer recurrences.

RESULTS: There were no significant difference for the two groups at the cure rate and the recovery rate, the corneal neovascularization and postoperative visual acuity(P>0.05). The total effective rate and corneal healing time in cryotherapy group was significantly higher than that in non-cryotherapy group(P<0.05). The postoperative visual acuity of two group were higher than that of preoperatively(P<0.05). There was no complication occurred in cryotherapy group while there was 1 patient of secondary glaucoma in non-cryotherapy group.

CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of Fusarium corneal ulcer.]]> 2014/9/22 14:18:22 Qiong Xie,Ming-Hong Gao and Hai Yu 290true METHODS: Ninety-seven(135 eyes)cataract patients with diabetes were selected randomly and divided into GroupⅠ(which diabetes duration ≥10a)and GroupⅡ(which diabetes duration <10a)according to their disease duration. Additionally 62(89 eyes)age-related cataract patients were randomly selected as the control group. The corneal endothelial cell density(CD), proportion of hexagonal cell and coefficient of variation(CV)in the three group patients were measured respectively before phacoemulsification and after surgery. And the measurement results were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the three group were decreased after surgery compared with preoperative. But the CV of corneal endothelial cells was increased on the 1^st wk and in 1^st mo after surgery compared with the preoperative. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the two diabetic groups were lower than the control group after surgery. However, the CV of corneal endothelial cells was higher than the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the corneal endothelial CD, proportion of hexagonal cell and CV between the two diabetic groups before phacoemulsification(P>0.05). The proportion of hexagonal cell in Group Ⅰ was lower than which in Group Ⅱ after surgery. While the CV was higher than which in Group Ⅱ. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification has some damage on the corneal endothelial. Since the impact of diabetes on the morphology and function of corneal endothelial cell was related to the diabetic duration. So phacoemulsification has more obvious damage on the corneal endothelial in diabetic patients. And the diabetic duration was longer, the damage on the corneal endothelial in phacoemulsification was more easily.]]> 2014/9/22 14:18:22 Ai-Min Yan and Feng-Hua Chen 289true METHODS: It was a clinical case control study. Through selecting 60 patients(120 eyes)with early DR diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were divided into non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)group(20 cases, 40 eyes)and mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group(20 cases, 40eyes), moderate NPDR group(20 cases, 40 eyes). Twenty normal patients(40 eyes)were enrolled as control group. The RNFL thickness of optical nerve(with circle scan round optic nerve head, scan diameter of 3.45mm)and the retinal thickness of macular(around center point with 1000μm diameter)were measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT), to compare the RNFL thickness changes of the control and early DR patients.

RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the inferior quadrant was descended obviously in NDR group(P<0.05), with statistically significant difference,; there were no statistically significant difference in other quadrants(P>0.05). In mild NPDR group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the mean and inferior quadrant was significantly descended than that in the NDR group. In moderate NPDR group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the mean, superior and inferior quadrant was statistical significance descended than that in the NDR group(P<0.05). Compared with the NPDR group, NDR group and control group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in each quadrant were descended significantly. There was statistically significant difference in macular retinal thickness among the NDR group, mild NPDR and moderate NPDR group(P<0.05), the retinal thickness was increased gradually in mild NPDR and moderate NPDR group.

CONCLUSION:With the development in the degree of early DR, RNFL thickness is gradually decreased and retinal thickness is increased, OCT can be observed qualitatively and quantitatively in DR.]]> 2014/9/22 14:18:22 Ang Li and Zhong-Yi Fan 288true METHODS: It was a prospective case series study. Forty-six eyes of thirty-nine age-related cataract patients in our department were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the value of preoperative corneal spherical aberration. Eyes with corneal spherical aberration≤0.2μm were assigned to group A, those with corneal spherical aberration >0.2μm and ≤0.3μm to group B, and those with corneal spherical aberration ≥0.3μm to group C. All patients underwent phacoemulcification and recieved AcrySof IQ aspheric IOL. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), contrast sensitivity, and total ocular higher-order aberrations for a 6.0mm pupil were recorded 3mo postoperatively. ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in UCVA and BCVA between the 3 groups(P=0.287, 0.115). Contrast sensitivity was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups at any spatial frequency under photopic、mesopic, and mesopic with glare conditions(P>0.05). With a 6.0mm pupil diameter, root mean square values for total ocular higher-order aberrations were lower in groups A and B than that in group C(P=0.000). The difference of total ocular spherical aberration was statistically significant between the 3 groups(P=0.000).Coma and trefoil were similar between the groups(P=0.788,0.590), with no statistically significant differences.

CONCLUSION: Implantation of the same aspherical IOL in eyes with different corneal spherical aberration results in similar visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Small differences of ocular spherical aberration after phacoemulsification have no effect on visual performance.]]> 2014/9/22 14:18:23 Xiao-Bin Zhao,Qing-Min Ma and Zhi-Yang Jia 287true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for the correction of moderate and high myopia and myopic astigmatism.

METHODS:In the prospective study, 86 cases(172 eyes)with moderate and high myopia astigmatism were enrolled recruited. The myopia degree was -3.00～ -10.00D, the astigmatism degree ≤-6.00D. Eighty-six eyes were treated with FLEx in group A, and 86 eyes were treated with LASIK in group B. All patients in the treatment group completed the final 6mo of follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity(BSCVA), objective and manifest refractions, results of slit-lamp examination, the side effects, the corneal flap thickness, intraocular pressure, corneal topography were noted.

RESULTS:Six months postoperatively, the difference between group A and B in BSCVA increases more than one line had statistical significance(χ²=20.67, P<0.05). The difference between group A and B in diopters within ±0.50D(83.7% in group A, 53.4% in group B)had statistical significance(P<0.05). 100% UCVA was equal or greater than 1.0 in group A, 90.7% in group B, there were significant diffirences between two groups(χ²=16.62, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: FLEx has more perfect accuracy, safety, predictability compared to standard LASIK.]]> 2014/9/22 14:18:23 Jing Zhou and Xiao-Jin Huangfu 286true METHODS: The 51 patients(63 eyes)with primary open angle glaucoma with cataract were divided into 2 groups according to a prospective research programme. Twenty-five cases(32 eyes)were treated by phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy in the contol group, and 26 cases(31 eyes)were treated by phacoemulsification combined with Ex-PRESS implantation in the observation group. The clinical effect, level of vision improvement, and result of controlling intraocular pressure were compared, at the same time, the follow-up of 3～6mo was completed to observe the occurrence of complications.

RESULTS: The treatment method and detecting time were both showed the influence on the intraocular pressure of patients(P<0.01), and there was no interactional effect between two factors(P>0.05). At 3mo after treatment, there was no significant difference for best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)between groups(P>0.05), but the clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group. The complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with Ex-PRESS implantation has high curative effect and security in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma with cataract.]]> 2015/8/27 11:19:42 Hui-Qun Xu and Hui Lu 285true METHODS: Forty-four patients(52 eyes)with cataract and diabetic macular edema were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the IVTA group. Twenty-six eyes in the control group underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Additionally, 26 eyes in the IVTA group were treated with IVTA at completion of the surgery. Results of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), optical coherence tomography(OCT)and ophthalmological examination were analyzed. Before and after the treatment, differences of Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(LogMAR BCVA)in groups were compared, as well as the central macular thickness(CMT). Correlations between LogMAR BCVA and other factors were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Six months after the operation, multivariate liner regression analysis was taken to evaluate the correlations between LogMAR BCVA and affecting factors.

RESULTS:LogMAR BCVA in both groups were improved significantly at 3 time points(1, 3 and 6mo respectively)after the surgery(F=3.351,4.588, P=0.022,0.005). No significant difference in LogMAR BCVA between groups were found(P>0.05). One month or 3mo after the surgery(but not 6mo), the IVTA group showed thinner CMT than the control group(t=3.402,2.083, P=0.001, 0.042). Six months after the operation, the mean LogMAR BCVA negatively correlated with the ELM state of the patients(r=-0.611, P=0.006). Results of multivariate liner regression analysis showed that the visual recovery in 6mo after the surgery was affected by the external limiting membrane status(B=0.333,P=0.030)and the duration of diabetes(B=-0.307, P=0.005).

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with IVTA is effective in treating patients with cataract and diabetic macular edema by reducing edema and improving their visual acuity. But IVTA is more effective in reducing edema than improving LogMAR BCVA.]]> 2015/8/27 11:19:42 Bo Yang and Yan Song 284true METHODS: From our hospital between January 2007 and December 2009, the independent line during LASIK surgery in 90 patients(180 eyes)with myopia as the research subjects. According to the different way of cutting and the voluntary principle of nonrandom selection, the patients were divided into three groups: aspheric cutting group, wavefront guided cutting group and conventional cutting group. Each group included low myopia(diopter: ≤-3.00D), moderate myopia(diopter: -3.25～-6.00D), high myopia(diopter: -6.25～-9.00D)and 10 cases(20 eyes). Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, corneal Q value, higher-order aberrations(RMS value)and visual quality parameters, such as patients with visual satisfaction were compared and analyzed among three groups.

RESULTS: Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 1.0 or more after surgery with three different laser cutting modes, without significant difference between groups(P=0.26). Postoperative corneal Q value increased, it was smaller in aspheric cutting group than other two groups, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The high-order aberration RMS values of three groups was increased compared with preoperative, it was significantly smaller in aspheric cutting group and wavefront guided cutting group than that in conventional cutting group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between aspheric cutting group and wavefront guided cutting group(P>0.05). All patients were satisfied after surgery, it was was obviously higher in aspheric cutting group than other two groups, with no statistical significance(P=0.57)

CONCLUSION:Conventional, aspheric and wavefront guided cutting in LASIK for the treatment of myopia are able to obtain a better visual quality and clinical application, while the effect of aspheric cutting is better.]]> 2015/8/27 11:19:43 Xiao-Mao Xu and Shui-Lian Zhou 283true METHODS: Two hundred and nine patients(277 eyes)with high myopia were treated with free-flap LASEK in our hospital, each patient was followed up for 5a. Patients were divided into two groups including groupⅠwith high myopia(<-9.00D, 145 eyes of 115 cases)and groupⅡ(≥-9.00D, 132 eyes of 94 cases). All patients were evaluated at 1, 5d, 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo, 1, 2 and 5a after surgery. The postoperative irritation, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, refractive status, corneal complications, intraocular pressure were observed and analyzed.

RESULTS: On the fifth day after surgery, all epithelial flaps were nearly transparent and 96.3% patients had postoperative irritation symptom such as wear eye pain, photophobia, tearing, foreign body sensation but all could tolerate. Five years after operation, 131 eyes(90.3%)had uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)of ≥1.0, 145 eyes(100%)≥0. 8 in group Ⅰ; 104 eyes(78. 8%)had UCVA of ≥1.0, 119 eyes(90.2%)≥0. 8, 129 eyes(97.7%)≥0. 6 and 3 eyes(2. 3%)<0.6 in group Ⅱ. The diopter tended to be stable in both groups after 6mo and there was no statistically significant difference after 6mo and 5a(P>0. 05), but there was statistical significance difference between each time point of postoperative and preoperative(P<0.01). The two groups had refraction regression, but had no serious intraoperative and postoperative complications, the main complications included haze, refractive regression and high intraocular pressure.

CONCLUSION: Free-flap LASEK is one of methods to treat eyes with high myopia safely and effectively, but should be cautious for super-high myopia.]]> 2015/8/27 11:19:43 Li-Hua Chen 282true METHODS: Ninety-eight patients(196 eyes)with type 2 DR were collected from January 2011 to December 2013 in our hospital. According to the visiting sequence, they were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was given oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin therapy. The treatment group was given Ginkgo leaf extract and oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin therapy. The fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, OCT and electrophysiology were performed before treatment, 3, 6, 9 and 12mo after treatment. The follow-up time was 12mo.

RESULTS: The glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the control group were similar to those of the treatment group. The differences between two groups had no statistical significance(before glucose treatment: t=1.632, P=0.106; 3mo after treatment: t=0.096, P=0.924; 6mo after treatment: t=1.381, P=0.171; 9mo after treatment: t=1.459, P=0.148; 12mo after treatment: t=0.358, P=0.721. before glycosylated hemoglobin treatment: t=0.512, P=0.610; 3mo after treatment: t=0.020, P=0.984; 6mo after treatment: t=0.252, P=0.802; 9mo after treatment: t=0.852, P=0.397; 12mo after treatment: t=0.281, P=0.779). The amplitude of Ops wave in the control group was lower than that in the treatment group. The differences of 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(6mo t=2.454, P=0.015; 9mo t=3.415, P=0.001; 12mo t=3.573, P<0.01). The latency of Ops wave in the control group was longer than that in the treatment group. The differences of 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(9mo t=2.708, P=0.007; 12mo t=3.005, P=0.003). The amplitude of P₁₀₀ wave in the control group was lower than that in the treatment group. The differences of 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(6mo t=3.314, P=0.001; 9mo t=5.542, P<0.01; 12mo t=5.986, P<0.01). The latency of P₁₀₀ wave in the control group was longer than that in the treatment group. The differences of 3, 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(3mo t=2.335, P=0.021; 6mo t=2.777, P=0.006; 9mo t=5.350, P<0.01; 12mo t=8.440, P<0.01). The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the control group was thicker than that in the treatment group. The differences of 3, 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(3mo t=5.146, P<0.01; 6mo t=10.484, P<0.01; 9mo t=10.528, P <0.01; 12mo t=18.378, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Ginkgo leaf extract can reduce macular edema, improve the retinal ganglion cell function in patients with DR.]]> 2015/8/5 15:43:41 Rui Jiang,Yong-Zheng Zheng,Bing-Yi Ren and Guang-Hui Liu 281true METHODS: Sixty patients with glaucoma(113 eyes)were randomly divided into the control group(30 cases, 55 eyes). and the observation group(30 cases, 58 eyes). The patients in control group took based treatment, and those in observation group were treated by combined with puerarin eye drops. Then the disease-related visual acuity, visual field, intraocular pressure of two groups were compared, and optic disc parameters and antioxidant indexes capacity before and after treatment of two groups were also compared.

RESULTS: After 2, 6wk of treatment, the visual acuity and light sensitivity of observation group were higher than those of control group, while the intraocular pressure and visual field defect were smaller than those of control group(P<0.05); the rim area, rim volume, optic disc volume and horizontal diameter ratio cups of observation group were higher than those of control group, and the vertical diameter ratio cups was higher than that of control group(P<0.05); the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, TAC, CAT of observation group were all higher than those of control group, and the MDA was lower than that of control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Puerarin eye drops play the effect of reducing intraocular pressure and improving vision, the visual field loss and optic disc for patients with glaucoma through the inhibition of oxidative stress response of aqueous, and puerarin eye drops has positive significance in the treatment of glaucoma.]]> 2015/8/5 15:43:41 Chun-Ying Zhao,Li-Hong Hou and Hui-Xin Che 280true METHODS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)and intraocular len(IOL)Master were measured for simple vitrectomy patients(the simple group, 37 eyes)and vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery patients(the combined group, 11 eyes). Several parameters were measured such as the anterior chamber depth(ACD), angle opening distance(AOD), trabecular iris angle(TIA), axial length(AL), et al. The simple group was further divided into three sub-groups by various tamponade materials in vitreous: silicone oil group, gas group and equilibrium liquid group. All patients were measured including ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA500, AL and corneal curvature(K1, K2)parameters preoperatively and 2wk postoperatively.

RESULTS: AOD250, AOD500, TIA500 and AL were decreased 0.13±0.21mm, 0.16±0.22mm, 8.68°±9.72° and 0.18±0.24mm(all P<0.05)respectively in the simple group postoperatively. ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA500 and AL in combined group increased 0.95±0.54mm, 0.13±0.12mm, 0.22±0.20mm, 11.49°±11.06°, and 0.45±0.30mm(all P<0.05)respectively after operation. Alteration of ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA500 and AL were different between simple group and combined group(P<0.05). Of data from various tamponade materials sub-groups, ACD, AOD250, AOD500 and TIA500 of the gas group reduced 0.19±0.17mm, 0.14±0.09mm, 0.20±0.12mm, and 12.02°±6.64° respectively after operation(P<0.05), the AOD250, AOD500, TIA500 and axial length of silicone oil group decreased 0.19±0.25mm, 0.21±0.26mm, 10.44°±9.67° and 0.23±0.19mm respectively after operation(P<0.05), while equilibrium liquid group had no significant changed in all intraocular structure(P>0.05). However, neither the corneal thickness nor curvature(K1, K2)were changed postoperatively(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Alteration of anterior segment and axial length in combined group are different from that of the simple group, while the corneal thickness and corneal curvature(K1, K2)are not obviously changed in all groups. Meanwhile, various tamponade materials can also cause different impact on intraocular structure and refraction. In brief, alterations of intraocular structure might cause discrepant refractive changes and potential influence of visual quality.]]> 2015/8/5 15:43:41 Guang-Ming Zhou,Liang Yan and Qiang Wu 279true METHODS: The articles on the association of RNFL thickness and OSA were retrieved by searching international and national databases. The qualified articles were assessed by Meta-analysis with Stata11.0 software.

RESULTS: Totally 10 studies enrolled 1 488 eyes were included in the Meta-analysis. The results of Meta-analysis showed that in OSA patients, there was a significant average RNFL thickness reduction compared with the control group. There were significant differences in superior, nasal and inferior RNFL thickness between the two groups. WMD with a 95%CI were \〖-2.97, 95%CI:(-4.65～-1.30), P<0.01\〗, \〖-3.05, 95%CI:(-4.93～-1.17), P=0.002\〗, \〖-3.81, 95%CI:(-6.95～-0.68), P=0.02\〗, \〖-4.16, 95%CI:(-7.63～-0.68), P=0.02\〗 respectively.

CONCLUSION: RNFL thickness is reduced in OSA patients compared with the control group. OCT may become a standard part of the evaluation of patients in OSA.]]> 2015/8/5 15:43:41 Dai-Zong Wen,Jin-Hai Huang and Rui-Xue Tu 278true METHODS: This was a case-control study and a Meta-analysis. Forty-six CSCR patients diagnosed by the fundus pre-set lens, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)were enrolled in this study. Sixty two age-, sex-, diopter- and axial length-matched 62 normal subjects(62 eyes)were enrolled in this study as the control group. Using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT), SFCT of CSCR eyes and normal control eyes were measured and compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to assess the association between SFCT and clinical factors. The Meta-analysis were conducted using the Stata software package to calculate the summary weighted mean differences(WMDs).

RESULTS:The mean SFCT of the CSCR group and the normal control group was 397.34±83.91μm and 274.48±62.57μm, respectively. The CSCR eyes had a thicker choroid than the control eyes at the SFCT(P<0.01). Univariate and multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the SFCT was significantly thicker in association with the CSCR diagnosis. The result of our case-control study was consistent with the results of the further Meta-analysis with the pooled WMD of 156.13μm(95% CI: 137.43, 174.83)for SFCT.

CONCLUSION:Along with the comprehensive Meta-analysis, SFCT in CSCR eyes was thicker than that of normal control eyes. Increased SFCT might be associated with CSCR.]]> 2015/8/5 15:43:41 Han-Yuan Ye and An-Huai Yang 277true METHODS: With case-control study, 164 eyes from 115 cataract patients were divided into four groups according to the preoperative HbA1c level. Control group A: 43 eyes from 30 cases without diabetes(HbA1c≤6.5%). Diabetes groups: group B was consisted of 38 eyes from 26 cases(HbA1c≤6.5%), 40 eyes of 28 case was in group C(6.5% 8.0%). Corneal endothelial microscopy was used to detect the parameters like endothelial cell density(CD), coefficient of variation(CV), percentage of regular hexagonal cells(6A)between pre-operation and post-operation at 1d, 1, 2wk, 1mo. The results were analyzed.

RESULTS: The endothelial cell density, CV and 6A cell had no significant difference in four groups before treatment(P>0.05). The CD and 6A were decreased and CV was increased in all groups after operation of 1d, 1, 2wk and 1mo. The difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05). There were statistical differences of 6A and CV in diabetes groups compared with control group(P< 0.05). The decreasing of CD between group A and group B had no difference(P>0.05). There were statistical differences of CD in group C and group D compared with group A(P<0.05). There were statistical differences of CD, 6A and CV within diabetes groups(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Cataract phacoemulsification had certain degree damage on corneal endothelial cell. Corneal endothelial appeared the minimal injury when the postoperative HbA1c≤6.5%. For diabetic cataract patients, the higher HbA1c before, the heavier damaged after the surgery.]]> 2015/7/1 9:46:02 Bei-Bei Wan and Jun Xu 276true METHODS:In this prospective clinical control study, 60 cases(60 eyes)with cataract performed 2.2mm micro-incision phacoemulsification combined IOL implantation(micro-incision group, implanted Akreos MI60 IOL )and 3.0mm incision phacoemulsification operation(small incision group, implanted Akreos Adapt IOL), whose axial length ranged 17.68～21.32mm, average 20.35±0.61mm. Average axiall ength respectively of two groups: 20.57±0.39mm and 20.21±0.52mm. Effect Phaco time(EPT)and average ultrasonic energy(AVE)were recorded. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth(ACD), corneal endothelial cell density and the operative complications were observed postoperatively. All cases were followed up at 1, 7, 30 and 90d after operation.

RESULTS:EPT and AVE between two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05). At the 1, 7 and 30d after surgery, induced astigmatism(SIA)of micro-incision group was lower than that of small-incision group. SIA between two groups had statistically significant(P<0.05), but in the 90d SIA between two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05). At the 7d, the BCVA between two groups had statistical significance(P<0.05), but at the 30 and 90d, BCVA between two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05). At the 7, 30 and 90d, corneal endothelial cell density of micro-incision group was higher than that of small incision group. Corneal endothelial cell density between two groups had no statistical significance. The mean ACD was significant increased postoperatively than preoperatively and had no statistical significance(P>0.05). The anterior chamber stabilized during the operation. There was not incision hot harmed during operation and postoperation.

CONCLUSION:Compared with 2.2mm micro-incision and traditional 3.0mm incision phacoemulsification, two groups have the same safety and 2.2mm micro-incision phacoemulsification has small SIA, organization small harm and improved visual acuity in early stage.]]> 2015/7/1 9:46:02 Xing-Xing Zhao and Wei Cui 275true in situ keratomileusis(EPI-LASIK)in mild to moderate myopia.

METHODS: Sixty cases(120 eyes)undergone EPI-LASIK with equivalent diopter(SE)were divided into two groups: mild myopia group(60 eyes)and moderate myopia group(60 eyes). Objective visual acuity, aberration, contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity were measured before and 1wk; 1, 6mo after operation, and made comparative analysis.

RESULTS: Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)of two groups were better than that of preoperative(P<0.05). Postoperative 6mo, there were significant differences on total high RMS between two groups(P<0.05). Before operation and 6mo after operation, higher-order aberrations had statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). After 1wk and 1mo, there were statistical significances at the five frequencies between two groups(P<0.05). After 6mo, the mild myopia group returned to preoperative levels, however, moderate myopia group in the high frequency region(18.0c/d)had significant difference with before surgery(P<0.05). 1wk after surgery, there were statistically significant differences on the 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0c/d frequency in both groups(all P<0.05), 1mo after surgery, there were significant difference at 12.0, 18.0c/d frequencies(all P<0.05), after 6mo, both groups returned to preoperative levels, showed no significant difference.

CONCLUSION: Visual quality is poorer in mild myopia patients than that in moderate myopia at early stage after EPI-LASIK. Better visual quality is observed at mid-late stage.]]> 2015/7/1 9:46:03 Yin-Liang Huang and Peng Li 274true in situ keratomi(LASIK)and iris location guided mechanical sub-bowman keratomileusis(SBK)for high myopia treatment.

METHODS:Femtosecond LASIK(study group)was performed in 102 eyes of 51 patients with high myopia and 70 eyes of 35 patients were received mechanical SBK(control group)from January to October 2013. The spherical refraction of all the patients was from -6.00～-9.50D. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of the patients was ≥1.0. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), BCVA, thickness of cornea flap, contrast sensitivity function(CSF)and senior ocular aberration were examined in these patients and follow-up was 1a.

RESULTS: At 1a after surgery 94.1% UCVA in study group reached ≥1.0 and there was 94.3% in control group. There was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). Residual refraction of study group was -0.08±0.10 D and control group was -0.10±0.07 D. There was no significant difference of residual refraction between two groups(P>0.05). C12, C8 of senior ocular aberration and RMSH in study group was less than control group, amplification: 0.1642±0.0519 and 0.2229±0.0382(t=8.077, P<0.05), while C7 was equal in two groups: 0.1583±0.1921 and 0.1436±0.1536(t=0.556, P>0.05). C8 was 0.0950±0.069 and 0.1858±0.095(t=7.261, P<0.05). RMSh was 0.3711±0.0847 and 0.5622±0.1033(t=12.801, P<0.05). CSF was no significant difference between study group and control group(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Femtosecond LASIK and mechanical SBK is effective for high myopia. Compared to mechanical SBK, femtosecond LASIK shows more advantages in the senior ocular aberration and visual quality. The cornea flap is more regular from central to peripheral area with femtosecond laser.]]> 2015/7/1 9:46:03 Hong-Su Jiang,Wei-Hua Wu and Wei-Wei Wang 273true METHODS: A total of 50 cases(63 eyes)with age-related cataract were randomly divided into the experimental group(25 cases, 33 eyes)and a control group(25 cases, 30 eyes). Two groups of patients with operation method were same, the experimental group implantation of aspheric intraocular lens, control group with spherical intraocular lens implantation. Uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity were compared, and two groups contrast sensitivity and wavefront aberration were checked.

RESULTS:After 1wk, 1 and 3mo, two groups of patients with uncorrected visual acuity was no significant difference(P>0.05). Three months after surgery, there were no significant differences in best corrected visual acuity compared the two groups(P>0.05). In the non-glare and glare condition, the patients in the two groups at 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0cd frequency contrast sensitivity difference was no significant(P>0.05); In the 1.5cd band, the experimental group contrast sensitivity was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Three months after the operation, the experimental group spherical aberration, coma were significantly lower than those in the control group, there were significant differences between these two groups(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Aspheric intraocular lens in the low frequency contrast sensitivity is significantly better than the spherical intraocular lens, and can reduce the total aberration in cataract patients, so as to improve the postoperative visual function in cataract patients.]]> 2015/6/1 16:06:22 Jian Zhang,Li-Xin Sun,De-Cheng Yu,Jian-Ping Gao,Ling Li and Chang-Bo Hu 272true METHODS: Eighty-four patients of angle-closure glaucoma with cataract were randomly divided into two groups, one was given cataract phacoemulsification treatment, the other was given cataract phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis. Intraocular pressure(IOP), best corrected visual acuity, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle width and pupil size were measured before or after the operation.

RESULTS: All cases' IOP was reduced obviously after the operation, and there was a significant difference between the preoperation and postoperation(P<0.05). Eighty-three eyes were improved in visual acuity, 1 eye was not improved. Anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber angle width after the operation were increased compared with those before operation. Compared with the control group, visual acuity and central anterior chamber depth was no significant difference in the observation group. IOP was controlled more effectively in the observation group, and anterior chamber angle width was increased obviously.

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with improved goniosynechialysis is an effective therapy for angle-closure glaucoma with cataract. it can effectively reduce IOP and increase anterior chamber angle width.]]> 2015/6/1 16:06:22 Chao Li,Xue-Xi Li,Wei-Na Li and Shao-Jun Huang 271true METHODS: Fifty patients with 68 eyes were randomly divided into 2 groups according its treatment situation. Thirty-four patients with 41 eyes were chosen as group one, who were treated with bevacizumab 1.25mg(0.05mL)per eye, and group 2 composed of 16 patients(27 eyes), who were accepted intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide 4mg(0.1mL). Twenty patients(20 eyes), who were diagnosed as macula hole, were chosen for control group. Certain patients were collected as target population according to the inclusion criteria. VEGI, IL-1β and VEGF in vitreous were determined by ELISA, in which the samples of 0.3mL vitreous were collected before intravitreal injection or at 1, 3, 6mo post-injection in the two groups. And the data obtained between groups were compared by SPSS 19.0 statistical software.

RESULTS: Significant difference was found between control group and experimental groups in which VEGI decreased while IL-1β and VEGF increased before injection(P<0.05). However, VEGI increased but IL-1β and VEGF decreased compared with control group after intravitreal injection(P<0.05). The clinical observation showed that the macula edema reduced in experimental groups post-injection, and experimental group 2 was better than experimental group 1 in the long-term results(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: VEGI is found accompanied with VEGF and IL-1β in the vitreous, and they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PDR.]]> 2015/6/1 16:06:22 Rui Shi,Yong Ma,Feng Wang and Jian-Ping Wang 270true 3F₈)and balanced salt solution(BSS)that can be used as tamponade during vitrectomy to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)complicated with vitreous hemorrhage(VH).

METHODS: Studied retrospectively on 74 eyes of 60 patients who underwent vitrectomy surgery with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage in our hospital during June 2008 and June 2014. Based on repeated prior examines on fundus details and the vitrectomy tamponades were chosen.All the patients had been followed up at least 3mo. Depending on different tamponades,the paitents were nonrandomized in three groups and contrasted as visual acuity,intraocular pressure(IOP)and complications respectively.

RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference among these three groups in preoperative eyesight(P<0.05). Moreover,the preoperative eyesight was statistically different between SO and BSS(P<0.05), and difference for the rest being not remarkable(P>0.05). The difference being statistically difference in the postoperative vision among these three groups(P<0.05). The further analysis showed that the paired-comparisons were statistically significant difference between SO and BSS(P<0.05), while the rest two groups of comparison were non-respectively(P>0.05). The preoperative visual function was in contrast to the postoperative(P<0.05). The IOP before surgery was not statistically significant difference(P>0.05). However,the difference among three groups being statistically in the postoperative vision(P<0.05), in addition,the difference existed in each group through pairwise comparison(P<0.05). The occurence rate of complications after surgery in this survey was 47%, the SO group was 50%, the C₃F₈ was 56%, the BSS group was 44%.

CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy is a safe and effective treatment that can help patients who have diabetic vitreous hemorrhage obtain better visual improvement. Because of the physicochemical properties and different conditions, there still has complications after surgery.]]> 2015/5/5 16:34:52 Wen-Yu Fan,Shi-Ying Sun and Lan Cui 269true METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2013, in 45 eyes of 45 high myopic patients with retinal detachment due to macular hole, 28 eyes were in group A of vitrectomy with posterior sclera reinforcement and 17 eyes were in group B of vitrectomy. Preoperative examinations included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, indirect ophthalmoscopy and OCT were performed. In follow-up 6 to 12mo, postoperative examinations of visual acuity, OCT were performed and effects of retinal reattachment and macular hole closure were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:(1)Postoperative examinations: visual acuity was 1.19±0.39 in group A and 1.51±0.34 in group B. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)The retinal reattachment rate was 100% in group A and 88.24% in group B. There was no statistical significance between them(P>0.05).(3)The macular hole closure rate was 82% in group A and 53% in group B. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The treatment of vitrectomy with posterior sclera reinforcement is safe and feasible, which could improve visual acuity and increase the rate of macular hole closure in treating retinal detachment due to macular hole in high myopia.]]> 2015/5/5 16:34:52 Hui-Ru Lin,Jing Xiao and Ying-Jie Liu 268true METHODS:Twenty-one patients with 39 eyes were implanted ICL in our hospital from September 2011 to February 2013. The follow-up was 6～12mo. Central anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber angle(ACA), anterior chamber volume(ACV)were measured by Pentacam preoperatively, 1wk, 1 and 6mo postoperatively. The distance between crystal lens and IOL(ICL-vault)were measured at 1wk, 1 and 6mo postoperatively. Preoperative uncollected visual activity(pre-UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(post-UCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP)were recorded. The paired t-test was used to access the data preoperatively and postoperatively in the statistical way by using SPSS 18.0 statistical software.

RESULTS: Preoperatively, at 1wk, 1 and 6mo postoperatively, ACD were 3.27±0.22, 3.02±0.33, 2.98±0.31, and 2.98±0.32mm. ACA were(40.39±5.40)°,(26.70±4.47)°,(26.96±4.48)°, and(26.95±4.45)°. ACV were 207.74±25.43, 122.87±17.58, 128.05±17.84, and 128.64±17.50mm³, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative data in ACD, ACA, ACV(P<0.05). The distances between crystal lens and IOL(ICL-vault)were 0.49±0.13, 0.46±0.13, and 0.46±0.14 at 1wk, 1 and 6mo postoperatively. There were statistically significant difference between 1wk and the others(P<0.05). There were statistically significant different between the preoperative BCVA and postoperative BCVA(P<0.05). There was no contact between IOL and the crystal len. The anterior chamber angle was all open. There were no serious complications such as cataract, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, etc.

CONCLUSION:ACD, ACA, ACV by Pentacam anterior segment system are found to be decreased after the operation, but there is still a relative safe distance between IOL and the crystal len. ICL implantation is a safe, efficacy method in correcting high myopia, but the long-term effects will require further observation.]]> 2015/5/5 16:34:52 Yuan-Xiang Zhou 267true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for extremely high myopia treatment.

METHODS:Iris location guided SBK was performed in 64 eyes of 32 patients with extremely high myopia and 42 eyes of 84 patients were received iris location guided thin-flap LASIK. All the patients' spherical refraction was -9.00D～-11.00D and the age was 22～35 years. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), refraction, split-lamp examination, topography examination, central corneal stroma thickness, thickness of central corneal flap, thickness of peripheral corneal flap and complication was examined in these patients and follow-up was 6mo.

RESULTS: At 6mo after surgery, 93.8% of the patients received iris location guided SBK and 92.9% received iris location guided thin-flap LASIK achieved a UCVA better than 20/20. There was no significant difference between two groups. Refraction between ±0.5D was 89.1% of SBK group and 84.5% of LASIK group. There was no significant difference. Corneal rear surface height of SBK was 0.046±0.012μm and LASIK was 0.056±0.015μm. Thickness of corneal stroma after surgery was 328.6±14.7μm in SBK group, while it was 301.2±21.6μm in LASIK group and there was significant difference(t=3.127, P=0.001). BUT was 11.38±4.02s and 17.81±4.89s in SBK and LASIK group respectively, with no statistical difference. There was no serious complication in two groups.

CONCLUTION: Both iris location guided SBK and thin-flap LASIK are effective for extremely high myopia, but SBK is safer and more predictive than thin-flap LASIK.]]> 2015/5/5 16:34:52 Qiong Xie and Xiong-Liang Zhu 266true METHODS:Twenty normal control persons, 26 patients with early glaucoma and 29 patients with moderate to severe glaucoma were enrolled in this study. Macular GCIPL, optic nerve head(ONH)parameters and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness were measured in each subject. Then all measured results of each parameter were calculated using SPSS17.0. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)of each parameter were calculated to compare the diagnostic accuracy for detecting early and moderate to severe glaucoma.

RESULTS:For detecting early glaucoma, AUC of average RNFL and seven clock value of RNFL were the biggest(0.871 and 0.896 respectively), the AUC of parameters in GCIPL were also significant, among them, the average GCIPL showed bigger AUC(0.847)than the minimum GCIPL(0.812). For diagnosing moderate to severe glaucoma, the AUC of rim area was 0.992, which was bigger than that of average RNFL(0.991). The minimum GCIPL showed bigger AUC(0.983)than the average GCIPL(0.967). For early glaucoma diagnosis, the sensitivity of average RNFL was the highest(76.9%), while the average GCIPL has the highest specificity(93.5%).

CONCLUSION:AS a new diagnostic parameter for detecting glaucoma, GCIPL shows similar diagnostic potential compared with RNFL. For early glaucoma diagnosis, average RNFL is the most important parameter, while screening early glaucoma, average GCIPL should be paid more attention.]]> 2015/4/8 9:56:56 Xiao-Lan Xu,Jing-Min Guo,Duo-Duo Lu,Mu Li,Hong Zhang and Jun-Ming Wang 265true METHODS:Thirty-five Chinese children(59 eyes)with a mean age of(9.59±2.90)years were recruited. All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. By atropine optometry after they were divided into: high myopia amblyopia group(22 eyes), high myopia group(15 eyes), normal group(22 eyes). RNFL scans were obtained for all eyes using optical coherence tomography and axial length was also surveyed by A-ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate RNFL thickness at each location with axial length and age.

RESULTS:The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia amblyopia group was thinner than that in high myopia group, and thicker than that in normal group. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were thinner than those in high myopia and normal gruops. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in inferior and average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of high myopia(P<0.05). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of normal(P<0.01). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia group was significantly thicker, and in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness were significantly thinner than those of normal(P<0.05). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in inferior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia amblyopia group(R=0.474, R²=0.225, F=4.933, P=0.040). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in superior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia group(R=0.642, R²=0.412, F=9.104,P=0.010). These were no correlation between the peripapillary RNFL thickness and age in high myopia amblyopia, myopia amblyopia and normal.

CONCLUSION:There are significant abnormalities of retinal structure in high myopia amblyopia.]]> 2015/4/8 0:00:00 Juan Wan,Yu Tian and Yan-Wen Xie 264true METHODS: A retrospective study was done in 46 patients with paralytic strabismus who underwent squint correction in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2013. Among 26 horizontal strabismus, the cases of extra rectus palsy was 16, internal rectus palsy was 10. Among all20 vertical strabismus, the cases of superior oblique palsy, superior rectus palsy, inferior rectus palsy, double elevator palsy counted for 7, 8, 2 and 3, respectively. Pathogenesis: trauma was 19 cases, followed by 10 cases that the causes could not be identified. Nine was congenital paralytic strabismus, 8 occurred after nose or brain surgery. The surgery methods included rectus muscle recession, rectus muscle resection, partial rectus muscle transposition, Jensen procedure, inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition of inferior oblique. Statistical software SPSS10.0 was used in chi-square test between two groups, while the situation of paralysis eye movements improved by two methods in the horizontal strabismus group was compared with t test.

RESULTS: Among all horizontal strabismus the rate of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 20(77%), 5(19%)and 1(4%), respectively. Among vertical strabismus the ratio of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 15(75%), 3(15%)and 2(10%). There was no significantly difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The movements of paralytic eyes were improved. Two procedures used in horizontal strabismus, can improve paralysis eye movements were 3.76±0.91, 3.72±0.84mm, with no significant difference(P=0.93)statistically.

CONCLUSION: Paralytic strabismus in adults had complicated conditions. Choosing different operation methods in treating paralytic strabismus according to the degree of paralysis can result in satisfactory cosmetically alignment of the eyes and modify head position and diplopia.]]> 2015/3/9 10:14:41 Zheng-Yong Feng,Hao Wei,Chang-Mei Guo,Dan Hu and Yu-Sheng Wang 263true METHODS: Seventy-two patients(72 eyes)with age-related cataract were divided into two groups by randomized controlled clinical trials, 32 eyes of 32 cases received the apodized diffractive MIOL, 40 eyes of 40 cases received monofocal intraocular lens(MoIOL). Three months after surgery, uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), intermediate visual acuity(IVA), near vision, correct near and far vision were observed. Visual function and quality of life questionnaire was measured.

RESULTS:Three months after surgery, the uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA)and IVA(40, 60, 80cm)in MIOL group were significantly higher than that in MoIOL group(P<0.05). The UCDVA, best corrected distant visual acuity(BCDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA)and distant corrected visual acuity(DCNVA)had no statistically significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). Contrast sensitivity values had no statistically significant difference between two groups at 3mo postoperatively(P>0.05). The spectacle independence in MIOL group was significantly higher than that in MoIOL group(P<0.05)and near vision satisfaction in MIOL group was higher than that in MoIOL group(P<0.05). Compared with those adverse visual symptoms and distant vision satisfaction, there were no statistically significant difference between two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The apodized diffractive MIOL can provide excellent full range of vision and visual quality, effectively decrease the dependence of glasses and improve the life quality after sugery.]]> 2015/3/9 10:14:41 Sheng-Sheng Ma,Dong-Jian Zheng and Na Liang 262true METHODS: Forty-nine eyes from 35 patients treated with topical antiglaucoma medication over 3mo and 45 eyes from 45 normal subjects were collected. The antiglaucoma medication group was divided to subgroup A(single antiglaucoma medication treated group)and subgroup B(combined antiglaucoma medication treated group). The ocular surface structures were performed in all subjects, including Schirmer I test(S I t), tear film break-up time(BUT), fluorescein staining(FL), rose bengal staining(RB), conjunctival impression cytology(CIC), goblet cells density(GCD), content of tear MUC5AC.

RESULTS:The results of S I t was 11.54±5.47mm, and BUT was 11.86±3.13s, and FL and RB score was0.42±0.61 and 0.37±0.98 in normal control group, which was 8.11±4.30mm and 7.49±2.62s, and 1.15±0.87, 1.28±1.08 respectively in antiglaucoma medication group. The differences were significant between normal group and antiglaucoma medication group(t=3.395, P=0.001; t=7.363, P=0.001, t=-4.266, P=0.001; t=7.363, P=0.000); The results of S I t was 9.51±4.76mm, BUT was 8.46±1.24s, and FL and RB score was 0.91±1.03 and 0.85±1.07 in subgroup A, which was 6.34±4.05mm and 6.38±1.25s, and FL and RB score was 1.84±1.14 and 1.56±1.31 in subgroup B. The differences were significant between subgroup A and subgroup B(t=2.514, P=0.012; t=5.844, P=0.000; t=-2.992, P=0.003; t=-2.072, P=0.043). Compared with normal control group, conjunctival epithelium cells damage was observed in antiglaucoma medication group that cell volume enlarged, and cytoplasm/nucleus decreased. The score of CIC of antiglaucoma medication group was significantly increased compared with normal control group(u=6.354, P=0.000), while there was no difference between subgroup A and subgroup B(u=0.69, P=0.48). GCD of normal group and antiglaucoma medication group was(68.37±12.82)/mm² and(32.83±10.68)/mm² respectively. The difference was dramatically(t=14.610, P=0.000); GCD of subgroup A and subgroup B was(39.12±9.35)/mm² and(27.58±8.47)/mm², which was statistically different(t=4.530, P=0.001). The content of tear MUC5AC was significantly decreased in antiglaucoma medication group(13.84±6.72ng/mL)compared with normal control group(32.61±8.65ng/mL)(t=11.804, P=0.000), while the content of tear MUC5AC was also significantly decreased in subgroup B(10.67±4.58ng/mL)compared with subgroup A(20.17±5.84ng/mL)(t=6.349, P=0.000).

CONCLUSION: Topical antiglaucoma medication can decrease tear secretionand tear film stability and damage ocular surface. Combined antiglaucoma medication caused severe damage on ocular surface structures.]]> 2015/3/9 10:14:41 Wei Xie 261true in situ keratomi(LASIK)and microkeratome LASIK according to different residual corneal stroma thickness/cornea thickness(RCST/CT).

METHODS: Ninety-four patients(187 eyes)with femtosecond LASIK(FS-IK)and 96 patients(192 eyes)with microkeratome LASIK(M-IK)were included in this study. LASIK group was divided into three groups according to the ratio of RCST/CT, which were IK-I group(RCST/CT<55%), IK-Ⅱ group(55%≤RCST/CT<60%)and IK-Ⅲ group(RCST/CT≥60%). Corneal hysteresis(CH)and corneal resistance factor(CRF)were measured by reichert ocular response analyzer(ORA)at pre-operation, postoperative 1and 3mo.

RESULTS: Compared with FS-IK and M-IK,there were no statistical difference in CH and CRF(F=0.44, F=2.56, P=0.51, P=0.11). Based on different RCST/CT, there were statistical differences in CH and CRF between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ(F=103.03, 128.48,P<0.05), group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.05), group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ(P<0.05). There were statistical differences in CH and CRF between pre-operation and different postoperative times(F=576.99, 1162.06, P<0.05). CH and CRF of postoperative 1mo and 3mo were significantly smaller than pre-operation(P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between postoperative 1and 3mo(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The biomechanical parameters decreased at early stage after femtosecond LASIK and microkeratome LASIK, but there is no statistical difference between femtosecond LASIK and microkeratome LASIK. The less the ratio of RCST/CT, the more effect on biomechanics.]]> 2015/3/9 10:14:41 Zhong-Ji Li,Xue Li,Chun-Yu Du,Qi Hu,Qiong Wu and Fan Yang 260true in-situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).

METHODS:A total of 90 patients(90 eyes)in routine operation indications received FS-LASIK operation from January to June 2014 in our hospital were collected, including 47 males(47 eyes), 43 females(43 eyes), aged 18-33 years old(mean age 22.38±3.96 years). According to the diopter, the patients were divided into three groups: 30 cases(30 eyes)were in mild myopia group(group A)with diopter ≤3D; 30 cases(30 eyes)were in moderate myopia group(group B)with diopter >3D and ≤6D; 30 cases(30 eyes)were in high myopia group(group C)with diopter >6D. Pentacam measurements were used to measure the anterior chamber parameters including the changes of anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber angle(ACA)before surgery and at 1, 3mo after surgery respectively.

RESULTS:All surgical procedures were performed successfully without complications. Compared with the value of ACD and ACV at pre-operation and 1, 3mo post-operation among groups A, B, C, there was statistically significant difference(P<0.05). In group A, there was statistically significant difference between the values of ACD, ACV at 1, 3mo post-operation(P<0.05), while in groups B, C, there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). However, in groups A, B and C, the value of ACA had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Diopter had no obvious relevance with the changes of ACD, ACV, ACA values.

CONCLUSION:The early changes of anterior chamber parameters after FS-LASIK, including that ACD become shallow, ACV become smaller, but there was no obvious effect on the peripheral anterior chamber angle. There will be a further instruction for those people who want to perform intraocular surgery after ocular refractive surgery.]]> 2015/3/9 10:14:41 Lei Cheng,Ran Zhu,Dan-Mei Wang and Mei Wei 259true METHODS:Thirty-nine children(65 eyes)with the average age of(9.91±3.41)years were recruited. All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. After atropine optometry, they were divided into three groups: high myopia amblyopic group(24 eyes), high myopia group(19 eyes)and normal group(22 eyes). Retinal scans were obtained for all eyes using Heidelberg optical coherence tomography(OCT). Subfoveal macular thickness, retinal thickness at 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm superior(S, 12:00 position), temporal(T, 9:00 position), inferior(I, 6:00 position)and nasal(N, 3:00 position)from the fovea were measured and axial length was also surveyed by A-ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate retinal thickness at each location and to correlate subfoveal macular thickness with axial length and age.

RESULTS:The average subfoveal macular thinkness of the high myopia amblyopic group was thinner than high myopia group but thicker than normal group. There was no statistical difference between three groups(P>0.05). Retinal thickness inferior to the fovea at 0.5mm temporal and superior to the fovea in the high myopia amblyopic group at 1.0mm temporal were both thinner than normal group which had statistically significant(P<0.05). Retinal thickness on nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior at 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm from the fovea were measured, high myopia amblyopic group were the thinnest in the three groups, and there was statistically significant between three groups(P<0.05). There was no correlation between the average subfoveal macular thickness and axial length, age in high myopia amblyopic group.

CONCLUSION:There are significant abnormalities of macula retinal structure in high myopia amblyopic children.]]> 2015/3/9 0:00:00 Juan Wan,Yu Tian and Yan-Wen Xie 258true METHODS: The diopter, corneal curvature, corneal surface regularity index(SRI), tear break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test, and corneal fluorescent(FL)were recordedon 40(80 eyes)adolescent myopia patients(mean age 13.68±2.32 years), who had worn OK contact lensfor more than 1 year, with mean spherical equivalent refraction -3.61±1.48D before wearing OK contact lens. These indexes were tested and recorded before the patients' wearing OK contact lens and 5 times(1wk and 1, 3, 6, 12mo after the first wearing)during the patients' overnight wearing OK contact lens for 8～10 hours per day.

RESULTS: Compared with pre-wearing, at post-wearing OK contact lens 12mo, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was apparently decreased from -3.61±1.48D to -1.39±1.31D(P<0.01). The corneal curvature was significantly flattened from 42.29±1.55D to 40.13±1.41D(P<0.01). Mean SRI was increased from 0.34±0.01 to 0.37±0.01(P<0.01). Mean BUT was decreased from 10.39±2.25s to 7.26±1.77s(P<0.01). These indexes were stable at 1wk after wearing OK contact lens overnight and had no significant differences during the following(1, 3, 6, 12mo after wearing)tests(P>0.05). There were no significant differences on Schirmer Ⅰ test during the 12mo of OK wearing(P>0.05). The cases of corneal fluorescent staining increased were mainly grade I, and the number of corneal staining grade I at 1 wk and 1, 3, 6, 12 mo after wearing were 15 eyes(18.8%), 9 eyes(11.3%),13 eyes(16.3%), 9 eyes(11.3%), and 12 eyes(15.0%). BUT of corneal staining grade I wasdecreased significantly, compared with the BUT of corneal staining grade 0 during the 12mo of OK wearing(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: OK contact lens can significantly decrease the degree of myopia and K value of corneal curvature without changing tear volume. However, tear film stability weakens, which needs regular follow-up.]]> 2015/1/30 15:09:35 Jian Li,Ping Dong,Cheng-Xin Wang and Hu Liu 257true in situ keratomileusis(Femto-LASIK).

METHODS: From May to September in 2013, 88 eyes of 45 patients with myopia who accepted Femto-LASIK were enrolled in this study. The morphology of central corneal endothelial cells was measured by a non-contact corneal endothelial cell analyzer before, 1mo and 1a after surgery. The number, density, average size, size standard deviation, size coefficient of variation and hexagonality of the corneal endothelial cells were observed. All the measurements were analyzed by statistical analysis.

RESULTS: All patients underwent operation smoothly, and no complication was observed during and after surgery; One month after surgery, the endothelial cell density(ECD)was 2 815.34±297.07/mm², which had a 2.64% decrease compared with preparative ECD(t=4.60, P=0.00), there was no statistical significance between ECD measurements of 1mo and 1a after surgery(P>0.05); One month after surgery, the size standard deviation(S_SD)was 118.47±31.58μm², which increased significantly compared with the preoperative S_SD(t=-3.87, P=0.03), there was no statistical significance between S_SD measurements of 1mo and 1a after surgery(P>0.05); After surgery, the number, hexagonality, average size and size coefficient of variation of the corneal endothelial cells didn't change statistically(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: In the early period after Femto-LASIK, the ECD decreased slightly, however this kind of surgery did not have significant harm to the function of corneal endothelial cells, and the surgery didn't cause the progressive loss of corneal endothelial cells.]]> 2015/1/30 15:09:35 Xiao-Lei Lu,Fang-Lie Yang and Yu-Zhi Bao 256true METHODS: Fifty Chinese children(65 eyes)with age 4～15 years(mean 9.91±3.41 years)were recruited. By atropine optometry they were divided into high myopia amblyopia group(24 eyes), high myopia group(19 eyes), and normal group(22 eyes). Choroidal scans were obtained for all eyes using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT). Subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT), macular thinkness, choroidal thickness and retinal thickness at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0mm superior(S, 12:00 position), temporal(T, 9:00 position), inferior(I, 6:00 position), nasal(N, 3:00 position)were measured. Meanwhile, axial lengths of all eyes were measured by A-Scan.

RESULTS: Compared high myopia group and emmetropia group, SFCT and the thickness of choroids on each position were thinnest in high myopic amblyopia group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between SFCT and axial length in high myopic amblyopia group(r=-0.531, R²=0.282, F=7.476, P=0.013), with no relative in age(r=-0.292, R²=0.085, F=2.044, P=0.167).

CONCLUSION: The choroidal thickness thinning in high myopic amblyopia shows a negative correlation with axial length.]]> 2015/1/30 0:00:00 Juan Wan,Yu Tian and Yan-Wen Xie 255true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)by Oculus dry eye analyzer examination.

METHODS: The people who had femtosecond LASIK(FS-LASIK)and mechanical microkeratome LASIK in Weifang Eye Hospital from January 2014 to April 2014 were observed. Sixty patients(120 eyes)who had corneal refractive surgery were collected. The average age of patients was 27.46±6.65 years old. The LASIK group had 28 patients(56 eyes)and the FS-LASIK group had 32 patients(64 eyes). The tears river altitude, first tear break up time(BUT), and average BUT at preoperative, 1wk and 1mo after operation were observed by Oculus dry eye analyzer.

RESULTS: By Oculus dry eye analyzer examination, the preoperative tears river altitude of patients was 0.25±0.10mm. First BUT was 6.70±3.86s. Average BUT time was 10.14±4.51s. At 1wk after operation, the tears river altitude of patients was 0.19±0.04mm. The first BUT time was 4.87±1.71s. The average BUT time was 7.77±2.30s. There was significant difference between preoperative and 1wk after operation(P<0.05). At 1mo after operation in two groups, the tears river altitude of patients was 0.19±0.18mm.The average BUT 8.72±2.54s. The BUT was 5.02±2.30s. There was significant difference between preoperative and 1mo after operation(P<0.05). The two groups had significant difference in average tears river altitude and average BUT between 1mo and 1wk after operation. There was no significant difference in the first BUT between 1mo and 1wk after operation. There was no significant difference between LASIK and FS-LASIK groups at any time of the test(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: LASIK and FS-LASIK patients have different degree of dry eye symptom after operation. Dry eye symptoms mainly display in the decrease of tear production and the stability of tear film. It will be better after giving artificial tears. Oculus dry eye analyzer is a non-invasive examination equipment. It can reflect the amount of tears and the stability of tear film. It is usefull in rapid diagnosis of dry eye and judgment of the degree of dry eye symptom after LASIK operation.]]> 2015/1/30 15:09:35 Meng-Jun Fu,Rui Wang,Hao-Run Zhang and Jing-Jing Zhao 254true METHODS:A total of 91 cases of patients with glaucoma treated in our hospital were randomly divided into three groups, 30 cases of group A were given mitomycin in surgery, 31 cases of group B were given 5-fluorouracil, 30 cases of group C were given cyclosporine. They were given 12 -month-follow-up after operation, the operation success rate were recorded, the incidence of 1 -year-adverse reactions, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, low intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber, corneal damage index were recorded.

RESULTS: Intraocular pressure ofgroups A, B, C were respectively(20.5±8.6)mmHg,(15.2±5.5)mmHg,(20.0±8.1)mmHg,by the analysis of variance, group B was significantly lower than other two groups,P<0.05; patients of groups A, B, C whose visual acuity increased ratios after 1y were respectively 22.5%, 38.1%,and 23.1%, by the Chi. square test, the increased ratio of group B was higher than other two groups, P<0.05; The operation success rates after 1y of operation of groups A, B, C were respectively 67.5%,88.1%,71.8%,by the Chi square test, the increased ratio of group B was higher than other two groups, P<0.05; The general incidence of adverse reaction were respectively 22.5%,9.5%,20.5%,by the Chi square test, the increased ratio of group B was lower than other two groups, P<0.05.

CONCLUSION:Glaucoma filtration surgery combined with the application of 5-fluorouracil can improve the operation success rate, decrease the occurrence rate of adverse reaction, and safety can be improved.]]> 2014/12/30 15:26:04 Li-Jing Liu and Bo-Wen Xiao 253true METHODS:A total of 60 cases(82 eyes), the best corrected visual acuity, anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure, width of chamber angle and adverse reaction of patients were researched and analysed before and after treatment.

RESULTS:In this group, 60 cases(82 eyes)compared with that before treatment, the best corrected visual acuity in patients after treatment significantly improved, with significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05); anterior chamber depth of patients before treatment were 2.0±0.3mm, anterior chamber depth after treatment was 4.4±1.0mm, treatment of patients with anterior chamber depth comparison significantly improved after treatment, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05); IOP in patients with postoperative effective control over an extended period, the difference before treatment was statistically significant(P<0.05); the width of chamber angle after treatment compared with before treatment significantly increased, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05); after treatment by the emergence of 5 corneal edema, 3 mydriasis, an iris atrophy, no one cases of retinal detachment.

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsificationin the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma has a high value, can be effectively corrected visual acuity, improve patient anterior chamber angle width and depth, a small incidence of adverse reactions.]]> 2014/12/30 15:26:04 Tao Wang and Jia-Zhong Huang 252true METHODS: In this prospective case series study, the corneal spherical aberration with 6mm aperture of 73 patients(100 eyes)was measured with KR-1W Visual Function Analyzer 1d before surgery. For the sake of the whole postoperative spherical aberration were close to 0.1μm, 9 cases(16 eyes)with corneal spherical aberration <0.15μm were implanted Sofport Advanced Optic IOL, named AO group; 45 cases(57 eyes)with corneal spherical aberration 0.25～0.3μm were implanted AcrySof IQ IOL, named IQ group; 19 cases(27 eyes)with corneal spherical aberration >0.35μm were implanted Tecnis ZA9003 IOL, named Tecnis group. Aspherical IOL was implanted after phacoemulsification through a cornea 2.75mm incision without suture.Uncorrected visual acuity, beat corrected visual acuity, spherical aberration of the whole eye and jnternal optics(mainly IOL)at 6mm pupil diameter were examined at 3mo postoperatively. The relevant data were analyzed using t-test and variance analysis.

RESULTS: The whole ocular spherical aberration at 6mm pupil diameter in all postoperative were 0.084±0.032μm; in Tecnis group, the data were 0.091 ± 0.021μm; in AO group, the data were 0.0814-0.013μm; IQ group were 0.093±0.042μm. There was no significantly different between the predicted value and actual value of ocular spherical aberration at 6 mm pupil diameter in all postoperative(t=1.932, P=0.061)and in the three groups. The difference value in the predicted values of the preoperative spherical aberrations of the whole eye and the actual values after surgery was 0.013±0.041μm; there was no statistically significant difference(F=2.537, P=0.091). Respectively compared the uncorrected visual acuity and besta corrected visual acuity among three groups of postoperative, no significant difference were found(F=0.897, P=0.421; F=1.423, P=0.097).

CONCLUSION: Personality selection of aspheric IOL based on preoperative corneal spherical aberration of patients is feasible and produces satisfactory target postoperative total spherical aberration.]]> 2014/12/30 15:26:04 Xiao-Li Wang,Qian Li,Xiao-Lei Tang,Ying-Chun Lü and Li Guo 251true METHODS: Fifty patients with optic atrophy in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were objected, they were randomly divided into control group(conventional optic atrophy treatment group)and observation group(conventional treatment and hyperbaric oxygen treatment group), each group was 25 cases. Statistical analysis of two group before and after treatment eyesight, vision acuity, visual field defect and ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery blood flow parameters were undergone.

RESULTS: The sight, visual field sensitivity and field vision defect of observation group were all better than those of control group at first, second and third course after the treatment, arteriae ophthalmica and arteriae centralis retinae EDV and PSV were all higher than those of control group, PI and RI were all lower than those of control group were all significant differences(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The application effect of hyperbaric oxygen in the patients with optic atrophy is better, and the influence of treatment method for the ocular hemodynamic parameters are more active.]]> 2014/12/30 15:26:04 Kun Zhang 250true METHODS:Seventy-one patients with diabetes were analyzed retrospectively, and divided into 3 groups according to the degree of DR:the pure diabetes group(n=31), the pure DR group(n=22)and the proliferative DR group(n=18). The incidence of microvascular damage was compared; At the same time, fasting venous blood of patients was extracted, and the VEGF levels were detected with ELISA kits, the endothelial cells(ECs), endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)and circulating progenitor cells(CPCs)counts were detected with flow cytometry.

RESULTS:The incidence of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy was significantly different in three groups, proliferative DR group was higher than pure DR group and pure diabetes group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was difference in VEGF levels among groups, the proliferative DR group was higher than the pure DR group the pure diabetes group, and the pure DR group was higher than the pure diabetes group(P<0.05,P<0.01). VEGF levels in patients complicated with diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy were higher than the non-complicated patients, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was significant difference in ECs, EPCs and CPCs among groups, the ECs of proliferative DR group was higher than that of the pure DR group the pure diabetes group, and that of the pure DR group was higher than that of the pure diabetes group(P<0.01), but EPCs and CPCs reversed. The VEGF level had positively correlation with ECs level(P<0.01), and had negatively correlation with EPCs and CPCs levels(P<0.01)in patients with proliferative DR.

CONCLUSION:VEGF has important significance in the clinical diagnosis and medical treatment of diabetic retinopathy, especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy.]]> 2015/11/27 10:32:22 Ji-Quan Wen,Yi Wang,Jie Yang and Ruo-Xin Wu 249true METHODS:One hundred and sixty-two eyes in 113 DME patients were randomly divided into observation group treated with sodium aescinate combined with 532nm laser(55 cases with 80 eyes)and control group treated with single Nd:YAG 532nm laser(58 cases with 82 eyes). Fundus evaluation including the thickness of macular edema and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in all patients were measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT)to analyze the differences before and after treatments(1,2,3 and 4mo). All patients also underwent fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)before and at 4 mo after treatments.

RESULTS:There was no statistical difference on intraocular pressure(IOP),BCVA,CMT and the number of patient with fluorescence leakage before and after treatments between the two groups(P>0.05).IOP before and after treatments had no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). The BCVA,CMT and number of patients with fluorescence leakage at 1,2,3 and 4mo after treatments of two groups were better than those before treatments,and the differences were statistical significant(all P<0.05).The BCVA, CMT and the number of patients with fluorescence leakage at 1,2,3 and 4mo after treatments of observation group by multiple comparison were statistical significant(all P<0.05). The BCVA at 1,2,3 and 4mo after treatments of control group were not statistical significant by multiple comparison(all P>0.05),The CMT and the number of patients with fluorescence leakage at 1,2,3 and 4mo after treatments of control group were statistical significant by multiple comparison(all P<0.05). Except for 1mo after treatments,the BCVA were not statistical significant between two groups(P>0.05). The BCVA,CMT and number of patients of fluorescence leakage of observation group at same time after treatments were better than those of control group,and the differences were statistical significant(all P<0.05).Eight patients with 9 eyes(14.5%)of observation group had upset stomach and nausea. Four cases(5 eyes)in observation group and 5 cases(5 eyes)in control group developed vitreous hemorrhage and the difference was no statistically significant(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:It is an effective and safe therapeutic method for diabetic macular edema by sodium aescinate combined with laser.]]> 2015/11/27 10:32:22 Wen-Zhe Wei 248true METHODS: Forty-five patients(90 eyes)from January 2010 to February 2014 with VKHS were enrolled in this retrospective case study. The patients were divided into two groups. Twenty-five patients(50 eyes)in observation group were treated with methylprednisolone(1.0g)for 3 days. Then the methylprednisolone was reduced to 0.5g per day in the fourth and fifth day. Twenty patients(40 eyes)in control group were treated with dexamethasone(12mg)for 5 days. Then 60mg of prednisone were given to all the 45 patients and reduced according to the patients' inflammatory, taken off 5mg every time. When the dose was reduced to 15～20mg, the treatment was sustained for 6mo at least. Then the dose was reduced again till prednisone was taken off. The total course of treatment was more than 9mo. All patients underwent B type ultrasound scan, optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)before and after treatments. The changes were analyzed.

RESULTS: There was no statistical significance on vision between the two groups before treatments. Vision of all patients improved after treatments, and that in observation group(0.44±0.19)were significantly better than that in control group(0.55±0.29)at the fifth day(P<0.05). Fifteen days after treatments, vision in the two groups both improved further, that in observation group(0.32±0.17)were better than that in control group(0.39±0.22)without statistical significance(P>0.05). Thirty days after treatment, vision of the two groups was almost back to normal. According to OCT, 84 eyes(93%)had macular neuroepithelial detachment or serous macular detachment, and height of detachment was 1009.67±319.40 μm in observation group, 1098.13±283.45μm in control group. Five days after treatments, the height of detachment in observation group was 307.79±71.35μm, significantly lower than control group(434.13±88.67μm)(P<0.01). And 15 days after treatments,the subretinal fluid in macular zone was absorbed obviously, the height of detachment was 290.61±52.55μm in observation group and 296.55±61.57μm in control group, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). And 30 days after treatments, the morphology of fovea was almost back to normal. One month after treatments, the FFA results were almost normal, expect 8 eyes had slightly leakage.

CONCLUSION: Large dose of methylprednisolone in early stage can improve the VKH patients' vision and promote the subretinal effusion absorption, which has better clinic effect and less adverse reaction than dexamethasone, is worth spread.]]> 2015/10/30 17:17:33 Yan Zheng,Jian-Feng Xu and Gen-Gui Xu 247true METHODS:Seventy patients(70 eyes)with wAMD were selected and divided into study group and control group according to different therapies. The control group received intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. The study group adopted the intravitreal injection with conbercept. Uncorrected visual acuity, the score of reading ability, the central macular thickness(CMT)and the macular pigment optical density of two groups before and after treatment was observed.

RESULTS: the visual acuity of study group was 0.47±0.11 and 0.60±0.14 respectively at 6mo and 1a after treatments, those of control group were 0.27±0.09 and 0.30±0.15. The differences between the two groups at the two points were statistically significant(P<0.05). The CMT of study group was 336.8±65.4 and 301.5±76.8μm respectively at 6mo and 1a after treatments, those of control group were 379.4±88.2 and 368.6±81.3μm. The differences between the two groups at the two points were statistically significant(P<0.05). The macular pigment optical density of study group was 0.19±0.07 and 0.25±0.09DU respectively at 6mo and 1a after treatments, those of control group were 0.12±0.05 and 0.14±0.05μm. The differences between the two groups at the two points were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The intravitreal injection with conbercept has a favorable clinical effect on the treatment of wAMD, Which can greatly improve the uncorrected visual acuity and is worthy promotion.]]> 2015/10/30 17:17:33 Zhen-Liu Zhu and Yun-Xia Liu 246true METHODS: In this prospective control study, 48 cases(48 eyes)with DR Ⅰ～Ⅱ period were divided into the injection group(24 eyes of 24 cases)and the control group(24 eyes of 24 cases). The cases in the control group were treated by conventional glucose-lowering therapeutic scheme. Those in the injection group were treated by compound anisodine hydrobromide acupoint injection 2mL and conventional glucose-lowering therapeutic scheme. The mfERG examination system(RETIscan 3.15 version, Roland, Germany)was applied. These waves of four quadrants of SN, IN, IT and ST, 6 rings and the sum responses from the mfERG examinations were observed and the average density of the sum response, the latent period and amplitude of P1 and N1 waves were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.

RESULTS:The average density of the sum response of P1 and N1 waves in the injection group were 39.42±6.46 and 11.12±1.34nV/deg² respectively, which were higher than those in the control group(28.50±3.73 and 6.33±1.14nV/deg²)(P1:t=6.230,P<0.01; N1: t=3.526, P<0.01). The average density of P1 in SN, IN, IT and ST quadrants in the injection group were 32.61±9.62, 32.31±7.94, 29.24±7.84 and 28.09±5.38nV/deg² respectively, which were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05), while there were no statistic differences in the N1 waves between two groups. The average density of P1 in R1～R6 and N1 in R1～R3 in the injection group were 98.11±17.53, 73.95±17.20, 64.09±14.13, 49.43±10.08, 40.24±11.55, 36.86±6.43, 25.27±12.81, 21.31±6.76 and 14.86±5.06nV/deg² respectively, which were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference on the average density of N1 in R4 ～ R6 between the two groups. The wave amplitude of P1 and N1 in IT and ST in the injection group were 1.37±0.35, 1.28±0.29, 0.31±0.05 and 0.30±0.10μV respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05)while there were no statistic differences in the P1 and N1 in SN and IN between two groups.

CONCLUSION: The compound anisodine hydrobromide acupoint injection can improve the retinal function of DR in the early period.]]> 2015/10/30 17:17:33 Li-Mei Gao 245true METHODS: In this prospective study, 60 patients(120 eyes)with myopia or myopic astigmatism, who volunteered to receive SMILE from April 2014 to October 2014 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, were divided into two groups: contact lens group(60 eyes)and non-contact lens group(60 eyes). The values of corneal endothelial cell density and the percentages of hexagonal cells, detected by NIDEK confoscan4 corneal confocal microscopy before and 1wk, 1, 6mo after surgery, were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS: All patients were with successful surgery and there were no complications intraoperative and postoperative. No differences were noted between two groups in terms of average age, refractive error, stromal ablation depth, residual stromal bed depth, and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(P>0.05). Using the analysis of variance of repeated measurement data, there were no statistically significant differences regarding mean endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cells in pre- and 1wk, 1, 6mo post-SMILE within non-contact lens group(F=0.864, 2.488; P=0.460, 0.061). In the contact lens group, no differences were found regarding mean endothelial cell density in pre- and 1wk, 1, 6mo post-operation(F=0.135, P=0.939), but there were significant differences in the percentage of hexagonal cells(F=4.913, P=0.002). The percentage of hexagonal cells decreased significantly at 1wk post-operation(30.70±4.08)% compared with preoperative(32.23±4.15)%(P=0.045), returned to the preoperative levels at 1mo after surgery(33.05±4.28)%(P=0.364), and showed no difference(P=0.091)at 6mo after surgery(34.06±5.11)% with preoperative data. The percentages of hexagonal cells in the contact lens group were significantly lower in pre- and 1wk, 1mo post-operation than those in the non-contact lens group(t=2.051, 1.723, 2.092; P=0.037, 0.042, 0.034), however, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups at 6mo after surgery(t=0.131, P=0.986).

CONCLUSION: If the required residual stromal thickness limit was ≥300μm, SMILE to correct myopia or myopic astigmatism has no effect on the corneal endothelial cell density, only has short effect on the percentage of corneal hexagonal cells, which is slighter than wearing contact lens. SMILE to correct myopia is safe for corneal endothelium.]]> 2015/9/25 17:05:19 Li-Kun Xia,Dan Wang,Jing Ma,He-Nan Liu and Yang Yang 244true METHODS:Fifty patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy from January 2010 to January 2014 in our hospital were selected for the study, and were divided into two groups, the control group and the observation group, using a random number table. Twenty-five patients(43 eyes)in the observation group completed panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)therapy once by 577nm laser multi-point scanning. Twenty-five patients(41 eyes)in the control group completed PRP therapy by the single-point multiple scanning. The differences of average threshold sensitivity of visual field, F-ERG a/b wave amplitude, the clinical effective rates, the laser energy, the number of laser spot and the energy density between the two groups at various time points were compared.

RESULTS:At 1d after the treatments, average threshold sensitivity of visual field was lower than those at 1d before treament, and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.421, P=0.017). The differences of average threshold sensitivity between the two groups at 1d before treatments, at 1d, 1, 2, 6, 12mo after treatments, were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The F-ERG a wave amplitude of both groups at 1d after treatments were lower than those of 1d before treatments, and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.319, P=0.025). There were no differences of the F-ERG b wave amplitude between both groups at 1d before treatments and at 1d, 1, 2, 6, 12mo after treatments(P>0.05). The F-ERG b wave amplitude of both groups at 1d after treatments were lower than those at 1d before treatments, and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.276, P=0.031). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of clinical effective rates and the number of laser spot(P>0.05). Laser energy used in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, the energy density was lower than that in the control group. The differences on the two items were statistically significant(P <0.05).

CONCLUSION:There is no significant difference on clinical efficacy between laser multi-point scanning and single-point multiple scanning of PRP therapy. But the energy density of multi-point scanning mode is lower, and the damage made by this mode is less.]]> 2015/9/25 17:05:19 Qiao-Yan Long,Qing-Shan Chen,Yu-Hua Chen,Jiao Liu,Yuan-Fei Zhu and Hai-Lan Liao 243true METHODS: A total of 90 diabetes patients from January 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled, including non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR,n=30), simple diabetic retinopathy(SDR, n=30), proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR, n=30). Thirty healthy persons were included as normal control(NC). Chemerin level, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), adiponectin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Clinical characters including BMI, underlying diseases, blood lipids ect. were collected.

RESULTS: The serum levels of Chemerin in NC, NDR, SDR, and PDR group were 12.35±3.56, 26.50±5.34, 34.67±7.72, 40.97±8.97μg/L respectively. The serum levels of Chemerin in SDR and PDR group were significantly higher than those in NC and NDR group(P<0.01). Serum levels of Chemerin positively correlated with TNF-α(r=0.8746, P<0.01)and negatively correlated with adiponectin(r=-0.7418,P<0.01). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that Chemerin was an independent risk factor for DR(OR=8.458, 95%CI: 1.611～44.410, P=0.012).

CONCLUSION: The results show that serum Chemerin level is significantly elevated in DR patients, and Chemerin may be involved in the development of DR.]]> 2015/9/25 17:05:19 Jing Yang,Peng Nie and Chun-Jiu Hang 242true METHODS: Clinical case series study was applied. One hundred and twenty-two patients with monocular onset NAION were randomly divided into three groups. Routine treatment was given to all of patients. Control group A(40 patients with 40 eyes)were undergone subcutaneous injection of compound anisodine besides superficial temporal artery, 2mL each time, twice per day; control group B(41 patients with 41 eyes)were given intramuscular injection of mouse nerve growth factor, 30μg each time, once per day; and the combined group(41 patients with 41 eyes)received compound anisodine and mouse nerve growth factor for four consecutive weeks. Visual acuity and fundus were observed every day during the treatment period. When the treatment finished, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), visual field and OCT were checked and recorded. The results were analyzed.

RESULTS: The recovery of visual acuity and visual field in the combined group was better than those of two control groups(P<0.05). Optic nerve fiber layer became thinner in the combined group which was still thicker than that in the control groups after the treatment, and there was significantly statistical difference(P<0.05). Visual acuity, visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer had no statistical differences between control group A and control group B(P>0.05). The effective rates of the three groups were respectively 70%(control group A), 65.9%(control group B), 92.7%(the combined group). The overall effective rate of patients in the combined group was significantly higher than that of two control groups(P<0.05), while the clinical efficacy of two control groups had no statistical difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Mouse nerve growth factor combined with compound anisodine has a remarkable effect on the treatment of NAION.]]> 2015/9/25 17:05:19 Bei-Bei Wan and Jun Xu 241true METHODS: A study was performed on the clinical material of 72 patients(72 eyes in total)with macular edema due to panretinal photocoagulation under the treatment in our hospital from Jan. 2012 to Jan. 2015. All of the 72 eyes were underwent treatment with panretinal photocoagulation because of serious diabetic retinopathy. After the treatment of panretinal photocoagulation, the patients got macular edema to varying degree, and some even acquired more serious macular edema than before. Seventy-two eyes were randomly divided into two groups, with respectively 36 eyes in each group: one was the injection group and the other was oral group. The former(patients)were treated with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide(0.025ml, 1mg); the latter(patients)took orally calcium dobesilate capsule. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), intraocular pressure(IOP)and complications were observed before the treatment and 1mo, 3mo and 6mo after treatment.

RESULTS: There was not obvious statistical significance on basic characters between two groups(P>0.05). Intra-group comparison: after 1mo, 3mo and 6mo of treatment, BCVA and CMT in the injection group were improved significantly as compared with that before treatment(P<0.05); there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure(P>0.05). After 1mo, 3mo and 6mo of treatment, BCVA and CMT in the oral group showed no statistically significant differences before and after treatment(P>0.05); no differences were found in intraocular pressure(P>0.05). Intergroup comparison: after 1mo, 3mo and 6mo of treatment, BCVA and CMT in the injection group were improved significantly than that in the oral group(P<0.05), but there were no statistical differences in intraocular pressure between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, there were not any severe ocular and physical complications in two groups.

CONCLUSION: In terms of improving BCVA and CMT of patients with macular edema due to panretinal photocoagulation, the injection of 1mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide is more efficient than oral calcium dobesilate. Both of them are safe and didn't cause any obvious side effects or severe complications.]]> 2016/8/22 9:57:56 Yong-Hong Shi and Yan-Long Jia 240true METHODS: Retrospective control study. A total of 142 patients(169 eyes)with PDR were recruited to have 23G vitrectomy surgery and were divided into 4 groups as intravitreal injection of ranibizumab(Group A, 35 patients, 41 eyes), panretinal photocoagulation(Group B, 34 patients, 39 eyes), combine IVR and PRP(Group C, 32 patients, 38 eyes)and control group(Group D, 41 patients, 51 eyes). The average operating time, blooding during operation, the use of filler and electric coagulation, iatrogenic breaks, best corrected visual acuity in 1mo and complication were comparatively analyzed among the 4 groups.

RESULTS: The average operating time was 70.03±8.91min in Group A, 71.13±8.89min in Group B, 68.60±6.73min in Group C and 103.23±17.44min in Group D. The average operating time of A, B, C groups were significantly reduced than Group D, the difference was statistically significant(P_AD,P_BD,P_CD<0.05). The difference of iatrogenic breaks in four groups was no statistically significant(χ²=0.531, P>0.05). Electric coagulation were used in 8 eyes of Group A, in 11 eyes of Group B, in 7 eyes of Group C and in 38 eyes of Group D. The use of electric coagulation in Group A, B, C were significantly reduced than Group D, the difference was statistically significant(χ²_AD=27.499, χ²_BD=19.105, χ²_CD=27.405, P_AD,P_BD,P_CD<0.0167). But there was no significant difference in Group A, B, C(χ²=1.305, P>0.05). Filler were needed in 6 eyes of Group A, in 7 eyes of Group B, in 5 eyes of Group C and in 28 eyes of Group D, the use of filler in A, B, C groups were significantly reduced than D group, the difference was statistically significant(χ²_AD=15.818, χ²_BD=12.698, χ²_CD=18.014,P_AD、P_BD、P_CD<0.0167); but there was no difference in A,B,C groups(χ²=0.360, P>0.05). Continuous or severe bleeding during the operation in the four groups were no difference(χ²=2.809, P>0.05).The best corrected visual acuity of 1mo after surgery was 0.274±0.151, 0.175±0.079, 0.277±0.137, 0.177±0.059 respectively in the four groups; Groups A, B, C were significantly increased than Group D, the difference was statistically significant(P_AD,P_BD,P_CD<0.05). There were 5, 5, 4, 20 eyes happened vitreous hemorrhage again respectively in Group A, B, C, D of 1wk; Group A, B, C were significantly reduced than Group D, the difference was statistically significant(χ²_AD=8.385, χ²_BD=7.675, χ²_CD=9.100, P_AD, P_BD, P_CD<0.0167); but there were no difference after 1 and 3mo among four groups(χ²_1mo=2.933, χ²_3mo=2.249, P_1mo, P_3mo>0.05).

CONCLUSION:The therapy of ranibizumab and panretinal photocoagulation before vitrectomy surgery can effectively shorten the operation time, reduce the use of filler and electric coagulation and complication, effectively increase the visual acuity.]]> 2016/8/22 9:57:56 Qing Liu and Ming Ai 239true METHODS: According to surgical treatment options 420 patients with myopia patients were(817 had eyes)divided into observation group(225 patients, 431 affected eyes)and control group(195 patients, 386 affected eyes). The observation group was treated with SMILE surgery correction, control group was treated with Bowman's layer of excimer laser in situ angular membrane keratomileusis(SBK)correction. The therapeutic effect of patients in two groups and the incidence rate of adverse reaction were comparativel analyzed.

RESULTS: After 1wk, 1mo and 3mo, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Before and 1wk, 1mo, 3mo after operation, two groups of patients with corneal surface vertex height difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05)in the preoperative and postoperative 3mo, the rupture time of the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group(P<0.05). Preoperative and postoperative 1mo, 3mo, the two groups had no significant difference in the wet length of the Schirmer I test paper(P>0.05). Four eyes of the two groups had eye surgery source of corneal before surface clover grass difference, coma, spherical aberration and total higher order aberration compared the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The curative effect of SMILE surgery is similar to SBK surgery for myopia, but the early postoperative had better tear film stability.]]> 2016/8/22 9:57:56 Qi-Feng Wang, Juan Zhang, Jie Li and Qing-Song Zhang 238true METHODS: Forty-eight patients(52 eyes)with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated in our hospital were selected. According to the degree of retinal detachment, patients were divided into <1/2 quadrant group, 1/2-3/4 quadrant group and >3/4 quadrant group. Fifty-five healthy objects for physical examination in our hospital were selected as the control group,to compare the differences of amino acids and VEGF levels in the serum. Correlation analysis on VEGF levels and amino acids in the serum and in subretinal fluid among patients with different grades of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was conducted.

RESULTS: In patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, the tryptophan in serum was 28.59±4.46mg/L, phenylalanine 8.95±2.55mg/L, methionine 8.15±2.17mg/L, valine 28.62±5.29mg/L, histidine 18.96±1.85mg/L and VEGF 589.92±185.34μg/L, which were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The levels of phenylalanine was 9.85±1.21mg/L, histidine 20.63±2.07mg/L and VEGF 718.69±283.34μg/L in the subretinal fluid of >3/4 quadrant group, which were significantly higher than those in the <1/2 quadrant group and 1/2-3/4 quadrant group(P<0.05). VEGF in the subretinal fluid of VEGF in the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment group were positively correlated with phenylalanine(r=0.542, P<0.001), and histidine(r=0.782, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The levels of amino acids and VEGF in the subretinal fluid of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was higher than those in normals and increased with the severity of retinal detachment.]]> 2016/7/26 10:36:27 Liang Wang, Yun Wu, Zong-Bo Wu and Wei Liu 237true METHODS: There were 43 patients(43 eyes)with RR were collected at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yet-Sen University between Jan. 2009 and Jan. 2014. Twenty-one patients received the photocoagulation treatment combined with intravitreal bevacizumab and 22 patients received the treatment of photocoagulation alone. All the patients would complete ophthalmologic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography before and after the treatment.

RESULTS: BCVA: In monotherapy group, there were no statistically difference about BCVA before and after treatment(P>0.05). In combined therapy group, the BCVA had been increasing gradually in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment(P<0.05). There was no significant difference about BCVA before and 1a after treatment(P>0.05). In the comparison of BCVA in these two groups in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment, the combined therapy group were better than monotherapy group in each time point(P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference was observed in these two groups at 1a after treatment(P>0.05). Central macular thickness(CMT): in monotherapy group, the CMT had been decreasing gradually in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment(P<0.05). There was no significant difference about CMT before and after 1a treatment(P>0.05). In combined therapy group, the CMT had been decreasing gradually in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment(P<0.05). There was no significant difference about CMT before and 1a after treatment(P>0.05). In the comparison of CMT between these two groups in the 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment, those of combined therapy group were thinner and difference were statistically significant(P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference was observed in two groups at 1a after treatment(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Photocoagulation combined with intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of radiation retinopathy both have an effect on reducing the macular edema in a short time(6mo). But the long-term efficacy is poor.]]> 2016/7/26 10:36:27 Xiao-Jing Zhao, Cheng-Cheng Yang, Hui Zheng, Bin-Hui Li and Qin Li 236true METHODS:Two hundred and thirty-four eyes of 118 patients for corneal refractive surgery were enrolled for this study. Pupil diameters and angle Kappa values under light and dark conditions were measured by Keratron Scout corneal topography.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in pupil diameters between light and dark conditions(P<0.01). More angle Kappa of both eyes distributed in the superior nasal quadrant under light conditions, and more angle Kappa distributed in the superior temporal quadrant under dark conditions. The differences of horizontal and vertical offsets of angle Kappa under two conditions were statistically significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The changes of pupil diameters in light and dark conditions could affect angle Kappa and then affect the accuracy of corneal refractive surgery centered on angle Kappa.]]> 2016/7/26 10:36:27 Rong Shi, Ze-Hong Dong, Wei Zhao, Xue-Ting Chen, Li-Rong Dong, Jie Feng, Yu-Sheng Wang 235true METHODS: Ninety two eyes with Ⅳ-Ⅴgrades cataracts were enrolled in this randomized prospective study. Operated eyes were divided into two groups-those operated without IP software(non-IP group, n=43)and those operated using IP software(IP group, n=49). The two groups were compared in terms of ultrasound time(UST)and cumulative dissipated energy(CDE). Post-operative outcome measures included the corneal edema and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at 1,7d and 3mo postoperatively, corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cell at 7d and 3mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: UST was measured as 52.51±9.64s in non-IP Group and 48.79±7.13s in IP Group(P=0.030). CDE was 15.78±3.73% in non-IP Group and 14.29±2.77% in IP Group(P=0.026). At the first postoperative day, the rate of BCVA>0.1 in non-IP Group was 56%, and the rate in IP Group was 79%(P=0.066). Corneal edema in non-IP Group was 2.98±0.77 scores, and in IP Group it was 2.61±0.64 scores(P=0.021). At the postoperative 7 and 30d, the BCVA and corneal edema were no differences between two groups. At the postoperative 7d, corneal endothelial cell density in non-IP Group were 2497.95±211.48/mm², less than 2586.26±154.71/mm² in IP Group(P=0.029); percentage of hexagonal cell in IP group was 48.33±8.69%,higher than 44.19±9.48% of non-IP group(P=0.030).

CONCLUSION: In hard nucleus cataract extraction, the IP software can combine the advantages of the two kinds of ultrasonic modes, which is more effective with lower ultrasound energy and less injury for the corneal endothclium, and is helpful for the recovery of vision at early stage after surgeries.]]> 2016/6/29 17:05:28 Cun Sun, Ying Jie and Jian-Qiang Zhang 234true METHODS:The 66 patients(118 eyes)with DR at Ⅲ～Ⅴ stage were randomly divided into two groups(treatment group and control group). The control group(33 patients with 56 eyes)was treated with argon laser, and the treatment group(33 patients with 62 eyes)was treated with mingjing decoction combining with argon laser, and a blank group(30 eyes)was set up. The levels of plasma VEGF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results of best corrected visual acuity and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)were analyzed, as well as detected glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), blood coagulation function and the function of liver and kidney.

RESULTS:Patients with DR had significantly risen plasma VEGF before treatment when compared with blank control group(P<0.05). After 3mo of combined treatment, the levels of plasma VEGF significantly reduced and HbA1c decreased in patients treated with mingjing decoction and argon laser, there were statistically significant difference compared to control group(P<0.05). In the treatment group, the best corrected visual acuity and FFA were significantly improved in patients treated with mingjing decoction combining with argon laser compared to patients treated with argon laser alone after 3mo of combined treatment.

CONCLUSION:Mingjing decoction combining with argon laser for DR can effectively reduce the level of plasma VEGF, stabilize blood sugar levels, improve the function of retina, and delay DR progresses.]]> 2016/6/29 17:05:28 Ming Lu and Jing Zhu 233true METHODS: Retrospective case control study. Two hundred three cases were collected from August 2014 to January 2016 in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital. They were divided into four groups, including the normal group(n=60), the RRMS group(n=60), the NMOSD anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody seropositive(NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive)group(n=48), and the NMOSD-AQP4-Abseronegative group(n=35). All people were detected for the average and four quadrants(superior, inferior, nasal, temporal)of pRNFL thickness and the average and two quadrants(superior, inferior)of GCC thickness with OCT. One way analysis of variance or nonparametric tests was used to compare the differences of pRNFL and GCC thickness between groups.

RESULTS: Comparing with the normal group, the average and all quadrants of pRNFL and GCC thickness in the RRMS, the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive and the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group were thinner(P<0.01). Among them, the pRNFL and GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group was the thinnest. Differences between groups in the pRNFL thickness: compared with the RRMS group, all quadrants of pRNFL and GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group were significantly thinner(P<0.01); compared with the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group, the inferior, nasal and temporal pRNFL thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group were significantly thinner(P<0.05), while the superior quadrant did not show significant differences(P>0.05); compared with the RRMS group, the superior pRNFL thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group was significantly thinner(P<0.05), while the inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants did not show significant differences(P>0.05). Differences between groups in the GCC thickness: compared with both the RRMS and the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group, all quadrants of GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group were significantly thinner(P<0.05); compared with the RRMS group, the superior GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group was significantly thinner(P<0.01), while the inferior quadrant did not show significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The optic nerve and axon impairment in NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group was the most severe and the impairment in RRMS group was the least severe. The impairment in NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group was between the former two, and could be more similar to that of RMMS.]]> 2016/6/29 17:05:28 Mei-Zi Wang, Shu-Ran Wang, Li-Na Wang, Yang Tang, Kun Lei, Min Fang, Liu Yang and Yuan-Zhen Qu 232true METHODS:Retrospective analysis. Totally 130 patients(260 eyes)with corneal refractive surgery in our hospital, according to the operation method were divided into femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)group and T-photorefractive keratectomy(T-PRK)group, the differences of the parameters of the two groups were compared; the differences of SCC success rate, SCC, DCC, and the eyeball rotation direction were compared between the two groups; correlation analysis on SCC, DCC and the parameters of postoperative patients were performed.

RESULTS:High order aberrations and spherical aberration in the T-PRK group after operation was higher than those of FS-LASIK group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); in T-PRK group SCC in the operation was successful in 98 eyes, the success rate was 81.7%; in FS-LASIK group SCC in the operation was successful in 82 eyes, the success rate is 58.6%, the difference of SCC success rate between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05); SCC in T-PRK group was 3.52°±2.17° and FS-LASIK group was 3.49°±2.26°, there was no significant difference(P>0.05); DCC in T-PRK group(2.86°±1.14°)was higher than that of FS-LASIK group(2.17°±1.09°), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the direction of rotation of the eyeball in operation between the two groups(P>0.05). The SCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA, BCVA, spherical equivalent refraction and high order aberrations(P<0.05); the DCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA and high order aberrations(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The success rate of SCC in T-PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, DCC in T-PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, and accurate measurement of SCC and DCC can be effective to compensate for it.]]> 2016/6/29 17:05:28 Bei Huang, Dan-Dan Zhao, Guang-Hua Zhao and Jun Wang 231true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)with femtosecond and posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICL)implantation in high myopia patients.

METHODS: Fifty-five patients(106 eyes)with high myopia from February 2012 to February 2015 in our hospital were analyzed. According to the different operation, patients were divided into the observation group(using ICL implantation, 27 cases with 53 eyes)and the control group(using LASIK, 28 cases with 53 eyes). Postoperative follow-up was 1a, to observe and analyze the visual quality, higher order aberration and complications of two groups.

RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), effectiveness index and security index at 1a postoperatively of observation group, were 1.04±0.86(LogMAR), 0.97±0.19(LogMAR), 104.69±18.56, 108.79±17.68, significantly higher than those of control group 0.78±0.11(LogMAR), 1.04±0.09(LogMAR), 93.78±15.65, 100.71±11.68(P<0.05). And observation group in the two kinds of light and shade environment at various spatial frequency contrast sensitivity were higher than the control group. Those under the light environment at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 c/d and under dark environment at 1.5, 3, 6, 18 c/d compared were different between the two groups(P<0.05). Spherical aberration and comatic aberration of observation group at 1a after operation were lower than those of control group(P<0.05). The difference of trefoil between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05). No severe complications were observed in both groups.

CONCLUSION: LASIK with femtosecond and ICL lens implantation can effectively improve the patient's visual quality, but for patients with high myopia, ICL lens implantation effect is more significant, the safety index of ICL implantation, as well as the effectiveness index and the visual quality are better than those of LASIK.]]> 2016/5/31 16:15:54 Yu-Xia Zhang,Qi Zhao and Nai-Yang Li 230true METHODS: A total of 63 patients(126 eyes)from the ophthalmology department of our hospital were included in this study during May 2014 to June 2015. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), diopter, slit lamp examination, central corneal thickness(CCT), funduscopic examination, corneal topography and corneal total higher order aberrations(THOAs)were recorded. Right eye was selected. According to the spherical equivalence(SE), 63 eyes were divided into two groups, the mild to moderate myopia group(M-M group, SE<-6.00D)and the high myopia group(H group, SE≥-6.00D). The correlations of corneal THOAs with diopter, keratometry, IOP and CCT were analyzed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used for normality test. Independent-samples t test was used for comparison between two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was for comparison between two continuous variables.

RESULTS: Z₄₄ was found a statistic difference between the M-M group and H group(t=2.51,P=0.02). IOP was negatively correlated with Z_5-3(r=-0.52,P=0.01), and CCT was positively correlated with Z_4-4(r=0.43,P=0.03)in H group. There was no correlation between higher order aberrations and SE in M-M group(all P>0.05)Total coma aberration(TCA)was negatively correlated with SE(r=-0.57,P=0.002)and spherical degree(Sph, r=-0.55,P=0.003)in H group. Z₄₀ was positively correlated with average K(AK)(M-M group:r=0.40,P=0.02. H group:r=0.55, P=0.03), K steep(K_s)(M-M group:r=0.39, P=0.02. H group:r=0.51, P=0.01)and K flat(K_f)(M-M group:r=0.40, P=0.02. H group:r=0.57, P=0.01)in both groups. Z₅₃ was negatively correlated with K_s (r=-0.4,P=0.04)in H group.

CONCLUSION: The THOAs parameters are influenced by diopter and keratometry. TCA is negatively correlated with SE and Sph in patients with high myopia, and spherical aberration is positively correlated with keratometry.]]> 2016/5/31 16:15:54 Xue Yang and Qin Long 229true METHODS: From January 2013 to October 2015,186 diabetic cataract patients(224 eyes)as diabetes group and 190 patients with simple cataract(227 eyes)as control group in our hospital were enrolled. All patients received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation. Observation of corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal cells preoperatively, 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively were carried out, and multiple Logistic regression analysis for risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury was taken.

RESULTS: There were no significant difference in the density of corneal endothelial cells, the coefficient of variation and the percentage of hexagonal cells between the two groups before surgery(P>0.05). Each time point after operation corneal endothelial cell density and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells of diabetes group were significantly lower than the preoperative and those of control group(P<0.05). Each time after operation endothelial cell coefficient of variation of diabetes group were significantly higher than the preoperative(P<0.05). The endothelial cell coefficient of variation in diabetes group of the 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). Corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cells of the control group at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation were significantly lower than the preoperative(P<0.05). The endothelial cell coefficient of variation of control group at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation were significantly higher than the preoperative(P<0.05). Single factor analysis showed that age, shallow anterior chamber, long ultrasonic time, short eye axis, high energy ultrasonic, high cumulative released energy, a lot of perfusate and nuclear hardness ≥ grade Ⅲ associated with corneal endothelial cell injury(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, long ultrasonic time, high ultrasonic energy, high cumulative released energy and nuclear hardness ≥ grade Ⅲ were the risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury, the OR value and 95%CI were 1.742(1.056-2.682), 1.958(1.227-3.135), 2.064(1.274-3.256), 2.585(1.493-3.682), 2.193(1.348-3.316).

CONCLUSION: The injury of corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification in diabetic cataract patients is more serious than in patients with simple cataract. Age,long ultrasonic time,high ultrasonic energy, high cumulative released energy and nuclear hardness ≥ grade Ⅲ are the risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury.]]> 2016/5/31 16:15:54 Mo-Han Li,Xiao-Lin Fu and Wen-Fang Yang 228true METHODS: From January 2013 to January 2015, 100 patients(100 eyes)with type 2 diabetes were divided into 3 groups: 34 patients without diabetic retinopathy(NDR), 36 patients with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group, and 30 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). According to the results of OCT, the patients with diabetic retinopathy were divided into 2 groups: diabetic macular edema(DME)group(28 cases), and 38 cases without diabetic macular edema. During the same period in our hospital 35 subjects for physical examination were selected as the control group. The hemodynamic parameters of the posterior ciliary artery in different groups of patients at different distance from the center of the macular were compared, analyzing influencing factors.

RESULTS: With the aggravation of diabetic retinopathy, the choroidal thickness in different distance from the center of the macular decreased. The choroidal thickness of NPDR and PDR group were thinner than that of the control group(P<0.05). The choroidal thickness of NDR group was not different from the control group(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the choroidal thickness between the DME patients and non DME patients(P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between choroidal thickness of patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic duration, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, eye axis length, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure(P>0.05), but there was a correlation with BCVA(logMAR)(P<0.01). EDV and PSV in NDR group and NPDR group were significantly lower than those in control group, RI was higher than that in control group. PSV and EDV in PDR group were significantly lower than those in other three groups, RI was higher than the other three groups, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: With the severity of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients, the choroidal thickness decreased, and the thickness of the choroid is beneficial in the comprehensive analysis of 2 diabetic retinopathy.]]> 2016/5/31 16:15:54 Fang Xu,Miao-Yan Zhao and Ju Liu 227true METHODS:The patients with astigmatism >1.0D during the same time and followed up for 1a were selected. A total of 129 eyes in 67 patients were treated under iris location with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK(experimental group)and 161 eyes in 82 cases with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK(control group). Laser cutting went with the same laser machine. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), and wavefront aberration between the two groups were compared at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.

RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo after surgery, the number of patients with better postoperative UCVA than preoperative BCVA between the two group showed a statistically significant difference(χ²=6.423, P=0.011,χ²=14.431, P=0.01); at 1d and 1mo after surgery, the residual astigmatism showed a statistically significant difference between two groups(t=1.98, P<0.05; t=2.23, P<0.05). At 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on the change of residual astigmatism between the two groups weren't significant(P>0.05). At 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on UCVA between the two groups weren't significant(P>0.05). Until 1a after surgery, the root mean square(RMS)of high order wavefront aberration of the two groups, spherical aberration and coma aberration(COMA)were all enhanced compared to before surgery(P<0.05). At 1, 3mo after surgery, the RMS showed a statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). At 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after surgery, the increase of COMA in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Iris location technology applied in femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK for myopia and astigmatism, can make the vision recovery faster, the RMS of high order and COMA increase less, the residual astigmatism less, show better and more stable treatment effect.]]> 2016/5/31 16:15:54 Ke-Jie Lin,Jun Chen,Wen Lin,Xiao-Dong Lin,Yue-Ming Zhou and Liang-Ding Zheng 226true METHODS:Ninety-four patients(126 eyes)who underwent cataract surgery from February 2012 to June 2015 in our hospital were selected in this study. They were divided into research group(group A)with 46 cases(63 eyes)underwent surgery though scleral tunnel incision, and the control group(group B)with 48 cases(63 eyes)through clear corneal tunnel incision. According to referencing cataract LOCS Ⅱ nuclear hardness classification standard, patients in the two groups were subdivided into AⅡgroup, BⅡ group, A Ⅲ group, B Ⅲ group, A Ⅳ group and B Ⅳ group. On preoperatively 1d, postoperatively 1, 7, 30 and 90d, subjective symptoms of dry eye questionnaire scores(SDES), break-up time(BUT), staining scores of sodium fluorescein(SCSF), and Schirmer I test(SⅠt)were determinate to analyze the influence on tear film by different incisions.

RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences on preoperative tear film function between the two groups(P>0.05); there were statistically significant differences on tear film function of the two groups on preoperatively 1d with postoperatively 1 and 7d(P<0.05). On postoperatively 30d, only the tear film function of BⅣ group had significant difference with that on preoperatively 1d(P<0.05). SDES, SCSF and SⅠt of AⅢ group on postoperatively 1d were significantly lower than those of BⅢ group(P<0.05). SDES and SCSF of AⅣ group on postoperatively 1 and 7d were lower than those of BⅣ group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:In the phacoemulsification, cataract with Ⅲ and Ⅳ nuclear through clear corneal tunnel incision, can sharpen tear film function damage, surgery effect was worse than through sclera tunnel incision, especially in Ⅳ level nuclear. Therefore, scleral tunnel incision can be selected in grade Ⅳ nuclear cataract in phacoemulsification.]]> 2016/5/3 15:55:04 Xin-Miao Hu 225true METHODS:Sixty patients(60 eyes)with glaucoma went to our hospital from August 2012 to August 2014 and whose follow-up periods were >6mo were divided into two groups, group A(observation group)and group B(control group), by random number method. Observation group was treated with intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab and trabeculectomy. Control group was treated with cyclocryotherapy. The changes on visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), neovascularization at iris and anterior chamber angle were observed.

RESULTS:Postoperative visual acuity improved in 9 eyes in group A which was significantly more than that of group B(P<0.05)and decreased in 5 eyes in group A which was significantly less than that of group B(P<0.05). In group A, IOP after injection of ranibizumab did not decrease much, but IOP decreased significantly after trabeculectomy and kept stable. IOP of group A after treatment was 14.6±3.7mmHg which was lower than that of group B(P<0.05). IOP of group B decreased gradually after treatment, and kept stable after 1mo. IOP of group A at 1, 3 and 6mo was lower than those of group B at the same time point(P<0.05). At the final follow up of 12mo, 26 eyes(87%)were treated successfully with IOP>30mmHg in 4 eyes. But there were more patients with relieved symptoms in group A than in group B. Fourteen eyes(47%)were treated successfully in group B with IOP> 30mmHg in 13 eyes, symptoms were relieved and IOP<7mmHg in 3 cases(P=0.026). No ocular atrophied. The rate of complication in group A was 13%, which was significantly lower than that of group B(67%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The anti-VEGF drugs with trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma can improve visual acuity, reduce IOP, and relieve symptoms with high safety.]]> 2016/5/3 15:55:04 Fei Wang and Li-Lun Wang 224true METHODS:Sixty-three diabetic patients(79 eyes)with cataract treated from January 2011 to October 2015 in our hospital were selected. All the patients were conformed to the WHO diagnosis standards of diabetes and cataract. The patients received the phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. After 1d of treatment, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)was applied to evaluate the psychological state. According to the evaluation results, the patients were divided into non-anxiety group(<14 scores)and anxiety group(≥14 scores). The non-anxiety group had 34 cases and the anxiety group had 29 cases. The dry eye and inflammatory response of the two groups was compared.

RESULTS:At 1d and 3mo after treatment, the evaluation scores of dry eye of two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05); at 7d after treatment, the dry eye of anxiety group was more serious than that of non-anxiety group(P<0.05). At 1d and 3mo after treatment, the anterior chamber inflammation responses of two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05); at 7d after treatment, the inflammation response of anxiety group was more serious than that of non-anxiety group(P<0.05). At 1d and 3mo after treatment, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05); at 7d after treatment, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of anxiety group were significantly higher than those of non-anxiety group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Anxiety has an obvious effect on the dry eye and inflammation response in diabetic patients after cataract surgery. Before surgery, the evaluation of anxiety and the targeted mental intervention is of great importance on the postoperative recovery.]]> 2016/5/3 15:55:04 Li-Li Wang and Da Li 223true METHODS:Teenagers who took routine physical examination were chosen as the research object. Copper card method was used to identify the dominant eye and the main eye in adolescents with ametropic amblyopia which was the observation group, 63 cases with 63 eyes each. Sixty subjects with emmetropia were as the normal group. The research objects underwent mydriasis optometry, computer optometry and streak retinoscopes to determine the diopter. The patients with ametropic amblyopia were treated with same amount comprehensive amblyopia treatment, and wearing glasses. There was not any treatment for normal group. The curative effect of same amount comprehensive amblyopia treatment were tested between the observation group and the control group when treating at 1,3,6 and 12mo respectively. Microfluctuation changes when reading at the distance of 25, 33 and 50cm(5min for every distance)of the two groups were tested. Then the low frequencies(LFC)of microfluctuation change was calculated and analyzed. The whole eye aberration of the normal group and the observation group were tested with i-Trace Wave Scan Wavefront, and the corneal aberration was collected and calculated with Humphrey corneal topographer. Microfluctuation changes of the two groups were compared and the relation between the accommodation index and the wavefront aberration was analyzed.

RESULTS:Through statistical analysis, the LFC value of the observation group at 25, 33 and 50cm respectively was 0.086±0.022, 0.057±0.032 and 0.041±0.028D²/Hz, which was significantly higher than the LFC value of the normal group which was 0.047±0.023,0.037±0.021,0.027±0.011D²/Hz(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Under the same amount treatment, the short-term curative effect of dominant eyes in children with ametropic amblyopia is superior to the non-dominant ones. While the differences of medium and long-term efficacy have no statistical significance. There is no difference on corneal aberration between dominant and non-dominant eyes. At near distance, the LFC of microfluctuation change was higher in amblyopia patients than that in normals.]]> 2016/5/3 15:55:04 Qiang Xiao 222true METHODS:A total of 45 patients(45 eyes)with neovascular glaucoma treated with trabeculectomy, mitomycin and retinal condensation were selected, and the postoperative clinical effect, visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP)and complications were observed. The color Doppler imaging technique was used to detect hemodynamics index of contralateral and ipsilateral eye before and 2wk after surgeries.

RESULTS:All the patients were followed up for 3～6mo. The successful rate was 84%, the rate of forming functional filtering bleb was 82%, and the complication rate was 27%. The IOP at 1, 3 and 6mo after surgeries decreased significantly compared with pre-operation(P<0.05), and the corrected visual acuity improved significantly at 1, 3 and 6mo after treatments(P<0.05); at 1, 3 and 6mo after treatments, the hemodynamic parameters including PSV, EDV, RI of ipsilateral eye improved significantly compared with those before surgeries(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy combined with mitomycin and retinal condensation has high success rate on treating neovascular glaucoma, which can effectively control IOP, improve vision and ocular hemodynamics.]]> 2016/3/28 15:32:19 Yue-Sheng Qiu,Xiao-Lin Sun and Chen Wu 221true METHODS: One hundred and thirteen cases(130 eyes)with PDR at stage VI treated with standard vitreoretinal surgery were retrospectively analyzed. According to the OCT examination before surgeries and ocular fundus during surgeries, the reviewed cases were divided into two groups: patients with traction retinal detachment and maculopathy(99 cases with 113 eyes)and without maculopathy(14 cases with 17 eyes). Eyes underwent OCT and mfERG examination. Visual acuity preoperative and postoperative, mfERGP1 wave amplitudes, morphology features of macular,complications and prognoses were analyzed.

RESULTS: The rate of improved visual acuity postoperatively was 63.1%(82/130). The vision was 0.05 or better in 19 eyes(14.6%)preoperatively, and in 61 eyes(46.9%)postoperatively, in which the vision of 56 eyes were >0.1. In patients without maculopathy, the rate of visual improvements were 88.2% and there were 94.1% with the vision >0.1, which were both better than patients with significant maculopathy group(59.3% and 35.4%), and the differences were significant(P<0.05).The amplitude densities of P1 wave in the 6 rings were markedly increased after vitrectomy, and they turned to be better with time(P<0.05).The amplitude densities of P1 wave in rings(1+2)of eyes without maculopathy were higher than eyes with maculopathy(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The visual function of eyes with PDR at stage VI is improved after vitrectomy. The amplitude densities of P1 wave in the 6 rings increase markedly after vitrectomy, and they turn to be better with time. The improvement of visual function in severe PDR without maculopathy group is better than that in severe PDR with maculopathy group after vitrectomy.]]> 2016/3/28 15:32:19 Ling Cai and Jian-Yi Cui 220true in situ keratomileusis(FSLASIK), to study the stability of biomechanical properties of the cornea after these two kinds of surgery and provide objective data for clinical operation.

METHODS: Prospective comparative cases. One hundred and two cases(200 eyes)with myopia and myopic astigmatism were divided into 2 groups, 51 cases(100 eyes)for SMILE, and 51 cases(100 eyes)for Q value guided FS-LASIK. Corneal hysteresis(CH)and the corneal resistance factor(CRF)were quantitatively assessed with the Ocular Response Analyzer(ORA)preoperatively and 1d, 2wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: The decrease in CH and the CRF were statistically significant in both groups(P<0.01). However, the changes subsequently stabilized with no further deterioration(P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the biomechanical changes in the two groups at any time(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Both SMILE and Q value guided FS-LASIK can cause biomechanical decreases in the cornea. After 1d postoperatively, the decreases are nearly stable. There are no significant differences between the effect of SMILE and Q value guided FS-LASIK on the biomechanical properties of the cornea.]]> 2016/3/28 15:32:19 Jun Zhang,Li Zheng,Chan-Su Tong,Yang Xu,Shu Chen and Yi Sun 219true METHODS:Patients with cataract who hospitalized in our department from July 2009 to April 2015 were recruited as objects. According to patients' implanted IOL types we divided them into 4 groups:spherical group, non-spherical group, astigmatism group and multi-focal group. Three months after the surgery, the patients were examined by subjective visual quality, satisfaction degree, visual acuity, total astigmatism and contrast sensitivity.

RESULTS:A total of 174 patients(254 eyes)were enrolled. The average satisfaction of the patients was 8.17±1.02 scores, and the satisfaction of the astigmatism group and the multi-focal group were higher than the other 2 groups(P<0.05). The postoperative visual acuity of the 4 groups were statistically significant higher(P<0.05)than the preoperative, in which the postoperative near visual acuity of multi-focal group was significantly higher than the other 3 groups(P<0.05). The day contrast sensitivity under 3, 6, 12 and 18c/d spatial frequency and the night contrast sensitivity under 18c/d spatial frequency of the astigmatism group was better than the other 3 groups(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Individualized plans of intraocular lens are aimed to recommend appropriate types of IOL according to the different ocular conditions and postoperative needs of patients. It has great significance to improve the patients' visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and satisfaction.]]> 2016/3/2 8:19:50 Zhou Zhou and Li Li 218true METHODS:A prospective randomized study. Eighty-four cases(84 eyes)with short eye axis were selected. Ocular axis ranged 17.68～21.32mm(the average axis was 20.26±1.59mm). The cases with age-related cataract were randomly divided into two groups. Micro incision group(group A):1.8mm coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification with ultra-thin IOLs implantation; Small incision group(group B):3.0mm coaxial small incision phacoemulsification with IOLs implantation. The effective phaco time(EPT)and the mean intraoperative ultrasound energy(AVE)were recorded. The postoperative best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), central anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell density, surgically induced astigmatism and operation complications were observed. All cases were followed up at 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo.

RESULTS:The EPT of group A and group B were 6.88±3.05, 7.04±3.57s respectively, the AVE were(14.54±7.26)% and(15.08±3.67)%. The EPT and AVE had no statistically significant difference between the two groups. At postoperative 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo, surgically induced astigmatism of group A was lower than that of group B and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The best corrected visual acuity and corneal endothelial cell density had no significant difference between the two groups. Postoperative intraocular pressure was significantly decreased in two groups and postoperative anterior chamber depth was significant deepen. Anterior chamber kept stable in all patients, no complications and no incision thermal burn were found during the operation.

CONCLUSION:The 1.8mm coaxial micro-incision can effectively reduce the astigmatism,and significantly improve the early visual function for treatment of short eye axis cataract compared to traditional 3.0mm coaxial small incision phacoemulsification.]]> 2016/3/2 8:19:50 Dan Li,Zhi-Ying Liu,Wei Cui and Qiang Lu 217true MEHTODS:This prospective series case study included 64 eyes in 64 patients with corneal astigmatism and cataract. The experimental group consisted of 30 patients with cataract and prolonged axial length. The control group consisted of 34 patients with cataract and normal axial length. The uncorrected distance visual acuity, best corrected distance visual acuity, preoperative corneal astigmatism, predicted residual astigmatism, residual astigmatism and Toric IOL axis rotation were measured preoperatively and post operatively.

RESULTS:After the operations, the uncorrected distance visual acuity in the experimental group was 0.06±0.11 and in the control group was 0.03±0.08, both were improved compared to those before the operations(P<0.01).But there was no statistically different between the two groups(P>0.05).The residual astigmatism between the two groups(0.44±0.09 vs 0.41±0.08)was no statistically different(P>0.05).The mean IOL axis rotation in experimental group(4.43°±1.36°)was higher than that of the control group(3.59°±1.1°)and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:Toric IOL rotation is greater in eyes with a prolonged axial length. But there is no differences on uncorrected visual acuity, residual astigmatism, compared with patients with normal axial length.]]> 2016/3/2 8:19:50 Yong-Jun Chen,Ya-Zhou Ji,Yan-Jun Wu and Yong-Jun Huo 216true METHODS:From January 2012 to December 2014, 50 cases in our hospital for treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(study group)and 50 cases in outpatient department of our hospital for health examination(control group)were tested. The conventional elbow venous blood was taken. The use of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and restriction fragment length polymorphism test were used to detect the characteristics of carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ gene polymorphism.

RESULTS:The locus site of rs3758078 and rs10504813 of the two groups were in line with Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium law(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium).The results displayed in rs10504813 site, the difference of genotype frequencies between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). But the difference in allele frequencies between the two groups was statistical significance(P<0.05). The differences of locus genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups in rs3758078 had no statistical significance(P>0.05). After the carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ polymorphism haplotype analysis in the two groups, TAC(Tracking area code of cell served by neighbor Enb)haplotype carriers appeared lawer risk of primary open-angle glaucoma.

CONCLUSION:There is certain relation between the polymorphism and the risk of carbonic anhydrase primary open-angle glaucoma, and rs3758078 locus balance may be the main reason for low risk; TAC haplotype carriers appear lower risk of primary open angle glaucoma.]]> 2016/2/3 8:48:35 An-Dai Wu,Xin-Ming Ye,He-Xiang Gao,Jun Li and Chen Zhao 215true METHODS: There were 271 subjects(271 eyes)enrolled in this study. In total, there were 141 cases aged 9.43±1.10 in the ortho-k group and the spherical equivalent refractive errors(SER)were -2.74±1.15D. The patients were examined at 1, 7, 30, and 90d after they started wearing the ortho-k lenses. There were 130 cases aged 9.37±1.00 enrolled in the control group, with the SER -2.88±1.39D, and the examinations occurred at 6, 12mo after they started wearing single-vision spectacles. Myopic progression was estimated from changes of axial length in both groups. The chi-square test, independent samples t-tests, paired t-tests, Spearman analysis were used to compare the data of the two groups.

RESULTS: The axial elongation was 0.27±0.17mm in the ortho-k group after 1a which was significantly longer than that before wearing(P<0.01); the axial elongation was 0.38±0.13mm in the control groups(P<0.01); the difference on axial elongation between the two groups was statistically significant and the increase of axial length of the ortho-k group was significant less by 28.9% than that of the control group(P<0.01, by independent samples t-test). There was significant negative correlation between axial elongation and initial age in both groups during the one-year period(ortho-k group: r_s=-0.309, P<0.01; control group: r_s=-0.472,P<0.01). The percentages of younger subjects(aged 7.0～9.4)with fast myopic progression(>0.36mm in 1a)were 38% in the ortho-k group and 76.5% in the control group, respectively; whereas those of the older group(aged 9.4～12.0)were lower, reaching 24.3% and 12.9% in the ortho-k and control groups. In patients with SER 5.00～6.00D, the axial elongation in ortho-k group was 57.1% lower than that in control group.

CONCLUSION: Ortho-k lens is effective to control myopic progression in children with low-to-moderate myopia. In particular, it reduces the percentage of younger children with fast progression and has a better effect of controlling myopic progression with higher degrees of myopia.]]> 2016/2/3 8:48:35 Meng-Mei He,Ya-Ru Du,Qing-Yu Liu,Cheng-Da Ren,Jun-Ling Liu,Qian-Yi Wang and Jing Yu 214true METHODS:One hundred and twenty patients with diabetic retinopathy aged 38～70 were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography, including 60 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), 30 Uygur and Han respectively(devided into Uygur group 1, Han group 1); 60 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), 30 Uygur and Han respectively(devided into Uygur group 2, Han group 2). All patients were detected for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), serum total bilirubin(TBIL), fibrinogen(FIB), D-dimer(DD)indicators using fasting blood.

RESULTS:Regardless of ethnic, NPDR group and PDR group were significant differences in the four indicators; there was no significant difference between the Han and the Uygur group on the hs-CRP. But for the TBIL, FIB and DD, it was significantly different between the two ethnical groups, and it was more obvious in Uygur group.

CONCLUSION:Diabetic retinopathy generally was more severe in Xinjiang Uygur groups, more attention should be paid in clinical practice.]]> 2016/2/3 8:48:35 Jing-Li Han,Tian-Rong Liu and Xiang-Long Yi 213true METHODS:Eighty-eight eyes in 67 patients with age related cataract were included in the study. Forty-six eyes in 35 patients underwent phacoemulsification(Phaco)combined with intraocular lens implantation as Phaco group,while 42 eyes in 32 patients underwent non-phacoemulsification small incision extra-capsular cataract extraction(ECCE)combined with intraocular lens implantation as ECCE group. The first non-invasive tear break-up time(fNIBUT),the average non-invasive tear break-up time(aNIBUT),the tear meniscus height(TMH)and the proportion of "dry eye" diagnosised in tear film stability grades before operations and at 1d,1 and 3mo after operations were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS:The fNIBUT, aNIBUT, TMH in Phaco group were higher than those in ECCE group,while the proportion of dry eye in Phaco group were lower than that in ECCE group at 1d postoperatively. The aNIBUT in Phaco group was still higher than that in ECCE group at 1mo postoperatively. The differences on these indicators between two groups were not statistically significant at 3mo postoperatively. Compared with that preoperatively, aNIBUT was reduced at 1d postoperatively, TMH was reduced at 1d and 1mo postoperatively, while the ratio of patients with abnormal TMH was increased 1mo postoperatively in Phaco group. The aNIBUT and TMH were reduced at 1d and 1mo postoperatively, the ratio of patients with abnormal TMH was increased at 1d and 3mo postoperatively, while the proportion of dry eye was increased at 1d and 1mo postoperatively in ECCE group.

CONCLUSION:ECCE has more negative effects on the tear film stability than Phaco, which causes longer dry eye according to the Oculus Keratograph.]]> 2016/2/3 8:48:35 Qian-Qian Lan,Qi Chen,Ping-Yi Man and Si-Ming Zeng 212true in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).

METHODS: The prospective study was applied.Eighty four patients(168 eyes)were divided into two groups: 42 patients(84 eyes)with myopia underwent SMILE was group Ⅰ, 42 patients(84 eyes)with myopia underwent LASIK was groupⅡ. The myopia degree of the patients was -3.00～-8.00D and astigmatism was -0.25～-2.00D before treatments and they were followed for 6mo. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), high order aberration(HOA), contrast sensitivity(CS)were compared and statistically analyzed at preoperatively, 1,3 and 6mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: All operations were successful without serious complications that damaged vision. The UCVA in group Ⅰwas higher than that in group Ⅱ, and the SE was lower than that in group Ⅱ postoperatively(P<0.05).The HOA in both groups increased compared with those preoperative(P<0.05), but the increase of spherical aberration(SA)in groupⅡ were significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05). The CS at each spatial frequency in both groups decreased compared with those preoperative(P<0.05). At 3 and 6mo postoperatively, the CS in both groups was improved.

CONCLUSION: Moderate or high myopia and astigmatism can be effectively corrected by SMILE. Better visual acuity, more stable refractive state, less increase on SA, the recovery of CS and the improvement on visual quality, are the advantage of SMILE, but investigation with larger sample size and long term observation are needed.]]> 2015/12/28 16:15:59 Xing Xing,Shi-Yang Li,Ai-Hong Zhao,Xue-Yan Liu and Jie Pei 211true METHODS:Totally 3 465 patients with DM were studied, and the related factors such as patient's age, gender, region, race, diabetes duration, fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure were analyzed.

RESULTS:Totally 1 079 patients(31.14%)were found with DR in 3 465 cases. The risk factors included the living region, diabetes duration, fasting blood sugar level and blood pressure(P<0.05).The age, gender, race and blood lipid were not risk factors for DR(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:The living region, diabetes duration, fasting blood glucoselevel and blood pressure are risk factors for DR.]]> 2015/12/28 16:16:00 Chun-Hua Yao,Lin Song,Xiao-Yan Sun,Shu-Ying Shi,Wen-Bin Wei,Hong-Xun Zhang and Wen-Ming Zeng 210true METHODS:Three hundred and sixty cases of patients with NAION in our hospital from January 2010 to Juny 2015 were used as patients group and another 400 people undergoing health examination were used as control group. The clinical data was collected. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was performed.

RESULTS:There were significant difference on gender, history of diabetes or hypertension, arteriosclerosis history, disc area, cup area, rim area, cup/disc area ratio, horizontal cup-disc ratio, vertical cup-disc ratio, FBG and TG of two groups(P<0.05). Male, with diabetes, history of hypertension, arteriosclerosis history, disc area, cup area, rim area, cup/disc area ratio, horizontal cup-disc ratio, vertical cup-disc ratio, FBG and TG were independent risk factors of NAION. Top, nasal, below temporal side and average global retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)of patients with NAION at 6,12 and 18mo after the onset were significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between patients with different disease course(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:Male, with diabetes, history of hypertension, arteriosclerosis history, disc area, cup area, rim area, cup/disc area ratio, horizontal cup-disc ratio, vertical cup-disc ratio, FBG and TG are independent risk factors of NAION. Long-term damage of RNFL may not aggravate.]]> 2015/12/28 16:16:00 Ying-Xin Cui 209true METHODS: From January to October 2014, migrant workers who worked in 10 factories individually in Tangxia Town Dongguan City, were selected by systematic sampling. Every participant was asked to complete the visual display terminal questionnaire and acepted accommodative amplitude determination, tear-film break up time, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer I text and so on. The data was analyzed by the SPSS 19.0 software.

RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-nine people were enrolled(246 males, 223 females). Among them, 384 cases(206 males and 178 females)were diagnosed as the VDT syndrome, the prevalence rate was 81.9%. Compared the prevalence rate in different gender in 40～<50 groups and 50～<60 group, the differences were statistically significant. The difference of gender was not statistically significant in the other age groups. Patients with VDT syndrome considered that watching the video was the most important use of smartphones, preferred accounted in 181 people(43.1%). People without VDT syndrome thought that communicating through WeChat, QQ and some other chat tools was the most important usage, preferred accounted in 33 people(38.8%). The prevalence of visual fatigue in patients with VDT syndrome was 83.9%(322/384). One hundred and ninety-six patients(60.9%)had accommodative amplitude reduction. The 267 patients(69.5%)with VDT syndrome were identified with dry eye. The difference of watching smartphones in bed between people with or without VDT syndrome was not statistically significant. While on reading novels, watching videos, being in dark and shaking space, having daily sport, getting interval in using, the differences were statistically significant. Daily sport and interval were the protective factors for VDT syndrome, the others were risk factors for VDT syndrome.

CONCLUSION:The main factors for VDT syndrome in the migrant workers are reading novels, watching videos, being in dark and shaking space, poor sport and less interval. To get rid of the bad habits in using smartphones, do more sport, take more intervals, moisten the ocular surface are expected to prevent VDT syndrome.]]> 2015/12/28 16:16:00 Xue-Fen Wu,Fu-Rong Xu and Li-Hua Chen 208true METHODS: A total of 56 cases(56 eyes)with fungal corneal ulcer wererecruited in our hospital from March 2012 to February 2015. The concentration of voriconazole plasma in each patient was detected by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Meanwhile, the JAK2/STAT3 genotype analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).

RESULTS:All patients were divided into high voriconazole plasma concentration group(35 cases, 62.50%)and low voriconazole plasma concentration group(21 cases, 37.50%)by using standard median as boundary value. There was no significant difference on the male proportion, height, weight, daily dose and adverse reaction of the patients between high and low serum voriconazole concentration group(P>0.05). The median trough concentration and the median standardized serum concentration in the high serum voriconazole concentration group were significantly higher than those of the low serum voriconazole concentration group(P<0.05). The effective rate of high serum voriconazole concentration group was better than that of low serum voriconazole concentration group(P<0.05). In the seven polymorphic loci of JAK2-STAT3 gene, the JAK2, rs10119004, GA allele, GG allele and the STAT3, rs12948909 TT allele of high serum voriconazole concentration group showed significant difference as compared with the low serum voriconazole concentration group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The JAK2-STAT3 gene polymorphism shows significant effects on the serum voriconazole concentration and clinical efficacy of voriconazole, indicating that pharmacogenetic study of great significance for clinical rational used of voriconazole.]]> 2016/11/23 14:07:30 Jing Peng, Shuang-Le Li, Hong-Bo Zeng and Ying-Ping Deng 207true METHODS: A total of 74 patients with cataract and diabetes(100 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification of senile cataract combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation were selected in our hospital from Apr.2014 to Dec.2014, and they were divided into the group A and group B according to with/without a history of diabetes. A total of 34 patients(50 eyes)with a history of diabetes more than 3y were assigned to group A, and 40 patients(50 eyes)without history of diabetes were assigned to group B. The dry eye-related symptom score, corneal fluorescein(FL)score, tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)and corneal endothelial cells were examined and compared in pre-therapy and post-treatment, respectively.

RESULTS: Before operation, there was no significant difference on the dry eye-related symptom score, FL score, BUT, SⅠt and corneal endothelial cells between the two groups(P>0.05). After operation, the dry eye-related symptom score in group A and B were both greatly higher than that before operation(P<0.05). The FL score and SⅠt in group A after operation were both higher but BUT was lower than that before operation(P<0.05). In group B, the FL score and SⅠt were both higher on first day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after operation than that before operation, However, the BUT was lower on 1d and 1wk after operation than that before operation(P<0.05). All the observation indexes were restored in 1mo after operation. After operation, endothelial cell area in the two groups were both larger than that before operation, and the significant difference were found from 2wk after operation in group A but only 1wk after operation in group B(P<0.05). The number of corneal endothelial cells in group A and B after operation were both less than that before operation(P<0.05). All the observation targets between group A and B had a significant difference in 1mo after operation(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The cataract phacoemulsification has a significant influence in ocular surface of patients with cataract and diabetes than that without diabetes.]]> 2016/11/23 14:07:30 Tian-Fu Zhu, Run-Qi Zhang, Qing Liu, Yu-Ting Lin and Yan-Yan Yang 206true METHODS:A randomized prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with age-related cataract: coaxial 2.2 mm micro-incision cataract surgery was performed in 50 cases(50 eyes), and coaxial 3 mm small incision cataract surgery was performed in 50 cases(50 eyes). Statistical analysis was takenwith the data of the two groups. Visual acuity, VF and QOL were compared at intervals of 1wk and 3mo after surgery. In addition, surgically induced astigmatism(SIA)was analyzed. Statistic analysis was taken by Student's t-test and Chi-square test.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference on BCVA(t=-1.366, -1.688; P=0.148, 0.107)between these two groups. One week and 3mo after the surgery, SIA was(0.46±0.29)D,(0.43±0.26)D in the 2.2 group; and(1.55±0.59)D,(0.89±0.28)D, in 3.0 group. The differences between these two groups were statistically significant(t=-7.348, -3.788; P=0.000, 0.000)There were no statistically significant differences on VF scores between two group, while it's got a better score in 2.2 groups on vision adaptation.(t=-3.348, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Coaxial 2.2mm micro-incision cataract surgery could significantly reduce SIA and obtain morestable status of VF and QOL. This suggests that the coaxial 2.2 phacoemulsification surgery implanted AkreosMI60 intraocular lens could get earliervisual rehabilitation postoperation.]]> 2016/10/25 14:35:36 Chen Zhao, Yu-Qun Zhang, Jie Cen and Pei-Yan Hua 205true METHODS: A total of 297 patients(322 eyes)with hard nucleus cataract(Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade nucleus)and high myopia were selected from Mar.2014 to Mar.2016 in our hospital. They were randomly divided into the observation group with 149 cases(162 eyes)and the control group with 148 cases(160 eyes). The observation group received capsule membrane phacoemulsification and the control group received capsular bag in phacoemulsification. The therapeutic effect and safety of patients in two groups were compared. The comparison of phacoemulsification time, energy parameters and corneal endothelial cell density used t-test, post-operative visual acuity and the occurrence of complications were tested by Chi-square test.